Chilombo: Mankhwala, zizindikiro

Matenda a melanoma ndi chotupa chachikulu chomwe chimayamba kuchokera ku melanocytes. Chotupacho chimakhudza khungu nthawi zambiri, kawirikawiri - retina wa diso, ubongo, mucous membranes. Kufala kwachilendo ku khansa ya khansa (odwala 70%).

Matendawa ndi owopsa kwambiri pa zotupa zonse zowopsa, mphezi imayambira m'magawo angapo a khungu ndikufalikira kwa ziwalo zina. Choncho ndi kofunika kudziwa matenda a melanoma mwamsanga. Ngati nthendayi ikhala ikukula mofulumira, kusintha mawonekedwe kapena mtundu, kupsa mtima ndi mwayi wopempha mofulumira kwa oncologist. Matenda a melanoma amadziwika kwambiri.

Chotupacho chingasokonezenso retina ya diso, zizindikiro zikufotokozedwa motere: kugwa kwa chiwonetsero cha maso, kusintha kwa mtundu wa diso, kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa diso , kuoneka kwa zilonda, kutuluka kwa magazi, maonekedwe a nodal. Chilonda cha diso chimapezeka mu 5-7% mwazirombo zonse za pigment. Kawirikawiri, pamene mukuyang'ana limba, kansalu kakang'ono ka khansa kamene kamatengedwa kuti kamvekedwe kake.

Melanoma - chithandizo cha matenda

Njira yolimbana ndi matenda imadalira njira yake ya chitukuko. Ngati khansa ya khansa ikupezeka, chithandizochi chimayikidwa mwamsanga.

Gawo I. Panthawiyi, chotupacho sichitha kupitirira epidermis ndipo chimachiritsidwa ndi chisokonezo cha opaleshoni.

Gawo II. Panthawi imeneyi ya matenda, pamodzi ndi chotupacho, khungu lenileni labwino limachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati dokotala akudandaula kuti ali ndi vutoli, chiwopsezo chikuchitika. Ndi zotsatira zabwino zoyesera, ziwalo zonse zam'mimba zimatulutsidwa. Mankhwala ena (alpha-interferon kapena mankhwala ena) angapangidwe.

Gawo lachitatu. Amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a mitsempha pa nthawi ya matenda. Chithandizo cha opaleshoni cha khansa imayambitsa matenda a mitsempha. Thandizo la interferon limalola kuchepetsa kubwerera. Matenda onsewa amachotsedwa (ngati wodwalayo amapezeka ndi khansa zambiri zamagazi). Ngati njira ya opaleshoni siingagwiritsidwe ntchito, kuyambitsa katemera wa BCG kapena kukonzekera kwa interleukin-2 mujekeseni ya katemera. Pamaso pa khansa ya khansa ya m'magazi, puloteni yake yokhayokha imachitidwa. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamadera okhudzidwa, chemotherapy ndi immunotherapy.

Gawo IV. Melanoma, mankhwala omwe sali ochepa pa njira zopaleshoni, kupereka metastase ku maselo akutali kapena ziwalo. Kukhalitsa kwathunthu pa sitejiyi ndi kovuta kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi opaleshoni ndizotheka kuchotsa zotupa zambiri. Mankhwala othandizira ma ARV, immunotherapy kapena chemotherapy amathandizanso.

Chemotherapy odwala omwe ali ndi gawoli la khansa ya khansa ndi yosafunika komanso yaifupi. Kaŵirikaŵiri, dacarbazine ndi temozolomide amalembedwa.

Immunotherapy imatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito interferon, interleukin-2, ipilimumab ndipo amalola kuti nthawi yayitali ya wodwala ikhale yaitali panthawiyi.

Kwa odwala ena, ngakhale panthawi imeneyi ya matendawa, pakhoza kukhala chithandizo chabwino kuchipatala, chomwe chimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi ya moyo.

Njira za mtundu wa khansa ya khansa

Ngati khansa ya khansa ikupezeka, mankhwalawo angaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala am'malamulo (poyambira kaye kwa dokotala yemwe akupezekapo).

Mwachitsanzo, pochiza matendawa, kugwiritsa ntchito aconite tincture kumathandiza. Pochiza chomera ichi, munthu sayenera kuiwala za poizoni wake. Kaŵirikaŵiri mlingo waukulu wa mankhwalawa ndiwekha ndipo umadalira chisamaliro cha wodwalayo.

Chithandizo chodalirika kwambiri cha mankhwala a khansa ya khansa ndi birch makungwa opangira mankhwala, komanso mitundu yambiri ya zitsamba (mwachitsanzo, nsomba zofiira, hyssop, angelica mizu, zipatso za coriander). Komabe, mankhwala oterewa sangalowe m'malo mwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo!