Melancholia ndi chiyani? Meaning, ofanana ndi mitundu ya wozingwa

Melanncholia mawu ali mizu Greek (chole - ya ndulu, mélas - wakuda). Melancholia ndi matenda okhudza ubongo chirengedwe, limodzi ndi maganizo maganizo. Poyamba iwo anamutcha maganizo.

A mbiri pang'ono

Pamene mawu akuti "wozingwa" poyamba? Kutanthauza, monga zanenedwa, amaonekera ndi mizu Greek. Malongosoledwe woyamba wa dziko chipezeka mu Homer mu "Iliad", amene amasimba za masana a Bellerophon Aleisk kumunda. Pifagor Samossky anapereka malangizo pa zosayembekezereka maganizo. Makamaka, mu zolemba zake, ananena kuti mutakwiya kapena chisoni ndipite kutali ndi anthu, ndekha, "mimba" kumverera, anadza kudzilimbitsa. Pythagoras anali woyamba nyimbo mankhwala amene wapatsidwa. Mu mdima, analimbikitsa maola kumvetsera nyimbo - nyimbo Hesiod. Democritus analangiza yosanthula moyo wawo ndi kuganizira dziko, munthu anadza wozingwa (ofanana matanthauzo - maganizo, maganizo, maganizo). Pa nthawi yaitali mtima bwino boma sanali.

Amene poyamba anapereka tanthauzo la?

Choyamba Ndinayesa kuthandauza kwa munthu wozingwa, Hippocrates. Mu ntchito zake, pali mfundo ziwiri zimene anayesa kundifotokozera boma. Choyamba, Hippocrates otchedwa melancholic makhalidwe ndi imodzi mwa anthu m'thupi la umene anapeza zambiri ya ndulu.

Malinga ndi iye, anthu amene amakonda boma lotero la anthu ndi kupewa kuwala, nthawi zonse kuona caricatures ngozi. Komanso, anthu awa zonse kudandaula kupweteka pamimba, "ngati iwo anali atagwa zambiri singano." Kukangana za zimene wozingwa, Hippocrates zogwirizana ndi vuto limeneli atadwala nthawi yaitali. Iye anafotokoza zizindikiro: tulo, tikamapita ku chakudya, nkhawa, irritability. Izo ziyenera anati: ndi kopanda kuti precipitating zinthu angapezeke ku ubongo, akalambula patsogolo kwambiri Hippocrates. Koma iye amene analemba madandaulo onse ndi madandaulo akhala mutu. Ndi kwa munthu uyu anapenga, limafotokoza za mantha.

Monga munthu wina otchulidwa lingaliro ntchito melanncholia?

Mfundo zimenezi wozingwa, kukangana ndi anthu ambiri anzeru. Mwachitsanzo, mu zolemba zake, Aristotle anafunsa funso lakuti: "Bwanji umunthu kuwala mu ulamuliro wa anthu kapena ntchitozo, anali yodziwika ndi kukhala pafupipafupi maganizo?" Ena anadwala matenda a chikasu ndiyo (Hercules Mwachitsanzo). Iye akhapidziwa kuti m'nthawi, iye anali melancholic, ndipo m'malo akale amatchedwa matenda Herculean. M'mabuku Plato pali matanthauzo angapo a maganizo. Kukangana zimenezi nzeru zapamwamba wozingwa, analankhula za boma zina mwa kukonda. Izo zikhoza kutenga maonekedwe a misala, mkwiyo kapena kudzoza ndi chimwemwe. Zikatero, Plato ananena za "olondola" mkwiyo wochokera Muses. M'mawu ena, maganizo, malinga ndi iye, anapereka kudzoza ndakatulo nalongosola kuti ubwino wa munthu wanzeru kukhala okhumudwa pa ena, anthu wamba, ndilo khalidwe la rationality tsiku ndi tsiku. Avicenna anaperekanso tanthauzo zimene zili wozingwa. Mu zolemba zake, iye wotchedwa mkhalidwe kupeŵa kwa matendaŵa kuwonongeka, mantha. Kudziwa boma akhoza kukhala pa akamakonda zonse, pa-lingaliro, mmene kuyang'ana pansi, kapena pa chinthu chimodzi. Monga chizindikiro cha Avicenna komanso adzaitana pa nkhope ya chisoni ndi kusowa tulo.

