"Pinocchio," "The mphepo yamkuntho," "Twister," "Mvula ya mkuntho": a dongosolo salvo. Kufotokozera ndi makhalidwe

Chifukwa cha kusiyana akukhala mbali zosiyanasiyana za zowonetsera TV dziko zonse ukufalitsidwa malipoti a hotspot makamaka. Ndipo nthawi atamva chokhumudwitsa nkhondoyo, imene mwachangu kumafuna machitidwe osiyanasiyana angapo Launch roketi (MLRS). Munthu ayi osiyana ndi asilikali kapena usilikali, n'zovuta kuyenda m'njira zosiyanasiyana mitundu yonse ya zida za nkhondo, kotero m'nkhani ino ife kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane wamba mu msewu za makina imfa, monga:

• Lolemera ognemotnaya dongosolo pa m'munsi mwa thanki (CBT) - angapo Launch roketi dongosolo "Pinocchio" (kawirikawiri ntchito, koma chida kwambiri zothandiza).
• Angapo Launch roketi machitidwe (MLRS) "Grad" - ankagwiritsa ntchito zida zoopsa.
• Modernize ndi kusintha "mlongo" MLRS "Grad" - zotakasika machitidwe ananyoza-moto (MLRS) "mphepo yamkuntho-G" (yomwe media ndi nzika wamba nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Mvula ya mkuntho" ntchito mu galimotoyo nkhondowo galimoto ya galimoto, "Mvula ya mkuntho").
• Angapo Launch roketi dongosolo (MLRS) "mphepo yamkuntho" - chida champhamvu ndi utali wozungulira lalikulu la kanthu, ntchito kumenya pafupifupi cholinga chilichonse.
• Zomwe ziribe analogues mu dziko, wapadera, kuchititsa mantha ndi ntchito chonse kuwonongedwa kwa angapo dongosolo Launch roketi (MLRS) "Twister."

"Pinocchio" ku nthano zoipa Fairy

Mu ndi kutali 1971, mu USSR, okonza za "Design Bureau of Transport Machinery" ili Omsk, naperekanso mwaluso wina wa gulu lankhondo lamphamvu. Zinali lolimba ognemotnaya dongosolo la ananyoza moto "Pinocchio" (TOSZO). Chilengedwe ndipo anayamba kusintha ognemotnogo lamavutoli anali wachinsinsi monga "pamwamba chinsinsi". Development inatenga zaka 9, ndipo mu 1980 dongosolo nkhondowo, umene uli mtundu wa tandem T-72 akasinja ndi Launcher ndi othamanga 24, pomaliza ovomerezeka komanso kwa Zikuchititsa onyamula zida za Soviet Army.

"Pinocchio" ntchito

TOSZO "Pinocchio" ntchito anachita kuwotcha dala ndiponso kuwonongeka ndithu:

• zida mdani (kupatula oti muli nazo zida);
• mkulu-nyamuka nyumba ndiponso ntchito zina zomanga;
• nyumba zosiyanasiyana chitetezo
• anthu oti.

MRL (TOC) "Pinocchio": kufotokoza

Monga angapo Launch roketi machitidwe "Grad" ndi "Uragan" TOSZO "Pinocchio" anagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ku Afghanistan ndi wachiwiri Chechen nkhondo. Malinga ndi deta ya 2014, monga makina nkhondo ndi asilikali a Russia, Iraq, Kazakhstan ndi Azerbaijan.

angapo Launch roketi dongosolo, "Pinocchio" ali makhalidwe:

• Kulemera CBT ndi uthunthu wonse wa nkhondowo ndi 46 matani.
• M'litali "Pinocchio" - 6,86 m, m'lifupi - 3,46 m, kutalika - mamita 2.6.
• likungosonyeza zipolopolo ndi 220 mm (22 cm).
• Ntchito kuwombera maroketi kusalankhula, amene sakhoza ankalamulira pambuyo chikalata.
• Ambiri kuwombera mtunda - makilomita 13,6.
• M'dera pazipita choipa akatha ananyoza - mahekala 4.
• Chiwerengero cha milandu ndi njanji - zidutswa 24.
• Zipangizo ananyoza anachita ku zashuga kudzera moto njira yapadera kulamulira monga chida chopezera laser osiyanasiyana ndipo m'maso kachipangizo mpukutu, ndi kompyuta ballistic.
• Zipolopolo kumaliza ROSZO Nditakhala bursts anachita ndi zoyendera komanso pochita (TRV) makina 9T234-2 chitsanzo ndi Crane ndi chipangizo Komatsu.
• Thamangani "Pinocchio" Anthu 3.

