Mwachidule Wambiri Tsiolkovskogo Konstantina Eduardovicha. Muzipereka kwa sayansi, mabuku, mfundo zosangalatsa

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, amene atulukira adzipangira chopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha sayansi ndi mbiri ndi chidwi osati mawu mwa zinthu zake - wasayansi wamkulu, ndi Soviet katswiri omveka dziko, woyambitsa ndi kulimbikitsa malo kufufuza malo kufufuza. Amadziwika monga mapulogalamu a chitsanzo mzinga, kugonjetsa danga.

Ndani - Ziolkowski?

Mwachidule Wambiri ya Tsiolkovsky ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha kudzipereka ndi kulimbikira ngakhale mavuto moyo.

Wasayansi tsogolo anabadwa pa September 17 1857 pafupi Ryazan, m'mudzi wa Izhevsk.
Atate, Edward Ignatievich, ntchito ngati nkhalango, ndipo mayi anga - Maria Ivanovna, anachokera ku banja wamba zazing'ono, anatsogolera banja. zaka zitatu atabadwa tsogolo wasayansi banja lake chifukwa mavuto kuntchito pa mavuto bambo ake anasamukira ku Ryazan. Koyamba maphunziro Constantine ndi abale ake (kuwerenga, kulemba, ndi ndizosowa masamu) chinkhoswe mayi.

zaka wamng'ono Tsiolkovsky

Mu 1868 banja anasamukira ku Vyatka, pamene Constantine ndi mng'ono wake anakhala ophunzira a Ignatius zolimbitsa thupi. Maphunziro kunapatsidwa kwa zovuta, chifukwa chachikulu ichi chinali ugonthi - zotsatirapo za fever, mwanayo anavutika ndi zaka 9. Mu chaka chomwecho panali imfa waukulu kwa banja Ziolkowski: akufa wokondedwa mchimwene Constantine - wotchedwa Dmitry. Patapita chaka chimodzi, zonse mwadzidzidzi, ndipo asakhale amayi. Banja tsoka anali kungasokoneze maphunziro awo Mafupa kusiya kwambiri anayamba patsogolo ugonthi wake makamaka olekanitsidwa achinyamata anthu. Mu 1873 Tsiolkovsky sukulu. The zambiri iye konse anaphunzira ankaona maphunziro Namkungwi awo, chifukwa mabuku mowolowa manja anawapatsa chidziwitso ndi konse kanthu mlandu. Panthawi imeneyi, munthuyo anachita chidwi kwa sayansi ndi luso zinthu, ngakhale anamanga kunyumba lathe.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky: Chidwi Mfundo

Pa zaka 16 ndi wofatsa bambo Konstantin dzanja, kukhulupirira mu luso la mwana wake, anasamukira ku Moscow, kumene anayesayesa kulowa School of Engineering. Kulephera sanali kuswa mnyamata, ndipo anakhala zaka zitatu paokha anaphunzira sayansi ya zakuthambo, zimango, umagwirira, masamu, kulankhulana ndi ena ntchito thandizo kumva.

chilichonse achinyamata Chertkovsky tsiku anafika laibulale; n'kumene iye anadziwa Fedorov Nikolai Fedorovich - mmodzi wa omwe adayambitsa cosmism Russian. Munthu uyu mwapadera m'malo mwa mnyamata aphunzitsi onse pamodzi. Moyo ku likulu la Tsiolkovsky sanali mtengo kwambiri, pambali ndalama zake zonse zimene anakhala pa mabuku ndi zida, choncho mu 1876 anabwerera Vyatka, pamene anayamba kupanga maphunziro apaderawo ndi pandekha mu sayansi ndi masamu. Atabwerera kunyumba Tsiolkovsky chifukwa ntchito mwakhama ndi zovuta utachepa masomphenya kwambiri, ndipo iye anali atavala magalasi.

ophunzira anabwera kwa Tsiolkovsky, amene wakhazikitsa lenilenilo monga mkulu khalidwe mphunzitsi anapita mofunitsitsa kwambiri. Mphunzitsi khalidwe la maphunziro ntchito njira anayamba ndi iye, mwa amene anali wooneka bwino kwambiri. Kwa maphunziro Masamu Tsiolkovsky anali kupanga pepala zitsanzo za polyhedra ndi ophunzira imachitika zatsopano mu sayansi. Tsiolkovsky waweruzidwa ulemerero wa mphunzitsi kufotokoza mfundo zomveka, chinenero Kufikika: powaphunzitsa zonse zakhala zosangalatsa. Mu 1876, Ignatius anafa - mbale wa Constantine, amene anali nkhonya zazikulu kwambiri wasayansi lapansi.

moyo wasayansi

Mu 1878 Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky ndi banja lake zinasintha malo ake okhala mu Ryazan. Kweneko iye bwinobwino anapambana mayeso chifukwa dipuloma mphunzitsiyo ndipo ndinapeza ntchito mu Borovsk sukulu mzinda. Mu sukulu ina chigawo, ngakhale mtunda wautali ku madera aakulu a sayansi, Tsiolkovsky mwachangu imachitika kafukufuku m'munda wa aerodynamics. Iye anaika maziko a chiphunzitso kayendedwe mpweya, kutumiza Russian Physico-Chemical Society zilipo deta analandira yankho ku Mendeleev kuti anapeza lidalengedwa ndi kotala zapitazo.

Young wasayansi kwambiri anadabwa chochitika ichi; talente yake moganizira ku St. Petersburg. Vuto lina lalikulu imene maganizo a Tsiolkovsky, anali chiphunzitso cha balloons. Wasayansi zachitika Baibulo yakeyake kamangidwe ka ndegeyo, yodziwika ndi chipolopolo woonda zitsulo. maganizo awo Tsiolkovsky azifotokoza ntchito 1885-1886 gg. "Chiphunzitso ndi zinachitikira zibaluni lapansi."

