Transnistrian asilikali: kukula, zikuchokera

Kutha kwa Soviet Union anali ndi magazi. Chiwerengero cha mayiko a, atangomwalira ankatengedwa mlongo, ambiri amapereka lingaliro la kulekana kwa mayiko odzilamulira mu chiyembekezo kuti moyo zidzakhala zosavuta, waphindu ndi osasamala. Mphamvu m'mayiko ambiri anangofika kumene nationalists wokwezeka luso kumachita ngati mbali ya demokalase ndi otchedwa "azungu asintha."

Kenako anayamba kumenyana kumene kunachitika mu Soviet Union ndi pa nthawi yomweyo, kuti ndi ena zosokoneza. Iwo zingaoneke otchedwa mikangano interethnic, koma iwo si wochepa ndi mwazi nkhondo m'deralo. Ine sindikufuna kukhala padera ndi bata ndi mtendere Moldova. utsogoleri mabwalo a waganiza kukhazikitsa boma mgwirizano mphamvu popanda kutenga nkhani zina za chitukuko mbiri ya dziko. Mosiyana ndi ulendo asilikali pali asilikali Transnistrian, mu nthawi yochepa wakhala kothandiza kwambiri m'chigawo, ndi bwino amaipidwa nkhondo. Ndipo izo ziri lero, pafupifupi kotala zaka?

History of Moldova ndi Transdniestria

Popeza nthawi ya Dacia Moldova sanali boma mwayekha. Ambiri a gawo panopa a 1940 achifumu Romania, ndi maphunziro dziko mu Soviet Ukraine ali yekha ufulu wa kudziyimira pawokha. Pambuyo malamulo awiri nyimbo m'manja mwa boma la USSR, boma Romania wapereka njira kwa Bessarabia lonse, kusonyeza nzeru zina. Apo ayi, Red Army, mosakaika, adzakhala ndi mphamvu ntchito kukuza malire a USSR. Kumayambiriro June 1940, VII gawo la USSR Council Supreme mwalamulo anakhazikitsa SSR Chimoludaviyani monga mbali ya boma onse a m'banjamo. The MSSR m'gulu 6 wakale Romania zigawo ndi 6 SSR zigawo kale anapanga mabwalo yoyenda yokha MASSR. Nkhondo itatha, malire Moldova zinalimbikitsa, koma pang'ono chabe. N'zochititsa chidwi asintha 50 TH - TH 80 zikuchokera mtundu wa anthu a midzi Tiraspol ndi Bendery asamuka akatswiri ndi anapuma asilikali a ku zigawo zina za USSR. Panthawi yovuta ya nkhondoyo ambiri a iwo anapanga utangoyamba asilikali a Transnistria.

Nainte-choyamba chaka

Mu 1991, pambuyo polandirira msonkho wa ufulu wa dziko, zinadziwika kuti mbali yaikulu ya anthu Moldova kulota reunification ndi Romania. Mu lingaliro ili ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa m'munsi mbiri, kuphatikizapo bodza abale ananena kotani pakati pa mitundu iwiri, European chachikulu, ndipo wina, ang'onoang'ono wina. Mokomera chiphunzitso ichi anati, ndi abwino pafupifupi zinenero, misa ambiri ankati chipembedzo, ndi kufanana kwa miyambo yambiri. Komabe, panali wina. anthu okalamba kukumbukira kuti wachifumu Romania Moldovans kuchitiridwa monga mtundu wa zolengedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, gawo lomwe inali ntchito pa munda.

