Anthu oyamba mu mlengalenga. Pelekani choyamba munthu danga

iwo mbani - ndimwe amuna woyamba m'mlengalenga? Theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi chidwi mu zochitika zambiri. Mmodzi wa wofuna kwambiri chinali anapeza mpata anthu. Soviet Union unachita kutsogolera adzatumpha izi Mkhalidwe, amene adatenga anthu malo, kuyambira kufufuza mlengalenga. Ngakhale mkangano pakati pa mphamvu zikuluzikulu za dziko, Soviet Union ndi United States, anthu oyamba mu malo anafika ku Soviet Union, chimene chinapangitsa kuti chifundo cha mkwiyo wopanda mphamvu mu dziko odana.

1961

Akhumi mu April 1961 - tsiku limene amadziwika kuti aliyense wa sukulu. Pa tsiku limeneli panali ndege ku malo icho poyamba akuyendera. Ndi pamene anthu onse Earth mwaphunzira wokayenda pamwezi kuti padzikoli ndi lozungulira. Zinali ndiye, pa April 12, anapezeka munthu woyamba mwa malo. 1961 TH kalekale analowa mbiri ya earthlings.

Mwamuna woyamba mu mlengalenga - kuchoka mu Soviet Union!

Masiku amenewo anali mpikisano amphamvu pakati pa USSR ndi USA. Ndipo, ndipo apo mwachangu anafuna kufufuza malo. The United States ndi okonzeka kugwira danga ndege. Koma kunapezeka kuti anawuluka ndi cosmonaut woyamba kuchoka mu Soviet Union. Zikuoneka kuti Yuri Gagarin. Zatsopano kale ikuchitika, ndi galu anaulukira danga, wotchuka Belka ndi Strelka, koma osati munthu.
Dziko lonse anawombera m'manja kwa cosmonaut choyamba, ngakhale onse US pofuna kuchepetsa phindu la ndege ake.

Monga izo zinali

Spacecraft "Vostok-1" unayambitsidwa pa maola 9, mphindi 7 ndi Baikonur Cosmodrome, onyamula Yuri Gagarin. kuthawa inatenga pang'ono, mphindi 108 zokha. Sitingathe kunena kuti anali yosalala kwathunthu. Pa ndege, pali pangozi zinthu: pali kulephera kulankhulana; kutayikira chowunikira, chifukwa cha zomwe si sakukhudzidwa utumiki gawo si zinayambitsa; Iwo anali jamming suti.

Koma wokayenda pamwezi ndichiyembekezo luso lonse sanamugwiritse Iye mwala. Anakapezeka, catapulted Padziko Lapansi. Koma chifukwa walephera dongosolo braking za makina samabwera pansi m'dera anakonza (makilomita 110 kuchokera Stalingrad), ndipo Saratov, pafupi ndi tauni ya Chichewa.

Ndi chifukwa cha ichi United States motalikitsa nthawi anayesa kukakamiza pa dziko maganizo awo kuti ndege sichikanakhoza kutchedwa wathunthu. Komabe, zoyesayesa analephera kuzipeza. Gagarin anakumana m'mayiko ambiri ndi ngwazi. Iye anali kupereka anthu enanso ambirimbiri amene mphoto zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse.

Yuri Gagarin: yochepa yonena

Iye anabadwa chinayi mu March 1934 m'mudzi wa Klushino Gzhatsk chigawo (panopa chigawo cha dera Smolensk Gagarin) mu banja wamba. Pali anthu ambiri theka zaka imene la asilikali Nazi, pamene banja lathu lonse anachotsedwa nyumba ndi anakakamizika kukhala pa bwato la. Panthawi imeneyi, mnyamata sichinayambe anaphunzira ndipo patapita kumasulidwa ndi sukulu Red Army anayambiranso.
Gagarin maphunziro kusukulu ntchito ndipo ndinalembetsa Saratov Industrial School zaumisiri. Mu 1954, iye anafika woyamba ku Saratov Flying Club, ndipo mu 1955, pambuyo maphunziro, anapanga ndege chake choyamba. Pakhala 196 ina.

Iye ndiye maphunziro a usilikali Aviation School ndipo anali womenya woyendetsa. Ndipo mu 1959, iye analemba mawu kunena kuti pachikhalidwe m'gulu la ofuna opita.

Alexey Gagarin anafa m'banda, ali ndi zaka 34. Koma moyo yochepa, iye anasiya kukumbukira kwambiri mu mitima ya anthu ambiri amene iye ndi munthu woyamba anapita ku malo zakuthambo.

Mkazi woyamba danga - kuchoka mu Soviet Union!

Pambuyo ndege Yuriya Gagarina, azimuth ichi chinayamba mofulumira kwambiri mofulumira. Man ndi Space anakopeka mzake mwakhama. Asayansi tsopano anayatsa, kotero kuti mkaziyo anafika apo. Zinafuna ndi nzeru anathandiza madona Valentina Tereshkova. June 16, 1963, kuyambira pa spacecraft "Vostok-6", anapita kwa mkazi woyamba mu mlengalenga, wotchuka chifukwa dziko lonse.

