Kubverana zamoyo: mitundu, maonekedwe ndi zitsanzo. Zimachitika pakati pa zamoyo mu zamoyo

Nature ndi wokongola komanso osiyanasiyana. Alipo padziko lapansi, zomera ndi nyama anachita kuphunzira ndi wina ndi mzake. Kubverana zamoyo - n'kovuta, koma chidwi mutu, zimene zingakuthandizeni kudziwa kuti akumvetseni bwino m'dzikoli.

mitundu ya maubwenzi

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maubwenzi a zamoyo ndi mzake. Koma asayansi ndikuzigawa m'magulu atatu lalikulu.

Gulu loyamba Chili onse a magulu a ubale pakati pa zamoyo, imene tingati ndi zabwino zomwe zimathandiza popanda kutsutsana pa zinthu ziwirizi.

Gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo mitundu anthu mgwilizano omwe amatchedwa negative. Mogwirizana majeremusi awiri kupindula akupanga chimodzi chokha, ndipo chachiwiri maganizo. Nthawi zina yotsirizira akhoza kufa chifukwa cha m'banja. Kwa gulu ili imagwiranso zimachitika izi kwa zinthu kuti limakhudza anthu onse woyamba ndi munthu wachiwiri.

Gulu lachitatu ankaona kuti ndi zazing'ono. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo ubale pakati pa zamoyo zomwe sizibweretsa phindu kapena kuvulaza onsewo.

maganizo abwino kugwirizana kwa zinthu

Kuti ali padziko lapansi, muyenera kupeza ogwirizana ndi athandizi. Ndi izi ndi kuchita zomera ndi nyama zambiri zachitukuko awo zamoyo zinachita. Chifukwa ndi chifukwa, mbali zonse zomwe kupindula ndi ubwenzi. Kapena mabwenzi amene amapindula mbali imodzi, ndi lachiwiri musawononge.

maubwenzi abwino, amatchedwanso kudalirana osiyanasiyana. Tsopano kuonetsetsa mgwirizano, kudalirana ndi commensalism.

mgwirizano

Cooperation - izi ndi mgwilizano umene ulipo pakati pa zamoyo amapindula mbali zonse achotsedwa. Nthawi zambiri, bwanji ndi ulimi wa chakudya. Koma nthawi zina gulu mmodzi alandira ndi mzake, chakudya chokha, komanso kuwateteza. chidwi kwambiri ndi ubale pakati pa zamoyo. Zitsanzo Tingaone mu dziko nyama, mu madera osiyana a dziko.

Mmodzi wa awa ndi mgwirizano wa kudzipatula nkhanu ndi anemone nyanja. Chifukwa anemones, khansa wapeza pogona ndi kutetezedwa anthu ena danga madzi. Popanda nyanja anemone kudzipatula nkhanu akhoza kusuntha. Koma khansa akhoza kukuza kufufuza utali wozungulira chakudya. Komanso, musadye actinium, kupita pansi ndi kupeza khansa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti phindu la ubwenzi ndi mbali ziwiri.

Chitsanzo china zitsulo ubwenzi Chipembere ng'ombe ndi mbalame. kuchita zimenezi pakati pa zamoyo kuti munthu wa zipani kupeza chakudya. mbalame ng'ombe kudya tizilombo, amene moyo wochuluka pa rhinoceros chachikulu. Chipembere komanso zothandiza anzathu. Chifukwa mbalame awa, iye akhoza kukhala moyo wathanzi ndi musadandaule tizilombo.

commensalism

Commensalism - izi ndi mgwilizano umene ulipo pakati pa zamoyo mu m'chilengedwe pamene wina chamoyo ubwino ndi zina ubale awa sakhala ndi kusapeza, koma osati akupeza. Mtundu wa ubale amatchedwanso nahlebnichestvom.

Nsombayi - zoopsa ogwirira nyanja. Koma Anapitirizabe-nsomba iwo mwayi kuti apulumuke ndi kudziteteza kwa adani zina za m'madzi, amene ali ofooka poyerekeza ndi nsombazo. remora Nsomba kupindula nsombazo. Koma musati kubweretsa iwo ubwino uliwonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo, palibe vuto. Kwa nsombazo ubwenzi padera.

The kamakumba una wa makoswe angapezeke osati achinyamata, komanso nambala yaikulu tizilombo osiyana. Nora analenga nyama, amakhala kwawo. Ndi apa kuti sali okha pogona komanso kuteteza nyama amene amakonda kudya iwo. The rodent dzenje tizilombo si zoopsa. Komanso, apa iwo akhoza kupeza chakudya chokwanira kutsogolera moyo wopanda mavuto. Makoswe Samva mavuto alionse a mitundu ngati ubale.

maganizo olakwika ubale pakati pa zamoyo

Alipo pamodzi pa dziko, nyama lingathandize mzake, komanso amavutitsa. Si kophweka maubwenzi amenewa pakati pa zamoyo. Tebulo kudzakuthandizani ophunzira.