Mu 1880 Tsiolkovsky anakwatira Sokolovoy Varvaroy Evgrafovnoy - mwana wamkazi wa mwini chipinda umene wakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali. ana Tsiolkovsky ku ukwati: ana a Ignatius, John, Alexander ndi mwana Sophia. Mu January 1881 anamwalira bambo Konstantini.

Mwachidule Wambiri ya Tsiolkovsky anatchula chinthu zoipazi mu moyo wake, monga moto mu 1887 kuti anawononga chirichonse, zigawo, ndi zojambula, chuma zinazake. Iye anapulumuka chabe makina osokera. chochitika zinandipweteka katundu kwa Tsiolkovsky.

Moyo Kaluga: yonena mwachidule Tsiolkovsky

Mu 1892 anasamukira Kaluga. Pamenepo analinganiza kuti ntchito monga mphunzitsi ndi masamu Masamu, ikufanana kuchita astronautics ndi aeronautics, anamanga mumphangayo imene ikuchitika ndi ndege. Ndi mu Kaluga Tsiolkovsky analemba mabuku akuluakulu pa malo zamoyo, chiphunzitso cha ndege zosagwiritsa ndi mankhwala, mu kufanana kupitiriza ntchito pa chiphunzitso cha dirigible zachitsulo. Ndalama zawo Tsiolkovsky analenga za zana zitsanzo osiyana ndege mayeso. Omwe ndalama kafukufuku Constantine sikunali kokwanira, kotero iye analembetsa thandizo la ndalama kuchokera Physico-Chemical Society, amene sanali anaona kofunika ndalama kuthandiza wasayansi. Tsatirani uthenga wa zatsopano bwino Tsiolkovsky akadali kulimbikitsa Physico-Chemical Society kum'patsa 470 rubles anakhala ndi asayansi chifukwa cha kutulukira bwino kuuluka bwino potsatira njira yotulukira.

Kuwonjezeka chidwi kuphunzira Konstantin Tsiolkovsky danga. 1895 zinali zodzaza ndi kufalitsa mabuku Tsiolkovsky "Maloto a dziko lapansi ndi kumwamba", ndipo chaka chotsatira, anayamba ntchito pa buku latsopano "Space kufufuza mwa injini ndege," amene anali lolunjika injini roketi, kayendedwe Katundu danga ndi maonekedwe a mafuta.

Lolemera mzaka zana makumi awiri

Yambani latsopano, mzaka zana makumi awiri, zinali Constantine lolemera: kupitiriza zofunika ndalama kafukufuku wa sayansi si allocated, mwana wake Ignatius anadzipha mu 1902, patatha zaka zisanu ku kusefukira kwa mtsinje zinachitika madzi anasefukira nyumba ya sayansi ndi anawonongedwa zakale zambiri, nyumba ndi kuwerengetsera wapadera. Zinaoneka ndi Tsiolkovsky anakhazikitsako mbali zonse za chilengedwe. Mwa njira, mu 2001 sitima Russian "Konstantin Tsiolkovsky," panali amphamvu moto kuti anaononga chirichonse mkati (monga 1887 pamene wasayansi anatentha nyumba).

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mwachidule Wambiri ya Tsiolkovsky limafotokoza kuti zosavuta moyo asayansi anayamba mkubwela kwa mphamvu Soviet. Russian anthu okonda mirovedeniya penshioni wakhala allocated kwa izo, pang'ono njala. Ndipotu Socialist Academy sanatenge wasayansi kuti tithe ake mu 1919, motero n'kumusiya popanda n'zodalirika a. Mu November 1919 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky anamangidwa, ku Lubyanka ndi anamasulidwa patapita masabata ochepa chifukwa cha pempho la membala mkulu phwando. Mu 1923, iwo sanakhale mwana wina - Alexander, anasankha okha kufa.

Kukumbutsidwa Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, boma la Soviet m'chaka chomwecho, pambuyo buku la G. Obert - German sayansi - za injini danga kuyenda ndi roketi. Nthawi imeneyi, zikhalidwe za Soviet miyoyo wasayansi asintha kwambiri. utsogoleri Soviet nakokera chidwi cha maphunziro ake onse, wapereka zinthu yabwino kwa ntchito Mubalane, musankhe munthu penshioni munthu moyo.

Iye anafa Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, amene atulukira adzipangira chopereka zikuluzikulu maphunziro malo kufufuza mu mbadwa zake Kaluga September 19, 1935 khansa m'mimba.

Zikayenda Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

Zomwe waukulu Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky - woyambitsa wa cosmonautics - pamoyo wake wonse, ndi izi:

• Chirengedwe cha woyamba mu dziko kuuluka bwino potsatira njira zasayansi ndi mphepo mumphangayo.
• Development wa njira kuphunzira katundu kuuluka bwino potsatira njira ya ndegeyo.
• ntchito oposa mazana anayi pa chiphunzitso roketi.
• Ntchito pa kulungamitsidwa wa kuthekera ulendo mlengalenga.
• Kupanga dera lanu injini chopangira mphamvu.
• Ulaliki wa chiphunzitso okhwima a ndege zosagwiritsa ndi umboni za kufunikira kwa ntchito maroketi ulendo danga.
• Kulengedwa anakwanitsa ndi zibaluni.
• Kupanga chitsanzo zitsulo airship.
• Ganizo kuyambira Roketi limbikitsa bwino ntchito pa nthawi ino m'magulu angapo Launch roketi.