Valentina Tereshkova: yochepa yonena

Iye anabadwa 6 pa March 1937 mu chigawo cha dera Yaroslavl Tutaev mu banja wamba. bambo ake anali dalaivala wa thirakitala ndipo anaphedwa pa kutsogolo, ndipo mayi anga ankagwira ntchito ku fakitale nsalu. Mu 1953 iye maphunziro makalasi asanu Valya ndipo anakakhala pa brasletchitsey Yaroslavl mbewu. Mu yomweyi, iye analandira maphunziro ake ku sukulu usiku.
Mu 1959, mnyamata Tereshkova anakhala nawo parachuting, ndipo anapanga kudumpha zana.

Space-umagwirizana tsoka ake mu 1962, pamene anaganiza kutumiza mkazi mu mlengalenga. Wa khama ambiri anasankhidwa ofuna asanu. Kamodzi analembetsa cosmonaut ndi Valentina anayamba kuphunzitsa kumatheka ndi maphunziro. Patapita chaka chimodzi, kuti wasankhidwa ndege.

The cosmonaut choyamba mu malo lotseguka

Aleksey Leonov kuchokera loyamba m'mlengalenga mu danga lotseguka zakuthambo. Zinali March 18, 1965. Pa nthawi imeneyo, palibe dongosolo kuthawa akatswiri a anali. Kunali kosatheka kuti zimakocheza kapena m'madzi chimodzi kupita ku china. Mmodzi akuziyembekezera yekha ndi njira kuti anawuluka naye. Alexei Arkhipovich anaganiza izo, motero pozindikira loto lodziwika bwino Tsiolkovskii zomwe adafotokoza ntchito EVAs sluice chipinda.

Kachiwiri, Soviet Union kumenya United States. Nawonso, akanafuna kuzitsatira. Koma linanena bungwe la munthu woyamba mwa malo zinachitikadi anali munthu Soviet.

Monga izo zinali

Choyamba, danga lotseguka adzatumiza nyama koma kenako anasiya lingaliro. Ndipotu vuto lalikulu mmene muganize momwe zinthu danga, munthu sakadaifika kuthetsedwa. Komanso, nyama sangathe kunena ndiye mbiri ya moyo wawo.

maganizo osiyanasiyana pa milomo ya anthu za anthu zakuthambo kuchoka ku malo lotseguka. Ndipo, ngakhale kuti anthu oyamba mu mlengalenga kale anapita, enieni ndithu mmene anthu zinthu kunja galimoto, analibe limodzi.

The zikuchokera oyendetsa anasankhidwa mosamala kwambiri. Komanso deta labwino ofunika Mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano wa gulu lonse. Opita Belyaev ndi Leonov anakhala awiri azigwirizana ndi makhalidwe awo a munthu.
Cosmonaut anatsala mphindi khumi ndi ziwiri, imene nthawi zisanu adadza m'sitimayi, nabwerera. vuto linali kunali koyenera kuti abwerere cockpit lapansi. Spacesuit mu zingalowe yapitirira mwakuti sanathe Finyani mu izibala. Pambuyo angapo akuyesetsa zinalephereka Leonov anaganiza zosiyana ndi malangizo a vplyt mkati mutu, osati miyendo. iye anachita izo.

Aleksey Arhipovich Leonov: yochepa yonena

Iye anabadwa May 30, 1934 m'mudzi Siberia, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Kemerovo. Bambo ake anali ndi mgodi, ndi mayi wake - mphunzitsi.

Alex anakulira m'banja lalikulu ndipo anali mwana chinayi. Ngakhale desiki sukulu, anayamba chidwi luso ndege, ndipo pambuyo sekondale analowa Pilot School. Kenako maphunziro a ndege womenya. Ndipo mu 1960, ali anatsutsana okhwima kusankha ndondomeko, anali analembetsa cosmonaut lapansi.

Leonov anapanga ndege wake mu 1965. Kuyambira 1967 mpaka 1970 anatsogolera gulu loyamba la chombo ku mwezi. Mu 1973 anasankhidwa mu ndege anzake chombo ya USA, nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri anapanga docking za spacecraft.

Alexei Leonov ndi membala wa mayiko wa wokayenda pamwezi Corps, academician wa PAA ndi Co-wapampando wa Association of Space otulukira malo atsopano.

Man ndi Space

Pofotokoza nkhani ya malo, osanenapo anthu ngati S. P. Korolev ndi K. Tsiolkovsky. Iwo si anthu oyamba mu mlengalenga ndipo konse uko. Komabe, makamaka chifukwa cha khama ndi ntchito ya munthu apabe izo.

SERGEY Pavlovich - mlengi wa roketi ndi danga sayansi ya Soviet Union. Iyo inali chongoganiza, woyamba Kanema yokumba a Dziko Lapansi ndi "Vostok-1" anatumizidwa ndi Yuri Gagarin pa bolodi. Pamene wokayenda pamwezi anamwalira mu jekete lake adapeza chithunzi cha Sergei Pavlovich.

Tsiolkovsky - wosadziletsa anaphunzitsa wasayansi, ankaona anayambitsa astronautics ongolankhula. Iye - woyambitsa wa ntchito sayansi ndi wosangalatsa, analimbikitsa maganizo kufufuza malo.