Madzi utitiri: malongosoledwe a mitundu, malo okhala, kudyetsa makhalidwe ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Minute crustacean Daphnia analandira yotchuka wachiwiri dzina utitiri madzi kufanana kwake kwa tizilombo, ndipo amatha leaps. Koma kupatula kuti, alibe nazo izo ziri. Kwa. Kodi oimira magulu osiyanasiyana kwathunthu.

Features ya kapangidwe kunja

Daphnia - wotchuka wa m'banja ndi ambiri Daphniidae. Kusenda izi chamoyo bicuspid, ndi ngowe awiri pa kumalekezero a thupi ndi sphericity makina diso, amene lotengeka ndi magulu atatu a minofu oculomotor. Daphnia thupi chimaonekera ndipo amalola kuti amaona zonse zimene zikuchitika mu thupi lake. Ngakhale kuchepetsa pang'ono m'minofu crustacean mukuonera maso ngati akufuna.

Features ya kapangidwe mkati

Ngakhale kukula kwake diminutive, thupi ndi wokongola zozizwitsa madzi utitiri. Kufotokozera za mtundu taonera zingapo zochititsa chidwi mu dongosolo lake mkati. Impso Daphnia ali pafupi pakamwa, ubongo - pafupi ndi kum'mero ndi mtima - kumbuyo kwa torso ndi. Magazi chikasu lili maselo magazi woyera - phagocytes, zomwe kuteteza thupi ngati n'koyenera crustacean ku mabakiteriya, nkhungu ndi zamoyo yachilendo.

Madzi utitiri ali awiriawiri asanu miyendo, koma iwo ali kwambiri kayendedwe ka, koma malangizo a otaya madzi pakamwa pake, chimene iye osasankhidwa pamaso pa zakudya. Kupuma mwachindunji m'thupi chimakwirira.

Kufalitsa ndiponso kukhala malo

Daphnia zili ponseponse pafupifupi onse pa dziko lapansi. Ambiri a iwo mu sub-kotentha ndi M'madera a zitunda kotentha. Kwenikweni, madzi utitiri amakhala ku matupi patsogolo madzi (nyanja mchere, mitsinje ikuyenda pang'onopang'ono), komanso m'madamu. Kuchulukana mofulumira, akhama kwambiri moti nambala yake ndi waukulu ndithu. Kodi ambiri mu ndime madzi, amakwawa kapena kudumpha chimachititsanso pamodzi pansi (chifukwa miyendo thoracic).

Daphnia yotentha kusambira kudya, koma pamene mavuto - amaundana. Ngakhale dziwe limene ili, ndi youma, ndiye iwo anabwerera ku moyo mwamsanga monga anadzadzidwanso.

Ambiri daphnia - ndi zamiyendo Inayi, koma palinso adani. Madzi utitiri recycles timayandama, bowa, tizilombo lawola zotsalira za minofu nyama akachoka ogwirira ikuluikulu.

Mitundu yofala

Daphnia banja ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Only mu Europe ndi North America ndi kunyumba kwa mitundu pafupifupi 150 wa nkhanu. Mu Russia, koma makamaka zofala, ena mwa iwo - Magna, puleks, kukulata, Galeata, Crest. Iwo ndi moyo matupi osiyanasiyana madzi.

Yaikulu madzi utitiri - Daphnia Magna. Female ali kutalika 6 mm, aamuna katatu zochepa. kusasitsa nthawi Daphnia wakhanda kumatenga masabata awiri. The wamkazi amaikira mazira aliyense masabata awiri (za zitatu dazeni mazira). Choyamba, ana ali tosaoneka kukula. Koma ndiye kukula mwachangu. Kukhala mtundu uwu miyezi itatu.

mtundu wina wamba - ndi Daphnia puleks. Oimira iye pang'ono zing'onozing'ono - anayi millimeters akazi, amuna ndi kawiri monga zochepa. Iwo ali wakhama kwambiri - panja mazira khumi zimachitika kamodzi asanu alionse. Kukhala utitiri awa madzi ndi yaitali - moyo mkombero kungakhale kwa miyezi imodzi ndi theka. Izo zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zikhalidwe za kukhalako. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kutentha amachepetsa moyo chifukwa chakuti kumawonjezera kagayidwe wa nkhanu.

kubalana

Madzi utitiri ndi lachonde kwambiri. daphnia onse dzira-kuika lagawidwa dzinja ndi chirimwe. Mazira m'nyengo zina za nthawi ndi makhalidwe awo. Mwachitsanzo, m'nyengo yozizira ya zomangamanga, iwo ataphimbidwa ndi chipolopolo wandiweyani ndipo ndi ochepa (2 mayunitsi), ndi m'chilimwe pali zambiri. mbali zonsezi chifukwa nyengo yaitali ndi moyo, ndi kukhalapo kwa amuna. M'chaka, pamene anthu a amuna ndi otsika, Daphnia mazira kuoneka ndi akutsatiridwa popanda umuna. Mazira ndi umuna ndi amuna, anachedwa kamodzi pachaka - mu kugwa. Pa moyo wake mkombero wamkazi angathe kubereka nthawi 25.