Gulu la makono a pathologies maganizo

matenda angayambe pa mibadwo yosiyana. Koma atengeke ambiri matenda maganizo akulu anthu ndi okalamba. Mu kudwala izi zimachititsa kapena ayi hule maganizo. Mankhwala kusiyanitsa senile ndi involutional psychoses. Mbali yoyamba, matenda akufotokozera pa maziko a ndondomeko zowononga ubongo. Iwo limodzi ndi zotsutsana kwambiri nzeru.

matenda involutional

pathologies zikuphatikizapo matenda kuti sikumachititsa kuti maganizo. Amathandiza kuti chitukuko cha munthu wapadera yosungira munthu - ndi zizindikiro za chinthu chimodzimodzi, suspiciousness, nkhawa. Monga precipitating zinthu zina zinthu isanafike matenda somatic, zinthu zoopsa. Involutional Melancholia yodziwika akazi pambuyo kusintha (limasintha akaleka mu thupi). Yaitali nkhawa ndi onyenga maganizo kapena nkhawa kumachitika kawirikawiri zaka zapakati pa zaka 50-65.

chithandizo

Mu Roma, zikunena achire inkakhala magazi m'mitsempha. Komabe, ngati thanzi mtima chifukwa cha kufooka kwa njirayi anali contraindicated, ndiye kutumikiridwa emetics. Wodwala analimbikitsanso akusisita thupi lonse, mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi. madokotala wakale anayesa pa mankhwala wodwala kuuzira mizimu yabwino. Imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri anali kufunsa wozingwa pa nkhani imene chidwi ndimamudziwira. Patricia kuchitanso osachepera ogwira njira ndiyotani pakuchotsa matenda - zosangalatsa ndi kusagona mokwanira.

njira Terapevicheskie ntchito ku XVIII kwa XX atumwi

Mu Germany, wozingwa ankachitira njira zachilendo kwambiri. Wodwala atamangidwa ku gudumu onsewo, poganiza kuti mphamvu centrifugal adzathetsera "pood katundu pa mapewa a", "katundu kutsogolera ziwalo." Izo ziyenera Komabe, kuti zisanafike zaka makumi awiri ndi odwala, amapatsidwa azamisala, musati kuima pa mwambo. Pa nthawi kuchotsa matenda maganizo ndi mwachilungamo njira nkhanza: mphamvu pa dera la, kumenyedwa, njala. Mankhwalawa, makamaka, analandira ndi George ndi Chachitatu. Pamene mfumu zidagwa atikhaulitse pa malangizo a madokotala abwino European anali kukwapulidwa kwambiri. Pakumva zowawa za kuukira wozingwa, lachitatu Georg anafa.

Pafupi firii kotala ya atumwi mankhwala ntchito hydrotherapy. Kuthetsa maganizo, maganizo wochepetsa mavuto aipa ntchito kumiza mwadzidzidzi madzi ozizira mpaka zizindikiro yoyamba ya suffocation mtima. Utali wa kukhala a mtima wotere anali wofanana ndi nthawi kuti kunali koyenera kuti kuwerenga si mofulumira kwambiri salmo Miserere. Komanso ntchito njira ena otchuka pa nthawi: wodwala atagona kusamba m'chiuno, nawatsanulira pamutu pake, ndi ndowa makumi asanu madzi ozizira. Pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX mu Russia zochizira ntchito ntchito misundu kuti chotulukira ndi, akusisita mutu vinyo tartar emetic. Kwalamulidwa osambira ofunda m'nyengo yozizira, ndi m'chilimwe - ozizira. Patsogolo ntchito kutchuka onse a antidepressants ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Wotchuka kwambiri anali kumwa ndi opiates. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka zaka zao za sikisite zaka mazana makumi awiri.

njira zamakono za chithandizo

Childs, odana depressants Kwalamulidwa kuthetsa kapena kuthetsa boma la maganizo. Iwo akhoza kukalembetsa limodzi ndi mlingo wochepa wa mankhwala neuroleptic (njira imeneyi, mwachitsanzo, ngati "Etaperazin" "frenolona" "Sonapaks"). Cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwala ndi kuthetsa nkhawa, kuthetsa mantha, nkhawa, ndi kuona zilubwelubwe. mankhwala Kwalamulidwa ndi dokotala nawo. Ndi kupanda zimenezi, nthawi zina mankhwala electroconvulsive kukuonetsedwa. Kawirikawiri, mtima aikidwa mu chipatala bongo.