Mwachidule yonena Ili Ilicha Mechnikova: mbiri ya moyo, zinthu, zomwe wakwaniritsa ndi mbali ya ntchito

Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich, yonena (mbiri ya moyo) N'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri - Russian embryologist, ndi immunologist ndi mabakiteriya. sayansi iyi wapereka ife ndi zinthu zambiri zofunika mu sayansi. Mu 1908 iye anali kupereka mphoto ya Nobel mu Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa kapena Medicine Prize. Komabe, ichi ndi chimodzi chabe mwa zinthu zina zambiri Ili Ilicha. Mwachidule yonena Ili Ilicha Mechnikova aitane inu moyo ndi kupezedwa lofunika zimene asayansi awa.

Ile Iliche anamva za zoweta ndi achilendo zamoyo, immunology ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa. Swordsmen kugwira ntchito bwino ndi monga nyama ndi monga embryologist ndipo monga dokotala wodziwa za vutoli ndi. Iye ni mmodzi wa omwe adayambitsa embryology chisinthiko. Komanso, iye akutchedwa atulukira chimbudzi okhudza maselo ambiri ndi phagocytosis, ndi zambiri. Zonsezi zoposa mokwanira ambiri a inu mukhoza kukhala ndi chidwi yonena mwachidule Ili Ilicha Mechnikova.

Magwero a sayansi tsogolo

Iye anabadwa mu mudzi wa Ivanovka (pafupi Kharkov, Ukraine) mu 1845. bambo ake anali mkulu wa Tsarist mphamvu apolisi Ilya Ivanovich, amene anatumikira ku St. Petersburg. Musanayambe kwa Manor Chiyukireniya, munthu uyu anataya makadi mbali yofunika kwambiri malowolo mkazi ndi katundu banja. Emiliya Mechnikova (nee - Nevakhovich) anali mayi wa Ili Ilicha. Bambo wa mkazi uyu anali wolemera Ayuda wolemba Lev Nevahovich. Emilia chinathandiza kuti mwana wake wotsiriza wa ana asanu, anasankha utumiki wasayansi.

Maphunzilo ku Lyceum ndi University of

Mwachidule yonena Ili Ilicha Mechnikova ananena kuti kuyambira ali mwana anali ndi chidwi mbiri achilengedwe. Tsogolo Scientist anaphunzira zabwino Kharkov Lyceum. Pa zaka 16 Mechnikov analemba nkhani yomwe inali kuperekedwa kwa Kutsutsa buku la nthaka. Inasindikizidwa mu magazini ya Moscow. Titamaliza ulemu ku sekondale (mu 1862), Ilya Ilyich anaganiza nyamulani kuphunzira dongosolo cha ndende. Iye anapita izo mu University of Wurzburg. Yololera maganizo, Ilya Mechnikov anapita ku Germany. Iye sankadziwa ngakhale kuti milungu pokhapokha 6 kuyambitsa ntchito. Kamodzi mumzinda chachilendo yekha popanda chidziwitso cha German, Ilya anaganiza zobwerera ku University of Kharkov. Iye anabweretsa kumasulira German m'buku la "The Origin of Species Kudzera Natural Kusankha 'ndi Charles Darwin. Swordsmen, mutawerenga buku lino, ndinayamba kutsatira za zamoyo zinachita kusintha.

Woyamba kutsegula Mechnikov

Ilya Ilyich anamaliza Kharkiv 4 wazaka maphunziro zaka 2. Kale bwino kapangidwe ka nyama m'munsi (thonje, mphutsi invertebrates zina), Ilya Mechnikov anazindikira kuti zamoyo zambiri wotukuka kwambiri, malinga Darwin, mu dongosolo ayenera kukhala kuyandikana ndi wodzichepetsa, anthu amene makolo awo. peresenti embryology panthawiyo anali bwino olemera kuposa embryology wa invertebrates. Ilya Mechnikov anatha 3-chaka kuphunzira m'dera pang'ono kufufuza. Iye anapita ku madera osiyana a Europe: anafika pafupi. Helgoland mu Nyanja North, mu zasayansi wa R. Leuckart pafupi Frankfurt, ku Naples, kumene ntchito ndi Aleksandrom Kovalevskim, mnyamata Russian katswiri. Ntchito, kumene iwo asonyeza kuti nyama multicellular nyongolosi zigawo ndi magazi (loukitsa zawo ndi zofanana), monga chiyenera kukhala mitundu zokhudza magwero ofanana, wabweretsa asayansi umafunika ke Von Baer. Pa nthawiyi, Mechnikov ndinangowasiya zaka 22. Chifukwa voteji lalikulu pa nthawi imeneyi anayamba kuononga maso anga. Mechnikov nkhawa malaise izi kwa zina zaka 15. Zinkamunyansa ntchito ndi maso a.

