Contractile vacuole ndi ntchito yake yoyambayi

Nkhaniyi anayambitsanso owerenga dongosolo la zinthu losavuta - ndicho, chimanena Kapangidwe ka contractile vacuole kuchita excretory (osati) ntchito, tikambirana za tanthauzo la losavuta ndipo limafotokoza njira moyo wawo chilengedwe.

Contractile vacuole. maganizo

Vacuole (ku French vacuole, ku Latin vacuus mawu -. Malo), ang'onoang'ono cavities ozungulira mu zomera ndi nyama maselo kapena tizilombo unicellular. Contractile vacuole makamaka wamba mwa zamoyo osavuta kuti moyo mu madzi atsopano, mwachitsanzo, mwa protists monga amoeba proteus, Paramecium caudatum, lomwe ndi dzina wapachiyambi kuchokera mu mawonekedwe a thupi, ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a zidendene za nsapato. Kuwonjezera yosavuta, nyumba zofanana anapezeka ku maselo a thonje zosiyanasiyana madzi oyera, amene ali ku spongillidae banja.

Kapangidwe ka contractile vacuole. paradaiso

Contractile vacuole ndi Kakhungu organelles, amene amachita ejection wa madzimadzi owonjezera kuchokera cytoplasm lapansi. Malo ndi kapangidwe ka wagawo n'kosiyanasiyana mu zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Zovuta kuwira kapena tubular vacuoles otchedwa Spong, madzi akulowa contractile vacuole. Chifukwa ntchito yopitirira ya dongosolo anakhalabe khola buku selo. Mu mogwirizana ndi vacuoles contractile, zomwe zimapanga unit malamulo kuthamanga osmotic ndi kutumikira kwa zimatulutsa kwa mankhwala ndi thupi kuwonongeka. monga thupi imakhala selo imodzi yokha, amene nawonso, amapereka ntchito zonse zofunikira pa moyo. Oimira subkingdoms ichi monga Paramecium caudatum, Amoeba Proteus, unicellular zina tatenga katundu thupi palokha.

Ntchito ya zamoyo losavuta

Khola amachita zonse ntchito yofunika: kusankha, kupuma, irritability, kayendedwe, kubereka, ndipo thupi. Mogwirizana ndi ubiquitous. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu moyo mu nyanja ndi watsopano madzi ambiri padziko dothi lonyowa zingakhudze moyo zomera nyama multicellular ndi anthu. Mu chikhalidwe, chabe kugwira ntchito ukhondo, ngati iwo ali nawo makope zinthu, ndi chakudya cha nyama zambiri.

Contractile vacuole pa Amoeba Proteus

Amoeba Proteus - woimira rhizomes kalasi, satero, mosiyana ndi anthu ena a thupi la yokhalitsa. Kupita lotsatira kudzera prolegs. Tsopano tiyeni kuchita ndi anthu, kodi ntchito ya contractile vacuole pa amoebae lapansi. lamulo ili mlingo wa kuthamanga osmotic mkati cell ake. Iye Amoeba Proteus akhoza kupangidwa mu mbali ina ya chipindacho. Kudzera Kakhungu lakunja madzi chilengedwe amalowa osmotically. Anthu ambiri solute muchipindachi amoeba kuposa chilengedwe. Choncho, kufinya kusiyana mkati maselo pulayimale ndi kupitirira. Contractile ntchito vacuole mu amoeba - mtundu wa chipangizo suction kuti zotuluka madzi owonjezera ku mogwirizana selo. Zimatulutsa kwa malo Amoeba proteus madzi anadzadza mungathe mbali iliyonse ya padziko thupi.

ntchito zokhudza contractile vacuole alandiridwa kwa zamoyo losavuta kuti moyo mu madzi atsopano. M'njira parasitic ndi m'madzi kuti amakhala ndi malo amene kuthamanga osmotic ndi apamwamba kuposa mu madzi, zipangizozi wosazindikira ndi kuchepetsedwa kapena kawirikawiri amakhala kwina. Mozungulira vacuoles contractile mu zamoyo zophweka kwambiri mitochondria anaikira mopereka mphamvu kuti agwire ntchito osmotic.

Kuwonjezera osmoregulatory imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya kupuma, chifukwa cha osmosis akukamba ukubwera madzi kusungunuka oxygen. Kodi china ndi ntchito ya contractile vacuole? Monga kugwira ntchito excretory, ndicho ndi mankhwala madzi lachokera kagayidwe kachakudya mu malo awo.

Mpweya kusankha osmoregulation mu nsapato ciliates

thupi chabe ataphimbidwa ndi chipolopolo wandiweyani, amene ali mawonekedwe nthawi zonse. Izo wakudya mabakiteriya, ndipo algae, kuphatikizapo ena mogwirizana. Ciliates chamoyo ndi zovuta kuposa kuti dongosolo ndi amoeba. Muchipindachi, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo nsapato awiri vacuoles contractile. Mu wagawo izi distinguishable thanki ndi tubules angapo ang'onoang'ono. Contractile vacuole nthawi zonse, chifukwa cha dongosolo lino (microtubule), mu malo amodzi mu selo.

Ntchito yaikulu ya vacuoles contractile mu moyo wa woimira losavuta - osmoregulation, monga amachotsa ku maselo madzi owonjezera, amene akulowa selo chifukwa osmosis. Choyamba, pali kutupa njira yopita, ndiye madzi amawapopa mwa iwo mu chitini wapadera. The mosungiramo yafupika, ndi wosiyana chifukwa njira kudzera pores madzi akatulutsidwa. Muchipindachi, ciliates awiri contractile vacuoles, amene nawonso, akuchita zotsutsana. Chifukwa ntchito zipangizo awiriwa anapereka ndondomeko mosalekeza. Komanso, madzi mosalekeza akufalitsa mu zinthu vacuoles contractile. Iwo alternately wothinikizidwa ndi chidule pafupipafupi zimadalira kutentha yozungulira.

Choncho, firiji (18 - 20 madigiri Celsius), pafupipafupi contractions wa vacuoles, monga ena 10-15 masekondi. Ndi kupatsidwa kuti masoka malo nsapato aliyense madzi ataima madzi ndi kukhalapo m'menemo wa kuvunda organic, kutentha kwa sing'anga pa madigiri angapo mosiyanasiyana malingana ndi nthawi ya chaka choncho pafupipafupi contractions angafikire masekondi 20-25. ola limodzi contractile vacuole losavuta chamoyo angathe kuponya maselo mu kuchuluka kwa madzi. mwachinsinsi ndi kukula kwake. Iwo kudziunjikira zakudya undigested chakudya, kagayidwe kachakudya mankhwala yotsiriza, angathe kuonedwa mpweya ndi asafe.

Madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala mogwirizana

Mphamvu pa kufalitsidwa losavuta zinthu mwachibadwa zofunika kwambiri. Mu malo chifukwa cha mbadwa za m'chimbudzi, kuswana mu lalikulu mabakiteriya zedi. Chifukwa, pali zosiyanasiyana mogwirizana amene ntchito mu chakudya ndi mabakiteriya awa, chotero zimathandiza kuti zachilengedwe Madamu kuyeretsa.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale dongosolo yosavuta ya zinthu izi zokhala ndi selo imodzi, thupi la womwe wapangidwa ya selo imodzi, koma amachita ntchito za chamoyo wonse, modabwitsa ndinazolowera chilengedwe. Angathe ndinawona mu Kapangidwe ka contractile vacuole. Pakali pano, ife asonyeza kale chofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe yosavuta chotenga mbali mu vuto la vuto.