Ndondomeko isobaric

Isobaric ndondomeko ndi kusintha izoprotsessa amene ali thermodynamic. Pamene unyinji wa m'menemo chuma, ndi wina wa magawo ake (kuthamanga, kutentha ndi buku) kukhalabe sichinasinthe. Pakuti isobaric ndondomeko mavuto ndiyo nthawi zonse.

Isobaric ndondomeko ndi malamulo a Gay-Lussac

Mu 1802, chifukwa cha kuchita mndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano, ndi French wasayansi Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac anabweretsa mosalekeza kuti pa sanasiye kutiuza buku chiŵerengero mpweya ndi kutentha anakonzeratu, misa kuchuluka mankhwala kuti zonse. M'mawu ena, buku mpweya ndi mwachindunji njila kwa kutentha kwake pa kufinya zonse. Mu mabuku Russian, lamulo la malamulo Gay-Lussac a umatchedwanso mabuku, ndipo mu English - lamulo la Charles.

The chilinganizo chimene anatsogolera French sayansi pansi ndondomeko isobaric ndi oyenera mwamtheradi mpweya ndi madzi aliyense nthunzi, pamene wadutsa kuwira mfundo.

isobar

Pakuti chifaniziro cha njira amatigwiritsa ntchito mu chimake mawonekedwe isobar amene ali mzere wolunjika mu ziwiri ooneka enieni ntchito dongosolo. Pali axles awiri, mmodzi amene - buku gasi, pamene wachiwiri ukuimira zoipazi. Ndi kuwonjezeka mu chimodzi cha zizindikiro (kutentha kapena buku) mogwirizana ndi ukuwonjezeka ndi chizindikiro chachiwiri chimene amapereka akuwafunitsitsa monga dongosolo.

Zitsanzo za isobaric ndondomeko pamoyo ndi Kutentha kwa madzi mu ketulo pa bwalolo, pamene kuthamanga mumlengalenga ndi zonse.

Isobar mwina kutuluka mfundo pa ntchito nkhwangwa.

Ntchito ndondomeko mpweya pansi isobaric

Chifukwa chakuti particles mpweya ndi zoyenda zonse, mpweya motero nthawi zonse umalimbikitsa khoma chiwiya umene akachita. Monga kutentha kumawonjezera mpweya zoyenda wa particles amakhala mofulumira choncho mphamvu za mphamvu zimene particles anayamba alipo makoma a chotengeracho. Ngati kutentha wayamba ndichepe, ndiye ndondomeko zimachitika n'zosiyana. Ngati wina mpanda wa chotengera ndi makina, ndiye ofanana ukuwonjezeka yoyenera kutentha, - pamene mphamvu ya kuthamanga mpweya wochokera mwa khoma chotengera amakhala kuposa mphamvu kukana, - khoma iyamba kusuntha.

Ana sukulu kufotokoza zodabwitsazi ndi chitsanzo cha Kutentha kutentha galasi babu wodzazidwa ndi madzi ndi kutsekedwa pakamwapo, pomwe pofotokoza ukuwonjezeka kutentha ntchentche kunja. Pankhaniyi, mphunzitsi nthawizonse limanena kuti mavuto mkhalidwe uli zonse.

Zimango thupi kayendedwe ankaona poyerekezera ndi maphunziro danga ndi zoyenda yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe ziwalo za thupi wachibale wina ndi mnzake, mmene liwiro thupi amakhalabe wofanana ziro. Pamene tikukamba za ntchito yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe, ndiye, poyamba pa zonse, ife ndikutanthauza kusintha mu mphamvu mkati, pamene mu makina, tikulimbana ndi kusintha mu mphamvu kayendedwe. Ntchito mpweya pansi ndondomeko isobaric zingadziŵike mwa njira, imene zoipazi kuchulukitsa ndi kusiyana pakati pa mabuku: koyamba ndi womaliza. Pa pepala, chilinganizo chidzaonekera motere: A = px (O1-O2), mmene A - agwire ntchito, p - Anzanu - mtengo nthawi imene ndi za ndondomeko isobaric, O1 - komaliza buku O2 - buku koyamba. Choncho, pamene pali psinjika mpweya ntchitoyo tidzakhala ndi phindu negative.

Chifukwa lotseguka-Gay-Lussac kumayambiriro 19 katundu m'ma mpweya, ife tithe kusuntha pa magalimoto, kumene mfundo injini opaleshoni anaika isobaric, kusangalala ndi kuzizira kuti tsiku lotentha ife anapatsidwa zowongolera ano mpweya. Komanso, kuphunzira njira isobaric zikuchitika lero, kuti apange ntchito pa kusintha kwa zipangizo ntchito mu gawo la mphamvu.