Ntchito ndiponso dongosolo la minofu zaminyewa. Kapangidwe ka zaminyewa ndi connective minofu

Nsalu - ya maselo intercellular mankhwala. Iwo ali mbali wamba dongosolo ndipo amachita ntchito yofanana. Mu thupi la amitundu inayi minofu: zaminyewa, mantha, akulu ndi connective.

Kapangidwe ka zaminyewa zimakhala anthu ndi nyama anachititsa, poyamba pa zonse, kutanthauzira kwake. Zaminyewa minofu ndi wosanjikiza malire maselo kumalumikiza thupi integuments, zikopa mucous ziwalo mkati ndi cavities. Komanso, ambiri a chitsulo thupi aumbike epithelium.

makhalidwe General

Kapangidwe ka minofu zaminyewa angapo mbali chibadidwe yekha epithelium. Mbali yaikulu ndiyakuti nsalu iyoyomwe maonekedwe a wosanjikiza mosalekeza maselo amene anakumana pafupi ndi mzake.

Epithelium kumalumikiza pamalo onse m'thupi, ali mawonekedwe a mapangidwe, pamene mu chiwindi, kapamba, chithokomiro, zopangitsa malovu, ndi ena ndi m'bulu wa maselo. Mbali yoyamba izo aikidwa pamwamba pa chapansi Kakhungu kulekanitsa epithelium kwa minofu connective. Koma pali kuchotserapo, pamene dongosolo la minofu zaminyewa ndi connective anawona pa nkhani ya mogwirizana awo. Makamaka mu dongosolo lymphatic, kusinthana kwa maselo zaminyewa ndi connective minofu. Mtundu wa epithelium amatchedwa atypical.

Mkulu regenerative mphamvu - ndi mbali ina ya epithelium lapansi.

Kumalo ozizira maselo a minofu, omwe chifukwa cha kusiyana m'madera woyambira ndi apical wa pakati selo.

Kapangidwe ka minofu zaminyewa kukuchitika chifukwa kumalire ililipo, amene nawonso, zimapangitsa epithelium ndi kugwirizana zofunika m'kati kuwombola. minofu Izi zimafunika mayamwidwe wa zakudya ku intestine mu magazi ndi lymph, mkodzo kulekana mwa epithelia impso ndi zina. Pa. Inu simungakhoze kuyiwala za ntchito atetezeke, lomwe ndi kuteteza zimakhala ku mavuto aakulu.

Kapangidwe ka chuma pachilengedwe chapansi Kakhungu, zikusonyeza kuti lili wambirimbiri mucopolysaccharides, komanso zopezera fibrils chabwino.

Monga anaika minofu zaminyewa?

Features ya kapangidwe ka minofu zaminyewa wa nyama ndi anthu makamaka malinga ndi chakuti chitukuko ikuchitika onse atatu zigawo nyongolosi. Mbali imeneyi ndi khalidwe chabe la mtundu wa nsalu. Ectoderm zinagwira khungu epithelium, m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano, mbali ina ya kholingo, diso; endoderm - ndi epithelium pa mundawo m'mimba; ndipo mesoderm - ndi epithelium ziwalo mkodzo ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana serous.

Mu chitukuko embryonic amayamba mu magawo oyambirira. Popeza zikuchokera okwanira kuchuluka kwa placental zaminyewa minofu, ndi chipani cha kuwombola zinthu pakati pa mayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo.

Kusunga umphumphu wa maselo zaminyewa

Mogwirizana kwa oyandikana maselo mapangidwe ndi zotheka chifukwa kukhalapo kwa desmosomes. Izi wapadera kapangidwe angapo kukula submicroscopic, zomwe zigwirizana amachepetsa awiri. Aliyense wa iwo, thickening m'malo ena, akuchita kali pafupi maselo wapafupi. Kusiyana kudula ngati pakati pa amachepetsa wa desmosomes ndi zimam'patsa zikuchitika mankhwala.

Nthawi kumene malo intercellular ali lonse, desmosomes zili pa malekezero a akukumana oumbidwa cytoplasm kuonana ndi maselo. Ngati tiyang'ana pa angapo oumbidwa pansi maso, inu mudzapeza kuti ali ndi maonekedwe a milatho intercellular.

Mu yaing'ono kukhulupirika intestine msoko anakhalabe ndi maphatikizidwe wa nembanemba khungu la maselo pafupi m'munda wa kukhudzana. malo ngati amenewa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mbale monga trailing.

Pali zina komwe kulibe nyumba wapadera chifukwa cha kukhulupirika. Ndiye kukhudzana loyandikana maselo ikuchitika ndi kukhudzana pakati pamalo lathyathyathya kapena kupotoza maselo. M'mbali mwa maselo akhoza imbricate alipo.

Kapangidwe ka maselo zaminyewa minofu

Mbali yapadera ya maselo zaminyewa minofu ndi pamaso pa pamwamba pa nembanemba plasma.

Maselo nawo Kugawilidwa kwanthaka katundu kagayidwe kachakudya mu plasma Kakhungu a mbali woyambira wa thupi selo anati lopinda.

maselo zaminyewa - otchedwa sayansi ya maselo n'kupanga minofu zaminyewa. Features ya mlathowo ntchito ya maselo zaminyewa umafananirako. Choncho, malinga ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito yawo mosabisa, kiyubiki ndi columnar. Pa maziko chimapambana euchromatin, motero ali ndi woyererako. Phata la kani lalikulu, mawonekedwe ake likufanana mawonekedwe a maselo.