maphunziro digirii, nkhani ndi nawo ulendo wa

Pambuyo kuteteza nkhani yolembedwa wake pa embryonic chitukuko cha nsomba ndi nkhono, umene unachitika mu 1867, analandira digiri wake Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich. Mwachidule yonena za moyo wake, amagwirizana ndi likulu Russian, monga iye kumbuyo pa St. Petersburg University ndipo anayamba kuphunzitsa kuno thunthu poyerekeza ndi zinyama. zaka 6 Ankakamba nkhani ku yunivesite. Ndiye Ilya Mechnikov membala wa maulendowa anthropological. Pamodzi ndi ofufuza ena, iye anapita ku Nyanja Caspian, mu malo okhala a Kalmyks. Cholinga cha ulendo wa - anthropometric miyezo, kulola zikuphatikizapo Kalmyks kwa mtundu Mongoloid. Mechnikov kubwerera mu Odessa anasankhidwa pulofesa wothandizira a University Novorossiysk.

Moyo Odessa ndi kupita Italy, atulukira phagocytes

Odessa, yomwe ili pa Nyanja Black anali malo aakulu kufufuza ya nyama zam'madzi. Ophunzira ankakonda Ilyu Ilicha, koma kukula zipolowe zokhudza ndale ndiponso ku Russia pa nthawi oponderezedwa wasayansi.

Mu 1881, pambuyo kuphedwa kwa Alexander Wachiwiri, walimbikitsa zochita reactionary a boma latsopanolo. Anatsanzika Mechnikov anasamukira ku Italy (Messina). Apa, pamene iye anati, atacita yojambula zochitika zawo kafukufuku. Mechnikov anakhala dokotala wodziwa za vutoli. Mwadzidzidzi kusintha moyo wake chifukwa kutsegula kwa Ili Ilicha kuzipenya wa mphutsi za starfish ndi. Wasayansi ananena kuti maselo motile zamoyo yozungulira thupi yachilendo, kenako kuyamwa iwo. A chodabwitsa ofanana zimawonedwa mu kutipo yotupa m'thupi la munthu. Ngati thupi achilendo ndi laling'ono mokwanira, zosokera maselo (phagocytes Mechnikov anawaitana) kwathunthu kuwaphunzira newcomer.

chiphunzitso Mechnikov

Mechnikov sanali oyamba kuzindikira kuti maselo oyera ndi nyama kudya zamoyo kuti alowerera malire awo, monga mabakiteriya. Komabe, iwo ankakhulupirira kuti anaona mayamwidwe njira yakeyo ntchito yogawa thupi la zinthu zachilendo kudzera m'thupi. Ilya Ilyich unachitikira mfundo zina. Zimene zikuchitika, iye anayang'ana kupyolera mu maso a embryologist ndi. Mobile phagocytes mu starfish mphutsi sitimangotseka kuyamwa chinthu chatsopano. Iwo kuwononga zimakhala zina pamene thupi sipafinikanso iwo. leukocytes anthu ndi phagocytes starfish embryological magazi, chifukwa iwo onse amachokera ku mesoderm lapansi. Kuchokera pamenepa, asayansi anapeza kuti, ngati phagocytes, maselo oyera kuchita ntchito ukhondo kapena zodzitetezera. Ndiye Ilya I. anasonyeza bwanji maselo amenewa amakhala akungoyendayenda mandala utitiri madzi.

Metchnikoff kenako kulemba matenda, monga amanena, nkhondo pakati pa thupi ndi phagocytes tizilomboto analowa kuchokera kunja. Komabe, zaka lingaliro Ili Ilicha si anazindikira asayansi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ambiri, zinali lililonse m'mbiri ngati otchuka monga Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, mbiri. Asayansi Great zambiri samvetsera asayansi, ndipo pamatenga nthawi kuti maganizo awo anali choyenera kuzindikira. Mwanjira imeneyi, Mechnikov ngakhale mwayi - mautumiki ake waife ndi mphoto ya Nobel Prize, ngakhale sakhala pomwepo. Koma zambiri zimachitika kuti kutchuka kwa anthu otchuka amabwera atamwalira.