Komabe, lingaliro wakhala anagwira maganizo ndi Bungwe la Supreme kwambiri kuthana ndi funso la kusakanikirana zotheka, ngakhale kufufuza ngati iwo akufuna kuti "m'chimwene wamkulu" kugwirizana nawo a "wamng'ono". Zonsezi zinachititsa chakuti anthu a Dubossary, Tiraspol ndi Bender anasonyeza kusagwirizana kwawo ndi Maphunzirowa anathamangitsa ndi boma la Republic of Moldova ndipo analenga Pridnestrovian Republic Chimoludaviyani. Izi latsopano formations quasi boma amamuonera misampha yonse ya nkhani mfumu ya malamulo adziko lonse lapansi, de jure si chotero. Ndipotu Transnistrian ankhondo (ndiye ankatchedwa Republican Alonda) unakhazikitsidwa September 24, 1991. Posachedwapa iye amayenera kumenya.

nkhondo

Pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, June 19, 1992, boma la Moldova anaganiza kubwezeretsa kukhulupirika Kupititsa Molanda. The zipolowe woyamba unachitika mu Dubossary mu March 1991, ndipo tsopano anali kunja kwa mzinda wa Bender. Kukana kuti apolisi Moldova ndi mayunitsi ya zachitetezo anapereka Transnistrian asilikali kwenikweni detachment ongodzipereka ankhondo, mbali omwe anafika ku dera adatsutsana za Cossack mayunitsi. Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha kumbali anathandiza akuvutika ambiri mwa anthu wamba ndi khalidwe lotayirira la mbali pomenyana. 14 Russian asilikali Transnistria sanatenge nawo, koma armories ake anatengedwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa TMR Sun Chifukwa cha zaka za nkhondo anali zikwi akufa mbali zonse, ndi stalemate kutsogolo. Wina kufuna oyamba mokakamiza amalowerera "chikondi cha dziko" Ndiyeno, mu 1992, anasonyeza mpheto wathunthu ntchito ya asilikali kumenyana militias ndi anthu amapereka mwa anthu. Phunziro m'tsogolo sanapite monga "ntchito" akupitiriza lero.

mtsogoleri woyamba

Alonda Republican analengedwa motsogoleredwa ndi asilikali katswiri wa sukulu Soviet, kodi atsogoleri onse a asilikali Transnistria. The oyamba anali mkulu kazembe Republican Alonda msilikali SG Borisenko, kenako Stefan Kitsak, msirikali wakale wa Afghanistan, amene anatumikira kale 14 zamnachshtaba asilikali. Zinali iye amene analenga dongosolo la asilikali ndipo anakhala woyamba ntchito chinkhoswe. M'dzinja 1992, malo Minister silikhali m'malo ndi S. G. Hazheev komanso kwambiri oyenerera Ofisala, amene anapereka moyo wake kutumikira mu Soviet Army. Motsogozedwa wake, anali reorganized asilikali a mabwalo yosadziwika, zomwe zinachititsa kuti asilikali Transnistrian anakhala zedi mphamvu kuposa nkhondowo imapanga ayenera mdani zazikulu dera, ngakhale kuti iye ali ndi zida zitsanzo zida lotha opangidwa mu USSR. Panopa, asilikali a Moldova, ndi wodzichepetsa kukula ndi zida, anasiya anayesa njira nkhondo vuto malo.

mdani kuthekera

Romania asilikali Transnistria sanali pa nkhondo, koma kuthandiza mapulani a "kumasulidwa kampeni" akapitawo a dziko lino, n'kutheka kuti, komanso odzipereka anafika. Mu zaka kuyambira m'chilimwe nkhondo ya 1992, maphunziro mu maiko NATO ndi Russia akhala alonda ambiri a asilikali ankhondo a Moldova. The chifukwa cha maphunziro Komabe, otsika, kuyambira armament, ndi zoona pa kutaya asilikali dziko ndi chinthu chakale. The safanana chachikulu cha anthu lamulo imatengedwa kuti ndi sukulu asilikali Alexandru cel bun mu Chisinau. Moldova National Army (US) awiri mitundu ya mphamvu (dziko ndi mpweya), ndodo yake anayi ndi theka asilikali zikwi. M'gulu US lagawidwa magulu atatu:

- "Moldova" (Balti).

- "Stefan cel Mare" (Chisinau).

- "Dacia" (Cahul).

Komanso asilikali Moldova akulowa okhazikitsa mtendere battalion (22th), amene "pitani" pafupifupi onse amene atumikira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi (okwana posungira chaka).

