Erlih Paulo: chopereka kwa sayansi

Erlih Paulo - otchuka padziko lonse German wasayansi ndi dokotala, anapambana 1908 Nobel Prize chifukwa cha ntchito yake m'munda wa immunology. Pamodzi anali sayansi ndi mabakiteriya. Iye anakhala woyambitsa wa mankhwala amphamvu.

Paulo Ehrlich: yonena

mnyamata anabadwa March 14, 1854 mu Stshelene m'banja, wopangidwa mwa anthu asanu: Makolo ndi ana anayi. Komanso, iye anali mwana wamng'ono ndi mnyamata chabe. Atate Paulo anali munthu wolemera, monga zimatengera distillery ndipo anali wotsogolera alendo. ana onse anakulira kugwilizana kwambiri ndi zikhalidwe za miyambo ya Ayuda. Ndili wamng'ono mwanayo anakhala chidwi ndi mbiri zachilengedwe, ndipo uko kunali kuyamba wodzichepetsa mwa ntchito zake zazikulu.

Wotchuka Karl Veygert (a msuweni wa mayi wake) zingathe chitukuko cha chidwi zachipatala ndi sayansi achinyamata Paulo. Mnyamatayo anali mu Breslau sukulu, kenako anapitiriza maphunziro ake ophunzitsa zachipatala. Ophunzira, Erlih Paulo anapeza ntchito m'chipatala Berlin.

Chiyambi cha njira sayansi

maphunziro ake choyamba imachitika pa maselo wamng'ono wasayansi magazi, kudetsa iwo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi luso. Chifukwa cha zatsopano wake, anapeza njira zosiyanasiyana leukocytes, mafupa anasonyeza kufunika kwa mapangidwe maselo a mwazi ndi mlongoti anapezeka minofu connective.

Chifukwa kudetsa Paulo Ehrlich, ndi chithunzi chimene inu mukhoza kuwona m'nkhani ino, anakhoza kukhala ndi njira yawoyawo kudziwika mabakiteriya TB, zomwe zinakhudza kwambiri ndondomeko Kupeza Vuto matenda odwala.

Kulingalira sayansi

Kudetsa maselo, wasayansi wamng'ono waona chochititsa chidwi kwambiri anatulukira mankhwala, zomwe mukopedwe tsogolo lake zina. Robert Koch ndi Louis Pasteur - asayansi, zochokera pa ntchito imene Erlih Paulo ndi kuika patsogolo chiphunzitso chakuti ya kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Popeza akadali wosadziwa wophunzira, mnyamata kuwerenga buku poyizoni patsogolo, omwe sakanakhoza kusiya maganizo mnyamatayo pa mpumulo. Mu phunziro limeneli, iwo anati kuti, kulowa m'thupi, kutsogolera amasonkhana ziwalo zina. Komanso, n'zosavuta kwambiri kutsimikizira mwa mankhwala.

Choncho, wasayansi wamng'ono anazindikira kuti m'pofunika kufufuza zinthu zina, zomwe zaikidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuwamanga iwo. Izi zimathandiza kuti asiye kulowa m'thupi la munthu zoipa zinthu. Kukhulupirira, koma pamapeto a sayansi ya kwachititsa utoto yosavuta anagwiritsa ntchito n'cholinga chidwi. Iye anazindikira kuti ngati utoto angathe kutsatira minofu ndipo potero kujambula iye, kotero iye adzatha angagwirizanitse ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuwapha.

Chiphunzitso cha "matsenga chipolopolo"

Mu 1878, Erlih Paulo anakhala dokotala wamkulu wa pachipatala mu Berlin. Ndinkatha kukhala njira zawo za maphunziro histological. Choyamba wonyika mabakiteriya pa galasi, ndipo kenako ku zimakhala nyama anaphedwa ndi matenda opatsirana. Ndipo kamodzi anayambitsa utoto wabuluu mu m'magazi a kalulu wamoyo. M'kupita zimenezo wasayansi kudabwa zotsatira osaneneka.

mitundu Blue anangokhala ubongo ndi misempha. zimakhala ena onse sizinasinthe mtundu. Ehrlich anazindikira kuti ngati pali utoto kuti akhoza Amaipitsanso mtundu wina wake minofu, ndiye pali mankhwala amene angaphe inayake tizilombo zoipa. Ndiyamika ndemanga zimenezi anayambitsa chiphunzitso cha "matsenga chipolopolo", tikutanthauza kulowa chamoyo kachilombo chinthu amatha mwamsanga kupha zamoyo zonse zoipa.

"Tulo" matenda

Erlih Paulo, chopereka chanu kwa tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso ndilo kwambiri mu 1906 anakhala mkulu wa Institute of Experimental serotherapy. Pa nthawi imene anali ndi chidwi "tulo" matenda amene wapha nthawi kuti ambiri a ku Africa. Asayansi anatulukira chozizwitsa mankhwala "Atoxil" kuti awononge trypanosomes, koma munthu anaiwala wake. Erlih Paulo anapeza kuti chida limapangidwa Arsenic amene ali pano poizoni.