Kulankhula polarity amachititsa malo a mtima mu gawo woyambira, ndi mitochondria ali pamwamba, ndi Golgi zida ndi centrioles. Maselo, ntchito secretory wochita makamaka bwino anayamba endoplasmic reticulum ndi Golgi zovuta. Epithelium akukumana wamkulu maselo mawotchi katundu mu kachitidwe kawo ali yarns wapadera - tonofibrils amene anapereka kwa pheretsa anafuna kuteteza maselo ndi mapindikidwe.

microvilli

Maselo ena, kapena m'malo cytoplasm awo padziko akhoza kupanga kakang'ono, motsogoleredwa outwards, zophuka - microvilli. Yaikulu lalikulu la zilipo padziko apical wa epithelium mu intestine ang'ono ndi mbali yaikulu ya tubules convoluted a impso. Chifukwa dongosolo kufanana kwa microvilli mu akalowa mkati mwa matumbo n'kupanga epithelium ndi burashi impso malire anapanga, amene Tingaone pansi pa maso kuwala. Komanso, microvilli m'madera awa ali chiwerengero cha ma enzyme.

Gawo

Features ya kapangidwe ka minofu zaminyewa m'malo osiyanasiyana kulola ife kuti m'kagulu pa malo angapo.

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a maselo epithelium kungakhale cylindrical, kiyubiki, ndi mosabisa, ndipo malingana ndi malo maselo - wina wosanjikiza ndi multilayer.

Komanso secrete ndi epithelium glandular, imagwiridwa mu ntchito secretory za thupi.

A epithelium umodzi-wosanjikiza

Dzina la wosanjikiza umodzi wa epithelium odziwikiratu: ndi maselo onse ili chapansi Kakhungu mu wosanjikiza limodzi. Ngati mawonekedwe a maselo onse ali yemweyo (ie. E. Iwo isomorphic) ndi selo mtima ali pa mlingo chomwecho, kunena za epithelia wosakwatiwa mzere. Ngati maselo monolayer epithelium anati kusinthana wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mtima wawo zili pa magawo osiyanasiyana izo anizomorfny kapena pseudostratified epithelium.

stratified epithelium

Mu multilayered epithelium okha wosanjikiza m'munsi pokhudzana ndi chapansi Kakhungu ndi zigawo zina ili pamwamba. Mawonekedwe a maselo a zigawo zosiyana ndi osiyana. Kapangidwe ka minofu zaminyewa wa mtundu uwu amalola kusankha mitundu yambiri ya epithelium multilayered malingana ndi mawonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha wosanjikiza kunja kwa maselo: ndi multilayer lathyathyathya multilayered keratinizing (likupezeka keratinized mamba padziko), Mipikisano neorogovevayuschy.

Pali otchedwa Transitional epithelium kumalumikiza ziwalo dongosolo excretory. Malingana ngati thupi yafupika kapena anatambasula, nsalu amakhala maonekedwe osiyana. Choncho kupatulira wa epithelium ndi boma kupanga zigawo ziwiri za maselo kwamakokedwe chikhodzodzo - woyambira ndi chikuto. Ndipo pamene chikhodzodzo ndi wothinikizidwa (condensed) mawonekedwe zaminyewa minofu thickens kwambiri, woyambira maselo wosanjikiza ndi polymorphs ndi mtima wawo ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana. maselo Coverslips kukhala peyala mawonekedwe ndipo laminated pa wina ndi mzake.

Gistogeneticheskaja gulu la epithelia

Kapangidwe ka minofu zaminyewa wa nyama ndi anthu nthawi zambiri nkhani za kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi mankhwala. Mu milandu, ntchito gistogenetichekuyu gulu zambiri mwakuchita academician N. G. Hlopinym. Malinga ndi izo, ndi mitundu isanu ya epithelium. Muyeso ndi mfundo zimene zoyamba kukhala zimakhala pa embryogenesis.

1. Epidermal mtundu, chiyambi wapatsidwa ectoderm ndi prechordal mbale.

2. Enterodermalny mtundu, chitukuko chimene chinali chifukwa endoderm matumbo.

3. Tselonefrodermalny mtundu, zinachokera kwa akalowa coelomic ndi nephrotomy.

4. Angiodermalny mtundu, chitukuko zinayambira ku gawo la mesenchyme pa, kupanga endothelium mtima, wotchedwa angioblasts.

5. Ependimoglialny mtundu, amene anayamba anapereka chubu ubongo.

Features ya kapangidwe ka zaminyewa minofu kupanga zopangitsa

Glandular epithelium imagwira ntchito secretory. mtundu wa nsalu ndi mndandanda wa glandular maselo (secretory) wotchedwa granulocytes. Ntchito yawo ndi kukhazikitsa kaphatikizidwe ndi kudzipatula zinthu zenizeni - zinsinsi.

Ndi chifukwa katulutsidwe wa thupi amatha kugwira ntchito zina zofunika. Zopangitsa secrete zinsinsi pa khungu ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mucous, mkati cavities angapo a ziwalo, komanso mu magazi ndi lymph. Mbali yoyamba, ndife a exocrine, ndipo chachiwiri - a zopangitsa za endocrine.

Exocrine katulutsidwe amalola kutulutsa mkaka (thupi wamkazi), chapamimba ndi timadziti matumbo, malovu, ya ndulu, thukuta ndi sebum. Mfundo zopangitsa endocrine ndi mahomoni kuti achite lamulo humoral mu thupi.

Kapangidwe ka mtundu wa minofu zaminyewa angakhale osiyana chifukwa chakuti granulocytes akhoza kutenga akalumikidzidwa osiyana. Izi zimadalira gawo katulutsidwe.

Onse mitundu ya zopangitsa (endocrine ndi exocrine) mungakhale wa khungu limodzi (selo) kapena kuchuluka kwa maselo (multicellular).