Bwererani ku Odessa

Mechnikov mu 1886 anabwerera ku Odessa. Anayamba kuyenda Institute Bacteriological, kumene bungwe. Apa wasayansi ndi kufufuza zotsatira za phagocytes anyani, akalulu ndi agalu pa tizilomboto amene amayambitsa relapsing malungo ndi erysipelas. antchito ake komanso ntchito kukhala katemera ndi tizilombo ta matenda nkhosa ndi nkhuku kolera. Mechnikov anali kulimbana ndi newspapermen, amafuna zotengeka, komanso ndi madokotala a m'derali adamnenera Iye kusaphunzira thanzi. Mu 1887, Ilya Ilyich anaganiza zochoka kachiwiri Russia. Mwachidule yonena Ili Mechnikova wakhalako ku likulu French.

Moyo Paris, anapitiriza kuphunzira za phagocytes

Mu Paris anakumana ndi Lui Pasterom. French wasayansi anamufunsa wopita kwa zasayansi latsopano kutatha pa Institute Pasteur. Pa zaka 28, Mechnikov ntchito apa, kupitiriza kufufuza phagocytes.

Mechnikov ntchito anapanga Paris, anapanga zopereka zazikulu zingapo zimene atulukira zofunika kwambiri zokhudza chikhalidwe cha zimene cha m'thupi. Zhyul Borde, wophunzira Ili Ilicha wasonyeza zimene ntchito pa chiwonongeko cha tizilombo ting'onoting'ono masewero womuyenerera (a mankhwala opezeka mu seramu zachilendo). Chimawapangitsa kuti atengeke phagocytes.

maganizo ena Mechnikov

Pamene lingaliro la ntchito ya maselo oyera ndi kufunika phagocytosis wakhala mwachilungamo ofala immunologists anayamba kukhala ndi maganizo ena Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. Mbiri deta sayansi pa ikuphatikizapo angapo mfundo zosangalatsa. Makamaka, analankhula ndi vuto la ukalamba ndi imfa. Mechnikov lofalitsidwa mu 1903 bukhu la "orthobiosis", ndiyo mphamvu kumakhala moyenera. ntchito amatchedwa "Nature of Man". Akuti za kufunika kwa zakudya, komanso kufunika kokhala ndi kuchuluka zakudya mkaka, makamaka yogurt, thovu ndi Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Dzina Ilya Mechnikov unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi njira otchuka kwa zotsimikizira yogurt. Njira anakhala malonda bwino, koma wasayansi ndalama iliyonse chifukwa chotulukira wake sanalandire.

Mwachidule yonena Ili Mechnikova amalembedwa chochitika kwambiri mu 1908. Izo zinali ndiye kuti ntchito yake pa chitetezo chokwanira, iye anali kupereka ya Nobel Prize chifukwa Medicine ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa Prize. Ake ali pamodzi Paulo Ehrlich ndi Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, microbiologists. Wambiri Ili Ilicha anapitiriza zochitika mu moyo wake.

Personal moyo Mechnikov

Mu 1869, wasayansi anakwatira Lyudmila Fedorovich, odwala chifuwa chachikulu. Banjalo analibe ana. Pamene mkazi wake anamwalira zaka 4 Patapita Mechnikov zodzipha potenga morphine. Pamene ankagwira ntchito University Odessa, mu 1875, anakumana Olga Belokopytova, 15 wazaka wophunzira, ndipo mkazi. Pambuyo iye anadwala tayifodi, Ilya Ilyich kachiwiri ankafuna kudzipha, tsopano ndi wothandizila jekeseni wa relapsing malungo. Komabe, n'kovuta atadwala, anachira. Komanso, matenda ochepa mtima woipa kwambiri khalidwe la sayansi iyi, komanso chifukwa bwino masomphenya. Mu Mechnikov ndi mkazi wachiwiri analibe ana. Komabe, makolo anafa Olga, Mechnikovs zitsulo patronize alongo atatu ndi abale ake awiri.

Imfa ya wasayansi wamkulu

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov: yonena ntchito banja - zonsezi, ife mwachidule akufotokozedwa. Imangokhala yokha kunena kuti Ilya Mechnikov anafa July 15, 1916, Paris, pambuyo pa mndandanda wa matenda a mtima. Choncho, anakhala zaka 71.

Choncho, yonena mwachidule Ili Ilicha Mechnikova anayambitsa inu kwa zikhomo za moyo wake ndi zomwe zofunika kwambiri. Kodi amafuna kukhala ubwenzi ndi wasayansi wamkulu? Akuyeneradi Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich. Mwachidule mbiri ndi bwino osakwanira phunziro la umunthu ndi maganizo a wasayansi wa ukulu uwu. Osati mu dziko lathu koma padziko lonse ali ndi ulamuliro Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. Biographies madokotala, ngakhale wotchuka kwambiri, ndi kawirikawiri akhoza kupikisana naye zofunika.