Daphnia kuvulaza anthu

Ngakhale kuti utitiri Daphnia madzi wotchedwa, ubale kwa kulumidwa izo ziribe kanthu kochita. Komabe kuvulaza anthu zingachititse. Chirichonse kwambiri allergenic. Izi zimachitika chakuti pa ziwawa zomera maluwa, kutenga mungu umalowa mu madzi, muli Daphnia, ndipo iwo nawonso profiltrovyvaya akhoza mumpanda kwambiri mungu particles. Ndiye, pamene zouma nkhanu, mungu adakali ndi zingachititse aakulu thupi lawo siligwirizana mu thupi la munthu, chomwe nthawi zambiri kolakwika kwa utitiri kuluma madzi.

Zizindikiro ziwengo kawirikawiri wamba - kutupa kwa conjunctiva la diso (conjunctivitis), maso madzi, kawirikawiri sneezing, kuchulukana m'mphuno ndi vuto kupuma.

Nthawi zina amaoneka ngati zidzolo pa thupi limodzi ndi kuyabwa kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa Daphnia munthu

Nawonso utitiri ndi chilengedwe chakudya Aquarium nsomba. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, iwo ali zimaŵetedwa ku nyumba.

Ndikofunikira kuti akakole Daphnia mu madzi patsogolo, ndi kupereka iwo ndi moyo pafupi ndi masoka. Kugwira nkhanu wofunika malo kumene pang'ono kapena mulibe nsomba monga pakalibe ogwirira Daphnia kwambiri ndi zokayikitsa kuti iwo wokanthidwa matenda aliwonse.

Terms of kuswana

utitiri madzi mu Aquarium ndi asungike madzi limene iwo akukhala, chifukwa wapampopi madzi si chakudya chimene amadya. Kuyenera khutu ku kusankha ma CD imene nkhanu adzakhala uli. Ndithudi, zipangizo monga mwachitsanzo polypropylene, anakumana ndi madzi akhoza zimatulutsa zinthu zoipa, ndipo Daphnia chabe kufa.

Zili mu zikhalidwe Aquarium Daphne ayenera kwambiri kuwala. Mu chipinda bwino anayatsa, amasangalala ndi kubereka wabwino. Komanso, utitiri sangakhoze kulekerera ubwenzi. Pamene kuchulukitsa mofulumira, muyenera nthawi zonse kutsimikiza kuti mipata yokwanira ndi nthawi kusamutsa mbali ya utitiri madzi Aquarium wina. Izi zingathe kufotokozedwa ndi chakuti nkhanu ali tcheru kwambiri kusowa mpweya ndi kufa msanga, kuti adzalandira zochepa.

aquarists ambiri amene kawetedwe daphnia, kuti zakudya zabwino - yisiti ndi wophika mkate. Only kudyetsa daphnia kusamala - ngati inu kutsanulira chakudya kwambiri, madzi turbid, mpweya ndiponso nkhanu udzakhala wokwanira. Pa Aquarium malita asanu kuchuluka kwa yisiti wofanana kukula kwa machesi mutu. Iwo ayenera akuyambitsa mu supuni ya madzi ndi pang'onopang'ono kutsanulira mu Aquarium ndi. Komanso chakudya nkhanu ndi wobiriwira algae, kuphatikizapo Euglena wobiriwira ndi Chlorella.

M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti kutentha kwa muyenera ena. Malinga ndi kunena kwa akatswiri ochokera madigiri 22 mpaka 25. Ndi zinthu izi awonjezere utitiri madzi mu dziwe la thupi lachibadwa madzi.

M'pofunika kuteteza sati abwera liti madzi ndi kusintha madzi (a wachitatu wa buku okwana) wa osachepera kawiri sabata limodzi kapena.

Nkhanu Daphnia mwangwiro osasankhidwa madzi mabakiteriya. Choncho, aquarists ambiri ayipangira iwo madzi - zilibe pachimake ndi yaitali amakhala oyera.

Koyamba, zingaoneke kuti daphnia kuswana kunyumba - ichi ndi yolemetsa kwambiri, nthawi yambiri ndondomeko. Komabe, izi nkhanu - chaka chonse chilengedwe choyera chakudya cha mitundu yambiri ya nsomba (monga juveniles ndi akulu).

madzi Bloch amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuipitsidwa ndi chilengedwe kusintha kapangidwe kake amaayoni (sodium wochuluka, magnesium, calcium ndi zina zotero). Pachifukwa ichi kuti nkhanu Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kudziwa khalidwe la madzi (madzi ndi madzi kuchokera malo lotseguka).