Ntchito yaikulu ya wasayansi anali atayamba malo oterowo kuti anali kupha onse a trypanosomes, koma analibe mphamvu pa anthu amapha. Mazana zinthu anali kuyesedwa, koma tizilombo izi kubala chitetezo chokwanira, kotero mankhwala sizikugwirizana. Komabe, ngakhale zokhumudwitsa zambiri, Paulo anatha kulenga mankhwala a matenda "tulo".

matenda venereal

matenda akukhudzidwa anthu kwa nthawi yaitali. Mu nthawi ya bacteriology, asayansi ambiri anayamba kufufuza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a matenda osiyanasiyana, ndipo pa nthawi anapeza atatu. Choyamba Bacillus chinzonono anapezeka, ndiye amapatsirana ndi chindoko kumapeto, omwe ndi wothandizila causative wa Treponema pallidum.

Mankhwala a chindoko

Mu chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa ndi m'ma makumi awiri, jakisoni mtsempha anali tangoyamba kutuluka. Mu zipatala, iwo pafupifupi osati ntchito. Koma izi zonse zinasintha pambuyo Erlih Paulo anapereka mankhwala akhoza kuchiza chindoko. Kuyesa kulenga izo chinakhazikitsidwa, chifukwa anali zidzasintha. Mwa njira, ntchito umboni mankhwala ake wasayansi walenga khalidwe lomwe latsopano mankhwala.

Akademik akufuna kuchitira chindoko zinthu zina zomwe anayamba kupanga mu makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa Arsenic pawiri yogwira. Koma, mwatsoka, sikunali kotheka wokonzeka kuthana ndi kuwonongeka ake zowononga mu njira ya kuchuluka kwa mayesero.

Zosayembekezereka muyezo kasinthasintha

Paulo Ehrlich, tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso amene ntchito anali, mu 1887, anakhala pulofesa wothandizira, ndipo mu 1890 - ndi yunivesite. Pa nthawi yomweyo anagwira ntchito Roberta Koha Institute. Mu 1888, inali imodzi mwa zatsopano zasayansi kuti kachilombo ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Kukwatira mkazi wake ndi ana aakazi awiri, iye anapita ku Egypt mankhwala. Koma m'malo kuchiza matenda chimodzi, anadwala matenda a shuga. Pamene ukupeza bwino, banja anabwerera ku Berlin.

Popeza 1891, Erlih Paulo, amene ntchito akhala mfundo kuyambira kwa asayansi ambiri, Nthawi zambiri zoyenera kusankha mankhwala ofunika zochizira matenda oyamba ndi tizilombo kunja. adakwaniritsa loyamba linali tsiku lokonzekera pamaziko a methylene buluu, zomwe cholinga zochizira zinayi tsiku malungo. Kenako anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito utoto zina zambiri. Pa ntchito zimenezi, iye anali woyamba amene anaona tizilombo ndikuzolowera ayambitse malonda. zochita immunological anakhazikitsako kwa convalescence.

The Prize Nobel

Wasayansi amene poyamba akufuna chiphunzitso cha chitetezo chokwanira - kuti thupi kuteteza pokana matupi chibadwa yachilendo. Iye analenga zamoyo unyolo mbali, amene kumathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha sayansi ya immunology. Ntchito imeneyi, pamodzi ndi wasayansi German Mechnikov analandira Nobel Prize m'chaka cha 1908.

Erlih Paulo: chopereka kwa sayansi

Mu 1901, dokotala ndi wasayansi agwira ayamba kuthana ndi vuto la matenda a khansa. Iye anayamba mndandanda wapadera wa zatsopano nyamazi ndikamezetsanidwemo chotupa anali komweko akhoza kutsimikizira kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti nyama ndi mayankho m'thupi kwaiye pambuyo kutha kwa chotupa kumezanitsa.

Kupezeka zofunika kwambiri, asayansi anayamba kupeza sakudziwika kwa sayansi maselo Posakhalitsa, lomwe mbali yofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe chitetezo chokwanira. Komanso Paulo anatha kutsimikizira kuti m'selo iliyonse la thupi, umene umabwera mu anachita m'thupi ali zolandilira yeniyeni amatha kuzindikira wothandizila yachilendo. Ndi chifukwa cha zimene anatulukira amenewa ndi Erlih Paulo analandira Nobel Prize.

Ehrlich anadzionetsa m'munda zimapangidwira, monga pofotokoza zimene zofunika kwambiri mankhwala. Pa ichi iye analandira Zikho wa Liebig.

Iye anali membala wa mabungwe dziko makumi asanu ndi awiri sayansi ndi maphunziro. Today dzina lake: Institute mankhwala immunological, komanso misewu, zipatala, sukulu, magulu sayansi ndi maziko, mphoto kwa asayansi atulukira. Komanso dzina lake Chigwa pa Moon.

Mu 1909, Nicholas II anali kupereka dongosolo la maphunziro St. Anne ndi kupereka mutu wa khansala atamva. Ehrlich anatsanzika chifukwa iye sakanakhoza kusiya chikhulupiriro cha Ayuda.

Anakwatira mkazi amene anapereka ogula ndi mbali ndalama moyo wake. Paulo anali wotanganidwa kwambiri ndi sayansi. Palibe wina analibe chidwi. Ine kulemba mu malo aliwonse, kuyambira pansi ndi makoma ndi kumalizitsa ndi manja interlocutors.

Scientist anafa August 20, 1915 a apoplectic kuukira ku Bad Homburg. Iye anaikidwa mu manda a Chiyuda. Mu 1933, Anazi anawononga chipilala, koma linakhalanso kachiwiri.