Moldova asilikali akasinja mmenemo, ndege ndi Helicopters amene timapemphera m'malo yophiphiritsira.

Nthambi Kapangidwe alipo dzuwa PMR

Chidwi nkhani onse akuyang'ana Transnistrian ankhondo, amene anawerenga anthu 7.5 zikwi. Zigawo yotentha ndi usilikali ndipo mgwirizano mfundo. Kapangidwe ka gulu zambiri amatikumbutsa Moldova, ndi dera minofu ndi mafupa dislocation. Brigades (magulu) zili anayi mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri (Tiraspol, Bendery, Dubossary ndi Rybnitsa). Aliyense wa iwo - atatu battalions makina oyenda, zimene pamapeto, amapangidwa ndi m'magulu anayi. Komanso timu umalowa batire matope ndi platoons osiyana (ndi zomangamanga ndi aya). Chiwerengero cha aliyense magawano - za imodzi ndi theka asilikali zikwi.

Akasinja ndi zida zankhondo

Gwero PMR zikho manja zitsulo yotentha nkhondo ya 1992, omwe analibe nthawi kuti mupewe asilikali chilili Transnistria. Akasinja mitundu itatu (T-72, T-64B ndi T-55), kuchuluka kwawo okwana pafupifupi kukhala zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, koma mkhalidwe wawo wabwino, malinga ndi akatswiri, zosaposa 18.

Lolemera zida zankhondo alinso mu kapangidwe kake 40 machitidwe BM 21 "Grad" mfuti khumi atatu ndi howitzers ndi mortars wa calibres zosiyanasiyana, ZSU "Shilka" ndi kudzikonda injini mfuti.

Kuwonjezera pa zida yolemera pa kutaya asilikali PMR ndi njira yaying'ono cha chiwonongeko atsimikizira ogwira pa mikangano ya zaka zapitazi - MANPADS ( "Mivi Yanu", "singano", "Arc"), RPG (7, 18, 22, 26, 27) ndi Lng-9. Pofuna magalimoto oti muli nazo zida (zomwe Moldova ali pafupifupi ayi, kupatula BMP ndi BMD) tinapangidwa odana thanki motsogozedwa mivi "Fagot", "Baby" ndi "Mpikisano".

ndege

Mfundo yakuti Transnistria ali mpweya yake mphamvu, anthu amafanana parades unachitikira pa tchuti, imene nzika za Pridnestrovie atsimikiza asilikali. Zikuchokera ndi luso zombo Komabe, wodzichepetsa kwambiri. ndege ochepa chabe ndi Helicopters, 29 iwo waweruzidwa antchito a AN-2 ndi AN-26 anapangidwa kuti katundu ndi zoyendera kapena ankafika parachutists (VDV likupezeka), ndi masewera Yak-18.

Mu zikhalidwe za nkhondowo ano asilikali kulimbikitsa mwachindunji mwina rotorcraft, komanso nyengo Soviet, amene Komabe, akadali mu utumiki m'mayiko ambiri - ndi Mi-24, Mi-8 ndi Mi-2.

Pankhani ya Air Force yokhala Moldova chikulira, ali pansi kuukira ndege-interceptor MiG 29 Komabe, anawasiya pang'ono, makamaka bwino. Ambiri a magalimoto Soviet asilikali tagulitsidwa kunja.

otetezedwa

Pali mbali ina yofunika imene amasiyana mphamvu kwambiri zida za Moldova ndi Transnistria asilikali. PMR chiwerengero likhoza vuto achuluke kuposa tenfold chifukwa yolimbikitsa ya reservists. Chiwerengero cha retraining ya akapitawo, ndi amuna katundu, komanso malipiro awo umachitika nthawi zonse, ndipo ambiri a iwo usilikali safuna kuti kuzemba, kuphatikizapo anthu amene waudindo m'boma. Komanso, pali osiyana Cossack Regiment, gulu la Utumiki Mkati ndi KGB. Osiyana battalion wapadera "Delta" ndi "Dniester" n'zochititsatu akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino wina wachokera ku polisi amenenso ankaona kuti osankhika. Yerekezerani - ndi yolimbikitsa ambiri Moldova malo pafupi anthu zikwi zana, ngakhale outflow nzika ku dziko ndi mkulu, ndi kuunikira izo bwinobwino zovuta, onse quantitatively ndi qualitatively. Fizi ndi kuphunzitsa reservists mu dziko wakhala nawo kwa zaka zambiri.

chiyani Russian mu Transnistria?