Mitundu ya maubwenzi amene amaonedwa zoipa, amapatsidwa anagawa mu mitundu yambiri. Mwa iwo amene chipani wina aliyense phindu, ndi mavuto ena, ndipo pali anthu amene akudwala mbali zonse. Zitsanzo zoipa amaonedwa predation, parasitism ndi mpikisano.

predation

predation n'chiyani, munthu akhoza kukuuzani popanda kukonzekera. Izi ndi ubwenzi pakati pa zamoyo kumene ubwino imodzi ndi akuvutika ena. Pofuna kumvetsa bwino ndani amene amadya, mukhoza unyolo chakudya. Ndipo ndiye n'zosavuta kuona kuti herbivores ambiri chakudya cha nyama zina. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo anthu ogwirira akhoza kukhala chakudya munthu.

Ngakhale kuti hedgehogs ndi zambiri amasonyezera pa zithunzi ndi maapulo ndi bowa, iwo ndi adani. Hedgehogs kudya makoswe ang'ono. Komabe si otetezeka. Iwo akhoza kudyedwa ndi nkhandwe. Komanso, nkhandwe, ngati mimbulu kudya akalulu.

parasitism

Parasitism - ndi mtundu wa unansi kumene chamoyo akalandira zikomo kwa wina. Koma tiziromboti kawirikawiri amayesa kuonetsetsa kuti thupi kachiwiri sanaphedwe. Chifukwa mukatero tiziromboti kupeza okha watsopano malo ndi gwero latsopano chakudya. Kapena kuwonongeka.

Majeremusi opezeka nyama ndi zomera. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi aliyense wokhala mwa gulu pakati anaona bowa tinder. Ichi ndi chamoyo wamoyo, amene conveniently anakonza pa mtengo, ndipo nthawizina limakula ndi tinthu tating'ono. bowa izi siziri choncho n'zosavuta kuchotsa pa thunthu. Iwo chili mwamphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa mtengo bowa amalandira chakudya, komanso malo okhala.

Pali chiwerengero chachikulu mphutsi zimene moyo likuvutika ndi chamoyo wamphamvu ndi bungwe zovuta. Mwina wotchuka kwambiri ndi nyongolotsi-tiziromboti Ascaris anthu. nyongolotsi White kungakhale zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Iwo amakhala osati intestine lapansi. Nthawi aakulu kwambiri, akhoza kupeza malo mu madera osiyana a thupi. Zikomo munthu askarid nthawi zonse chakudya. Komanso, thupi kutentha ndi zinthu zimene ndi zofunika kuti bwinobwino mphutsi analipo, nachuluka. The ambiri Ascaris mu thupi la munthu amakhala chifukwa cha mavuto ndiponso mavuto ambiri oti athetse kuti yekha dokotala.

Mu nyama zina kawirikawiri kuthetsa mphutsi parasitic. Mwa iwo kutchulidwa Mwachitsanzo, chiwindi flukes. Mgwirizano woterowo pakati pa zamoyo limakhala tsoka chenicheni kwa anthu. Makamaka iwo amene zikugwira nyama husbandry kapena munda. mavuto onse kuti ulimi ndi majeremusi, ndi koposa.

mpikisano

Ngakhale ogwirira kukhetsa mwazi, kutsogolera kusakasaka ofooka nyama zing'onozing'ono usana ndi usiku, mpikisano imatengedwa mtundu chachikulu kwambiri ubale pakati pa zamoyo. Ndipotu anthu amene akukhudzidwa kulimbana malo pansi pano mwa anthu a mitundu chomwecho. Ndipo njira kupeza zedi kofunika chakudya, kapena nyumba yabwino iliyonse mtundu wawo.

Nkhondoyi kupambana nyama wamphamvu ndi zambiri agile. Nkhandwe amphamvu kupeza nyama wabwino, pamene ena kapenanso kudya nyama zina zochepa atsimikize, kapena kufa ndi njala. Chotero kulimbana ndi yolimbirana pakati pa zomera chifukwa kuti chinyontho zambiri kapena dzuwa.

ubwenzi ndale

Palinso anthu a mitundu ubale pakati pa zamoyo, pamene mbali zonse simulandira phindu kapena kuwavulaza. Ngakhale kuti amakhala dera limodzi, iwo kwathunthu kanthu wamba. Ngati mbali imodzi ya ubwenzi kutha kwa nkhope ya dziko, mbali yachiwiri ndi siwokhuzidwa.

Motero, m'mayiko ofunda, herbivores osiyana kudya masamba a mtengo womwewo. Akadyamsonga kudya masamba amene ali pamwamba. Iwo kwambiri zokoma ndi zokoma. Ndipo herbivores ena kudya zotsala za kukula pansipa. Akadyamsonga saletsa nawo ndipo musamwenso chakudya. Chifukwa nyama m'munsi sangafikire masamba, amene kudya mkulu. mkulu A sizimatanthauza zosinthira ndi chakudya kuchokera ena.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maubwenzi pakati pa zamoyo. Ndipo kuphunzira a iwo mophweka. Koma m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti zonse mu chikhalidwe chiri cholukanalukana. zambiri kuposa nyama ndi zomera bwanji mzake zabwino kapena zoipa, osachepera musati bwanji mu njira iliyonse. Koma ngakhale iwo mbali imodzi, sizitanthauza kuti kutha kwa munthu sangathe kuzitsogolera imfa ya wina. Kubverana zamoyo - mbali yofunika ya dziko.