Wa zatsalira kwa amino asidi amene anamanga molekyulu?

Asidi kwa amino ndi zatsalira kwa zedi pomanga. ma polima oterowo ndi mkulu maselo zipangizo achilengedwe. Iwo mbali mankhwala monga mpweya, pali wa hydrogen, mpweya, asafe pano. The zidulo mkati ndi phosphorous, ndi mbali ya mapuloteni ambiri muli sulfure.

mbali structural

Popeza zatsalira kwa amino asidi wa molekyulu ndi inamangidwa ndi zedi, iwo ndi mkulu wachibale maselo misa. Iwo amatchedwa makropolimerami. Monga zitsanzo za mankhwala otsika maselo kulemera monga alcohols, zidulo carboxylic, nucleotides, monosaccharides, amino zidulo.

macromolecules

Inamangidwa wa zatsalira kwa amino asidi mapulotini molekyulu zofunika ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya zamoyo. Pafupifupi ake maselo misa wachibale ukufanizidwa mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera masauzande ochepa ku miliyoni. Mu mamolekyulu mankhwala mapuloteni, zidulo mkati polysaccharides ankagwira kuchuluka kwa kubwereza mayunitsi.

Monomers otchedwa mamolekyulu osavuta omwe ali maziko mapangidwe tinthu polima. Amene mamolekyulu zimamangidwa kwa amino zidulo? Yankho la funso limeneli ndi bwino kuti ophunzira aliyense sekondale. Monomer kwa iwo ndi kwa amino zidulo. Pakuti polysaccharides zofunika monosaccharides, ndi nucleotides ndi koyenera kuti yomanga zidulo mkati.

Tanthauzo la biopolymers

Choncho, zatsalira kwa amino asidi pomanga zedi kuti ntchito angapo. Tikumbukenso yomanga ntchito zawo. Timatha inu kumanga zedi kuti ndi yeniyeni kuti munthu zamoyo. Komanso, mapuloteni mamolekyulu - gwero la mphamvu, choncho mapulotini monga zakudya tsiku. Maselo ali milingo yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala organic. Mwachitsanzo, nyama yodziwika ndi predominance a lipids ndi mapuloteni mu zomera - okwanira kuchuluka kwa chakudya.

Wa zatsalira kwa amino asidi wa nyama zedi pomanga. Amenewa "njerwa" amene ali amphoteric mankhwala mankhwala imakonzedwa mu mapuloteni ataunika zinayendera ena. Panopa pali nkhani kuli kwa amino zidulo mazana awiri, koma mapangidwe mwachibadwa zikuchitika mapuloteni ntchito makumi awiri okha a iwo. Iwo amatchedwa mapuloteni-n'kupanga. Mwachitsanzo, mapuloteni akhoza inamangidwa interlaces wa alanine, leucine, lysine, asidi aspartic, valine, methionine, glutamine, threonine. Pa funso la zatsalira kwa amino asidi amene anamanga molekyulu, ophunzira kupereka zitsanzo za nyama mapuloteni.

Features ya kapangidwe mankhwala

The kwa amino zidulo amene angathe kupanga macromolecule, ndi kwa amino gulu ndi gulu carboxyl amakondanso wina mpweya atomu. Ndi mbali Chili chiwerengero pamwamba. The zatsalira kwa amino asidi amasiyana zikuchokera kwa kwakukulu. Kungakhale hydrophilic kapena hydrophobic, kumalo ozizira kapena osakhala kumalo ozizira, umene amapereka katundu enieni amino zidulo.

Chochuluka kwa amino zidulo angathe kupanga proteinaceous molekyulu nazo limodzi carboxyl gulu (mu kapangidwe kake pali hydroxyl ndi carbonyl) kwa amino gulu ndi imodzi, kotero iwo amaonedwa monga mamolekyulu ndale.

Pali kwa amino zidulo zofunika ndi magulu angapo kwa amino, komanso acidic amino zidulo, amene wapangidwa ndi ena mwa magulu carboxyl. Mwachitsanzo, maatomu sulfa m'magawo molekyulu ndi cysteine.

Zosintha kaphatikizidwe

zamoyo Autotrophic lithe amino zidulo ku zochita kupanga zinthu asafe munali ndi zinthu za photosynthesis.

zamoyo Heterotrophic ntchito ngati zofunika chakudya gwero la amino zidulo. Monga mbali ya thupi la munthu apanga ku mankhwala kwa amino asidi wa kagayidwe. mankhwala amenewa amaonedwa mosinthana. Monga gwero la kwa amino zidulo zofunika sangathe apanga mu thupi la munthu, pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zina. Kodi zidulo amatchedwa n'kofunika kuti munthu? Izi lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine. Pakuti thupi mwanayo pali awiri ofunika kwa amino zidulo: histidine ndi arginine.

Popeza kwa amino zidulo ndi mankhwala amphoteric, iwo yodziwika ndi reactivity mkulu. Pakati asidi wina kwa amino ndi gulu carboxyl wa molekyulu chachiwiri ndipamene mankhwala akapolo, wotchedwa peputayidi (amide) muzikondana.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi zingachitike mankhwala umabala liniya peputayidi dongosolo. kumalekezero a pawiri latsopano ali ndi kwa amino gulu, ndi wachiwiri ali ndi ufulu carboxyl gulu. Kapangidwe amenewa amalola dipeptide kucheza ndi tinthu zina, amino zidulo, kupanga polypeptide pawiri.

Pomaliza

The mapeputisayidi ndi zofunika makamaka moyo. Polypeptides mu dongosolo lawo ndi poizoni, mankhwala, komanso ena mahomoni. unyolo Polypeptide akhoza wapangidwa zikwi amino zidulo anakonza mu ndondomeko yeniyeni. Ngati kokha zatsalira kwa amino asidi ndi lopangidwa macromolecules mapuloteni, iwo amatchedwa yosavuta.

Ngati kapangidwe ka mapuloteni molekyulu si zigawo kwa amino asidi, komanso cations chitsulo, manganese, nthaka, dzuwa, nucleotides, lipids, mu nkhani iyi molekyulu amatchedwa mapuloteni zovuta. Zazing'ono mapuloteni wamba wodzipatula Ulimbo, albumins magazi, michere.

Zovuta zedi kupeza chitetezo (immunoglobulins) michere. Pali mitundu inayi ya gulu structural la tinthu mapuloteni. Kapangidwe chofunika akuyambira liniya wa zatsalira kwa amino asidi zolumikizana peputayidi (amide) kumangigwa.

Izo zimatengera ntchito, katundu, komanso mawonekedwe a mapuloteni ndi. Pamaziko a nyumba yaikulu kulenga Mabaibulo nyumba zosiyana. Chamoyo chilichonse ali yake yapadera kapangidwe chachikulu, amene amalenga mavuto ena kwa kaphatikizidwe wa. Mwachitsanzo, mavuto kusankha nthumwi mankhwala kwa anthu mwachindunji.