Monga Tingaone makhalidwe, ananyoza limodzi lokha la "Pinocchio" limatha kusintha mahekala 4 chimoto Woyaka. Chidwi mphamvu, si choncho?

Chamvula mu mawonekedwe a "Castle"

Mu 1960, okhawo wa USSR kwa kupanga launchers angapo roketi ndi zida zina zoopsa NGO "aloyi" anapezerapo ntchito ina chinsinsi, ndipo anayamba kukhala zatsopano pa nthawi imeneyo pansi pa dzina la MLRS "Grad". Kusintha kwa zaka 3, ndi Soviet Army MLRS anabwerera mu 1963, koma kuti sanaletse kuwongolera izo, mpaka 1988.

"Grad" ntchito

Monga MLRS "mphepo yamkuntho" launchers angapo roketi "Grad" wakhala pa nkhondo zotsatira zabwino kuti, ngakhale "ukalamba" wake, apitiriza kukhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito lero. "Castle" ntchito ntchito wokondwa chidwi kwambiri:

• mabatire zida zankhondo;
• aliyense zida za nkhondo, kuphatikizapo oti muli nazo zida;
• anthu oti;
• posts lamulo;
• nkhondo ndi mafakitale zipangizo;
• Anti-ndege kachitidwe.

Kuwonjezera pa asilikali a boma latsopano la Russia, kachitidwe ka zotakasika ananyoza moto "Grad" ali mu utumiki wa pafupifupi maiko onse a dziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo pafupifupi maiko padziko lonse. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha magalimoto nkhondowo wa mtundu uwu mu US, Hungary, Sudan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Vietnam, Bulgaria, Germany, Egypt, India, Kazakhstan, Iran, Cuba, Yemen. kachitidwe ananyoza-moto Ukraine muli mayunitsi 90 "Castle".

MLRS "Grad": kufotokoza

Angapo Launch roketi machitidwe "Grad" ali ndi makhalidwe awa:

• Kulemera onse a MLRS "Grad", nkhondo ndi ukompletovannoy onse projectiles - matani 13.7.
• Utali MRL - mamita 7,35, m'lifupi - mamita 2.4, kutalika - 3,09 m.
• likungosonyeza zipolopolo ndi 122 millimeters (pang'ono kuposa 12 cm).
• Ntchito kuwombera maroketi likungosonyeza kunayambitsa 122 mm, komanso shrapnel kabotolo projectiles kuphulika, mankhwala, incendiary ndi utsi warhead.
• Kuwombera MLRS osiyanasiyana "Grad" - kuchokera makilomita 4 mpaka 42.
• M'dera pazipita choipa akatha ananyoza - mahekitala 14.5.
• Chiwerengero cha milandu ndi njanji - zidutswa 40.
• salvo wina wakulanda masekondi 20 okha.
• Full mlandu kutengerapo MRL "Grad" kumatenga pafupifupi 7 Mphindi.
• A dongosolo zotakasika ali kufalitsidwa malo ndi mphindi oposa 3.5.
• Recharging ndi MRL n'chotheka ntchito makina zoyendera adamulamulira.
• pamaso chitakwaniritsidwa mwa mfuti panorama.
• Thamangani "Castle" Anthu 3.

"Grad" - dongosolo la launchers angapo roketi, makhalidwe amene mu nthawi yathu ndi mphambu apamwamba usilikali. Pakuti nthawi zonse linakhalapo icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu nkhondo Afghanstan, mu kumenyana pakati Azerbaijan ndi Nagorno-Karabakh, mu nkhondo ziwiri Chechen, pa nkhondo ya ku Libya, South Ossetia ndi Syria, komanso mu nkhondo yapachiweniweni mu Donbass (Ukraine), kunabuka 2014 chaka.

Chenjezo! Kupemphera "mphepo yamkuntho"

"Mphepo yamkuntho-G" (monga tanenera, ndi MRL limatchedwa olakwa "Mvula ya mkuntho", kotero kuti mayiko, apa ndi maina awiri) - dongosolo la ananyoza moto, yomwe ndi Baibulo modernized wa MLRS "Grad". Pa chilengedwe cha wosakanizidwa wamphamvu ameneyu ntchito kapangidwe akatswiri mbewu "Fusion". "Development inayamba mu 1990 ndipo zinatha zaka eyiti. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kuthekera ndi mphamvu ya dongosolo zotakasika chinaonetsedwa mu 1998 pa nthaka maphunziro pafupi Orenburg, kenako anaganiza kutali patsogolo MRL. pofuna kupeza zotsatira zake zomalizira, kutukula akweza "mphepo yamkuntho-G" ( "Mvula ya mkuntho") patadutsa zaka 5. dongosolo ananyoza-moto wakhala amatamanda mikono ya la Russia mu 2013. pa mfundo imeneyi nthawi imeneyi nkhondo mamita Galimoto yekha mu utumiki ndi Russian "mphepo yamkuntho-G" ( "Mvula ya mkuntho") -. Dongosolo salvo, umene uli wapadera kulikonse.

