Mavuto padziko

Mavuto padziko madzi - ndi mtengo umene uli mokwanira molondola amadziwika luso kuchepetsa madzimadzi ndi amene anayeza mphamvu ya mavuto padziko, zimakhudza unit kutalika kwa mzere, yomwe ili pamwamba pa madzi. Zikatero, ngati kukula kwa kutalika malire a padziko madzi adzakhala ikhale L ndi mavuto padziko filimu, amene amachita pa malire izi, - F, motero, pamwamba mavuto phindu motere:

σ = F / l

pamwamba Dzina mavuto m'kukoma N / m. The apamwamba kutentha ndi, m'munsi σ mtengo zakumwa koyera.

Zotsatira za asymmetry a magulu a mogwirizana maselo a kusintha wosanjikiza ndi tinthu yowazungulira, ndi lingaliro la kukhalapo kwa mphamvu yachibadwa ndi tangential poyerekezera ndi mawonekedwe. Mphamvu zimenezi kukhudzanso pa kusintha wosanjikiza molekyulu ndi. Iwo ndi mphamvu maselo kuthamanga ndi mavuto padziko pakati pa magawo a.

The kudalira wa koyefishienti σ pamaso zosafunika osiyana

pamwamba mphamvu mavuto mwachindunji zokhudzana mogwirizana maselo ndipo akhoza zosiyanasiyana mfundo zakumwa zosiyanasiyana. Mu zakumwa kuti asanduke nthunzi wabwino kwambiri (mowa, benzene, efa) chigawo chimodzi cha mavuto padziko si lalikulu monga kuti zakumwa zimene sizili oyaka. Poyamba tiyenera kuika gululi pa hydrometer, ndi kusiya izo mu madzi. Chifukwa cha gululi wandiweyani, hydrometer adzakhala anali pa akuya ena. Otsatidwa ndi akungotuluka ndi efa pang'ono pa gululi, pambuyo amene hydrometer yomweyo kuuka kwa madzi.

The koyefishienti wa mavuto pamwamba pa madzi amagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinyalala m'madzi. Pamwamba pa madzi kuika umagawanika yaing'ono kuchokera machesi. Kenako, madzi amatsika mtanda wa sopo. Patapita nthawi zina nthawi kudzakhala kotheka kusunga kayendedwe ka umagawanika kumalire a sitimayo sopo ndi. Motero, munthu akhoza kunena kuti mavuto padziko zikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi ntchito sopo. Ngati ife kuwonjezera chinthu zosiyana ntchito kwachilengedwenso (mankhwala otsukira mano, sopo, detergents), ndi mavuto padziko adzakhala yafupika. Ndiye, ngati inu mukufuna kuti matuza, chifukwa anthu kuwonjezera sopo?

Ambiri a ife timakhulupirira kuti, chifukwa cha sopo chigawo σ ukuwonjezeka. Ndipotu, monga kuchepetsa mlingo wa mavuto padziko pafupifupi munthu wachitatu mtengo σ wa madzi oyera. Iwo amatchuka kuti kwamakokedwe sopo filimu amachepetsa ndende ya maselo sopo padziko, pamwamba mavuto ukuwonjezeka. Choncho, mchikakamizo cha sopo kuwira anatsindika mfundo wofooka, ndi kutambasula zina. Komanso, kuthokoza kwa madzi sopo si asamasanduke nthunzi, choncho, mawu akuti "moyo" a kuwonjezeka chikhodzodzo.

Tsopano tiyeni tiziyike izi zinachitikira: shuga maswiti mu madzi. Izi zidzapangitsa kuti chakuti umagawanika kudzalimbikitsa ndi maswiti ndi. Poti momveka bwino: mchikakamizo cha shuga zikuluzikulu za padziko mavuto ukuwonjezeka.

Kodi kudziwa koyefishienti wa σ kudzera capillaries?

Kuti zimenezi zitheke, losavuta a mtundu wake zinachitikira muyenera kukhala ndi zipangizo zochepa ndi madzi ndi capillaries.

capillary ndi chofunika kuchepetsa mu chotengera ndi madzi, ndiyeno kuyeza kutalika kukweza madzimadzi. Kenako, capillary wina aikidwa mu madzi sopo, kenako zochotsa kutalika chimaonekera madzimadzi. Chinthu σ mukhonza kuwapeza chilinganizo chogwirizana:

σ = ρgdh / 4

Kenako kulinganizidwa koefishienti ya mavuto padziko amitundumitundu zakumwa.