Asilikali Russian mu Transnistria kunayamba mu 1992 monga mbali ya asilikali okhazikitsa mtendere. Anthu wamba moni monga apulumutsi awo, ndipo ngakhale mwachindunji asilikali ankhondo a asilikali sanali nawo, koma chigonjetso cha Transnistria kwakukulukulu alitcha iwo. Ngati, pamaso pa kugwa kwa Soviet 14 Army anali heavy-ntchito nyundo wamphumphu, koma lero pafupifupi kwathunthu kuchotsa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia. Chiwerengero cha asilikali Russian mu Transnistria panopa osati proveschal asilikali zikwi zitatu ndi zikwi za anthu wamba wamba. A chiwerengero kwambiri a iwo m'deralo amene anatenga nzika lumbiro ndi Russia. Kodi iwo akuchita ndi wotani utumiki?

peacekeepers

Okhazikitsa mtendere battalion pano mu Transnistria ndi lamulo OSCE zikuphatikizapo 335 Russian servicemen. Kupatula izi, kulamulira anzake a zinthu ikuchitika ndi nthumwi ya zachitetezo ya Moldova (anthu 453), PMR (490 pers.) Ndipo openyelela ku Ukraine (10 pers.).

Pa nthawi yonse imene yapita kuyambira kumayambiriro zoni nkhondo okhazikitsa mtendere mphamvu, si choncho wosakwatiwa wa ntchito zida, palibe munthu mmodzi anaphedwa.

The ochepa kapangidwe ndi ntchito zake ndi mosamalitsa kusakonda kukangana lalikulu kwa ankalengeza Moldova, ndipo posachedwapa, Chiyukireniya nationalists zonena chikhalidwe ankati aukali wa Russian pamaso m'chigawochi.

Security yosungirako № 1411

Russian asilikali Transnistria amachita ntchito ina yofunika. Suli kutali uko kuli mudzi wa Rybnitsa Kolbasna kuti adzakhala kuthetsa unremarkable ngati pamalo ake si ili wokhala zipolopolo zofikira dera mahekitala 130. Pali mabomba, zipolopolo ndi zina zambiri katundu asilikali kuchotsedwa ku Eastern Europe ndi kusungidwa kwa kale. Kulemera okwana mabomba ali zipolopolo, oposa 20 kilotons, ndiye mphamvu pafupi ndi bomba la atomiki "Kamnyamata" Hiroshima. Kodi kuchita ndi katundu yoopsa lero, palibe aliyense akudziwa. zinthu yosungirako kuvutika ndi kudutsa chaka, muli ndi zambiri anawonongedwa. Nambala yomweyo kale chitakonzedwa, koma nthawi ndiye anali wamtendere.

83rd ndi la 113 la osiyana alonda Moto ndi 540th battalion za kasamalidwe ndi chitetezo sikuloledwa kuchitika ngozi yoopsa.

Kodi yotsatira?

Lero, Transnistria ndi Mzere yopapatiza m'dziko sandwiched pakati pa mayiko a adani, Moldova ndi Ukraine, makamaka ananena anatseka misewu ya mabwalo yosadziwika. Imeneyi, onani PMR asilikali tcheru mkulu. Azinyadira koma zachipolowe mfuti dera la USSR kale, koma chindiletsa mphamvu imodzi yokha - mtendere. A ulendo wachiwiri kwa cigawo Transnistria ndi Moldova kungayambitse mavuto aakulu. Funso la momwe angathe ntchito ndi PMR asilikali lero si kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu - kupewa nkhondo konse.