"Mphepo yamkuntho" ntchito

MLRS ntchito ku nkhondo kufafaniza zolinga monga:

• zida zankhondo;
• mitundu yonse ya zida ya mdaniyo;
• nkhondo ndi mafakitale zipangizo;
• antiaircraft maofesi.

MLRS "mphepo yamkuntho-G" ( "Mvula ya mkuntho"): Kufotokozera

"Mphepo yamkuntho-G" ( "Mvula ya mkuntho") - dongosolo la launchers angapo roketi, omwe chifukwa cha mphamvu analimbitsa a zipolopolo, osiyanasiyana yaitali kwambiri ndipo anamanga-mu dongosolo Kanema malangizo amene anaposa otchedwa "mlongo wamkulu" wake - MLRS "Grad" - 3 zina.

Features:

• Kulemera MRL mu lonse ndi matani 15,1.
• Utali "mphepo yamkuntho-T" - mamita 7,35, m'lifupi - mamita 2.4, kutalika - mamita 3.
• likungosonyeza zipolopolo ndi 122 millimeters (12.2 cm).
• MLRS "mphepo yamkuntho-G" ndi chilengedwe chonse kuti, popanda zipolopolo zofunika MLRS "Grad", mungagwiritse ntchito mbadwo watsopano wa yolimbanirana ndi detachable nkhondowo zinthu chokhala, wodzazidwa ndi zikuphulika zinthu limodzi, komanso zipolopolo mkulu-zachiwawa.
• Osiyanasiyana malo anawomberedwa m'mikhalidwe yabwino ndi makilomita 100.
• M'dera pazipita anawonongedwa akatha ananyoza chimodzi - mahekitala 14.5.
• Chiwerengero cha milandu ndi njanji - zidutswa 40.
• pamaso imagwiridwa mwa actuators angapo hayidiroliki.
• salvo wina anachita masekondi 20.
• Imfa Makina wokonzeka kugwira ntchito kwa mphindi 6.
• Yowotcha imagwiridwa kudzera kutali Unit (Du) ndi makina kwathunthu dongosolo moto ulamuliro atakutidwa mu cockpit lapansi.
• Adalira - 2 anthu.

Olusa "mphepo yamkuntho"

Ngati mmene zinachitikira ndi anthu ambiri MRL, nkhani "mphepo yamkuntho" inayamba mu Soviet Union, ndipo makamaka mu 1957. "Abambo" MLRS "mphepo yamkuntho" anali Ganichev Alexander Nikitivich ndi Kalachnikov Yuri Nikolaevich. Komanso, woyamba cholinga dongosolo palokha, ndipo wachiwiri anayamba kumenyana makina.

"Mphepo Yamkuntho" ntchito

MLRS "mphepo yamkuntho" lakonzedwa kuti aswe zolinga monga:

• mabatire zida zankhondo;
• aliyense zida mdani, kuphatikizapo oti muli nazo zida;
• wamoyo mphamvu;
• mitundu yonse ya pomanga;
• odana ndi ndege chida kachitidwe;
• mwatsatanetsatane mivi.

MLRS "mphepo yamkuntho": kufotokoza

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, "Mphepo Yamkuntho" linagwiritsidwa ntchito nkhondo Afghanstan. Kunanenedwa kuti Mujahideen kuopa kukomoka kuti MRL ndipo anapereka dzina zoopsa ake - "Shaitan-chitoliro".

Komanso, angapo dongosolo Launch roketi, "Mphepo Yamkuntho" makhalidwe amene amayambitsa asilikali ulemu, anapita kusiyana mu South Africa. Izi ndi zimene asilikali spodviglo Afrika kuti zikuchitika MLRS lapansi.

