Kumeza: wakupha chinsomba, kapena ozindikira?

Anthu, orca chinsomba ali yemweyo wakuda ndi woyera mbiri, komanso mtundu wa khungu lake. Ambiri kuzitcha izo nyama banja Delphinidae chinsomba-wakupha (wakupha zinsomba). Russian alenje nyanja tathanthauzira mfumu ya nyanja pa kum'mamatira wake oposa, ngati scythe ndi chipsyepsye - "wakupha chinsomba", ngakhale mu Chirasha mabwalo sayansi anamutcha iye "wakupha." The Latin dzina limene adamupatsa Linnaeus, zikumveka ngati Orcinus orca. nyama zimenezi mwachinsinsi kwambiri, koma asayansi amene zikugwira iwo amati zinsomba modabwitsa wanzeru, nyama chikhalidwe, koma ndi tetchy wake. Posts ngati kudya anali chopambanitsa pachabe.

Wakupha zinsomba zimapezeka m'nyanja onse ndi nyanja, kupatulapo mkati. Iwo amakonda madzi ozizira mvula. Anthu, chimphona wakhala kudziwika kwa nthawi yaitali. Wake anafotokozedwa koyamba Pliniy Starshy (zana la 1 AD): "Ichi ndi chiphiri chachikulu cha thupi, zida ndi mano mwakhanza, mkuntho zinsomba ena, amene amamenyana nawo, napyoza ngati nkhosa ankhondo." Inde, ngakhale kuti wakupha ndi otsika kukula kwa chinyama yaikulu pa dziko - buluu chinsomba, iye mopanda mantha akuukira ngakhale iye.

Makulidwe wakupha chinsomba ndi chidwi. akazi kufika kutalika mamita asanu ndi kulemera matani anayi, ndipo amuna ndi mamita oposa 10 ndipo tonnes 8. Kukula modzichepetsa madona saletsa nawo Kwera: m'magulu a wakupha zinsomba akulamulira matriarchy kwambiri. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti amuna ndi zaka konse amayi awo, pamene mwana wamkazi wa akuyesetsa ukalamba, nthawi zina kusiya banja lakwawo ndi zina ziwalo zina kuyamba paketi latsopano. Mitu ya mabanja okalamba 'matriarhinya "otsala ana, zidzukulu, nephews ndi aakazi. Amayembekezeka kukhala ndi moyo kwa amuna - zaka 50, ndipo akazi a moyo wake ankacheperachepera - avareji zaka 75.

Wakupha chinsomba ali mlingo wochepa kwambiri kubadwa. Akazi kwa zaka makumi atatu alibe chidwi ndi anyamata, ndi zaka 40-50 ali ndi chidwi izi atayika. zaka 10-15, imene kumatenga yogwira nthawi yobereka, akazi umabala si lalikulu kwambiri kuchuluka kityat chifukwa mimba kumatenga miyezi 16. Pang'ono osachepera theka la ana onse amwalira akamafika zaka. Nkhosa nthawi zonse pa mtendere. Never chinaoneka kumenyera wamkazi kapena wamwamuna, anthu athanzi kuthandiza odwala ndi okalamba. Ngakhale kumene sukulu osiyana konse kuyambitsa kusiyana nyama kapena dera. Kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean angathetsedwe wakuda kwathunthu (melanistic) ndi woyera (albino) anthu amene si gulu la amatulutsa "nkhosa wakuda".

Orca ndi kwa mano 40 mpaka 48 m'litali mpaka masentimita 12. Amapha wakupha chinsomba, kusonyeza luso lalikulu ndi njira luso loganiza bwino. paketi akhoza munzere mu mzere, mzati, kupita flanks lapansi. Ntchito kukhumba hering'i gulu, anamgumiwa zimadya ku mbali zosiyana kusindikiza nsomba mbale, ndiyeno yambani hammering pa mchira zake, nsomba zidzasintha. Pamene nyama pops mmwamba, phwando akuyamba. Orcas akhoza 'kutuluka "pa dziko, kutsetsereka pa mimba yake pa gombe kapena ayezi kuti akakole zisindikizo ndi zisindikizo holidaymakers. Ngati zinsomba kuwona kuti pa madzi oundana yaing'ono kapena pinnipeds ndi anyani, kwangokhala "kugwedezeka", kumenya mutu wake pa ayezi floe. Banja lililonse lalikulu ali zokonda zawo mu chakudya: ena kusakasaka shoals hering'i, ndi ena - chifukwa pinnipeds.

Per munthu kuukira wakupha chinsomba kawirikawiri okhaokha adziteteze. M'chere zokhala m'malo owetera, iwo anadziyesa monga nyama mosavuta akuweta ndi luso luso. Tsopano mu Aquarium wa dziko lili pafupifupi 60 mitundu. Mu ukapolo, woyamba kubadwa shorthead mu 1985 (Florida). Popeza 1946, anayamba kuteteza wakupha chinsomba, koma m'mayiko ena, monga Japan, kupitiriza kusaka wakupha chinsomba.