Pa nthawi imeneyi MRL kutumikira m'mayiko monga: Russia, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Czech Republic, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Poland, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Yemen, Kyrgyzstan, Guinea, Syria, Tajikistan, Eritrea, Slovakia.

angapo roketi launchers "mphepo yamkuntho" ali makhalidwe:

• MRL Kunenepa kwathunthu yodzaza ndi okonzeka - matani 20.
• Kutalika kwa "mphepo yamkuntho" - 9,63 m, m'lifupi - mamita 2.8, kutalika - 3.225 mamita.
• likungosonyeza zipolopolo ndi 220 mm (22 cm). Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo ndi monolithic mkulu-zachiwawa warhead, ndi zigawo mkulu-kuphulika, ndi odana ndi thanki ndi odana ndi ogwira migodi.
• Kuwombera osiyanasiyana makilomita 8-35.
• The pazipita chotupa m'dera akatha ananyoza - mahekitala 29.
• chiwerengero cha milandu ndi zii - 16 zidutswa nokha atsogoleri amatha atembenuza madigiri 240.
• salvo wina wachita masekondi 30.
• Full recharging MLRS "mphepo yamkuntho" kumatenga 15 Mphindi.
• Kulimbana makina zipita kuwombera udindo mu mphindi 3 chabe.
• Recharging ndi MRL zimatheka pamene zimavuta ndi TK-makina.
• Kuwombera zachitika kapena pogwiritsa ntchito kunyamula mphamvu ya kutali kapena kuchokera cockpit lapansi.
• The gulu la anthu 6.

Komanso angapo roketi launchers "Smerch", "Mphepo Yamkuntho" ntchito mu malo aliwonse ankhondo, komanso ngati pamene mdani amagwiritsa ntchito zida zoopsa, bacteriological kapena zida za mankhwala. Komanso, zovuta amatha ntchito nthawi iliyonse, mosaganizira za nyengo ndi kutentha kusinthasintha. "Mphepo Yamkuntho" wokhoza kuchita nawo bwino nkhondo onse ozizira (-40 ° C), ndipo pamene yotopetsa kutentha (+ 50 ° C). Kopita MLRS "mphepo yamkuntho" analengezedwa mwa nyanja, mpweya kapena njanji.

Legacy "Smerch"

Roketi launchers angapo "Smerch", makhalidwe amene ali opambana zonse MRL alipo mu dziko, unakhazikitsidwa mu 1986 ndi mu utumiki magulu ankhondo a USSR mu 1989. Mu makina amphamvu imfa lero palibe analogues chilichonse cha dziko.

"Mphepo yamkuntho" ntchito

MRL Izi kawirikawiri ntchito, makamaka chifukwa kuwonongedwa kotheratu:

• mabatire zida zankhondo a mitundu yonse;
• mwamtheradi aliyense zida za nkhondo;
• anthu oti;
• malo kulankhulana ndi posts lamulo;
• zomangamanga, kuphatikizapo usilikali ndipo mafakitale;
• pachimake maofesi.

MLRS "Smerch": kufotokoza

MLRS "Smerch" amapezeka asilikali a Russia, Ukraine, UAE, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Algeria, Venezuela, Peru, China, Georgia, Kuwait.

angapo roketi launchers "Smerch" ali makhalidwe:

• Kulemera MRL ndi kukhazika ndipo nkhondowo vuto - matani 43,7.
• Kutalika kwa "Chimphepo" - 12.1 m, m'lifupi - 3,05 m, kutalika - mamita 3,59.
• zipolopolo likungosonyeza ndi chidwi - 300 millimeters.
• Ntchito kuwombera maroketi limodzi ndi Integrated kasamalidwe wagawo ndi galimoto zina zikusintha mlandu malangizo kwa cholinga. Cholinga cha zipolopolo angakhale osiyana: kuchokera kugawikana kwa kutentha ndi anzawo.
• Distance yowotcha MLRS "Twister" - kuchokera makilomita 20 120.
• M'dera pazipita choipa akatha ananyoza - mahekitala 67,2.
• Chiwerengero cha milandu ndi njanji - 12 zidutswa.
• salvo wina anachita masekondi 38.
• Mokwanira retrofitted MRL "Twister" zipolopolo kumatenga pafupifupi mphindi 20.
• Pofuna zochuluka "Smerch" ndi wokonzeka munthu pazipita 3 Mphindi.
• Kuchira MRL kokha anakumana ndi TK-makina okonzeka ndi Crane ndi chipangizo adzapereke.
• The gulu la anthu 3.

MLRS "Twister" - ichi ndi chida changwiro zoopsa kuti akhoza ntchito iliyonse zinthu kutentha, usana ndi usiku. Komanso, zipolopolo za zipolopolo MLRS "Smerch", kugwa vertically, potero mosavuta kuswa rooftops ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Kuzemba "Smerch" kuli kovuta, MLRS amayaka ndi kuwononga chirichonse mu utali wozungulira ake kanthu. Ndithudi, izi si mphamvu ya bomba la nyukiliya, koma amene ali ndi "mphepo yamkuntho", mwini dziko.

Ganizo "mtendere wa dziko" - ndi loto. Ndipo malingana ngati pali MRL, mumangire ...