Kapangidwe ka modabwitsa lapansi. Kapangidwe ka Scyphozoa

Pakati invertebrates ya m'madzi - okhala nyanja, gulu la zamoyo otchedwa scyphoids. Ali m'mitundu iwiri kwachilengedwenso - polypoid ndi medusoid yodziwika ndi thunthu lawo ndi moyo. Nkhaniyi iyankha kapangidwe ka modabwitsa ndi, komanso mbali ya moyo wake.

General makhalidwe Maphunziro scyphoids

Tizilombo timeneti ndi a coelenterates mtundu ndipo yekha moyo m'madzi. Scyphomedusae, zithunzi zimene pansipa ndi belu kapena ambulera mawonekedwe a thupi, ndipo palokha - chimaonekera ndipo gelatinous, imakhala mesogloea. nyama zonse za m'gulu limeneli ndi lamulo lachiwiri ndi ogula ndi kudya zooplankton.

Zamoyo yodziwika ndi zozungulira (zozungulira) chosokonekera ya thupi: mbali anatomically zofanana, komanso zimakhala ndi ziwalo oyenerera radially ku kotenga pakati olamulira. Ndi chibadidwe nyama, kuonera akuyandama mu ndime madzi, komanso mitundu amene amangokhala (anemones) kapena pang'onopang'ono amalowa pamodzi gawo lapansi (starfish, nyanja urchins).

Kunja dongosolo. malo

Popeza scyphoids oimira ndi lifeforms awiri - modabwitsa ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, kuyang'ana pa thunthu lawo lomwe lili kusiyana. Poyamba tikukambirana dongosolo kunja modabwitsa lapansi. Kutembenuza m'munsi nyama belu pansi, ife tikupeza pakamwa m'mphepete mwa tentacles. Iwo amagwira ntchito ziwiri: kungolandira mbali ya chakudya ndipo amachotsa zotsalira undigested izo. zamoyo amatchedwa protostomes. Chinyama thupi awiri wosanjikiza tichipeza ectoderm ndi endoderm. Mitundu inawo m'matumbo (cha chapamimba) patsekeke. Choncho dzina: mtundu wa coelenterates.

Kusiyana pakati pa zigawo za thupi ladzala ndi mandala misa odzola ngati - mesoglea. maselo Ectodermal ntchito thandizo, galimoto ndi ntchito yoteteza. Chinyama ali ndi chikwama cha khungu-akulu, kupereka kayendedwe ake m'madzi. Kapangidwe anatomical wa modabwitsa ndi m'malo zovuta, monga ecto- ndi endoderm ndi kusiyanitsidwa mu zosiyanasiyana mitundu selo. Kuwonjezera kuphimba ndi minofu mu wosanjikiza lakunja ndi zambiri maselo wapakatikati, regenerative opaleshoni Mbali (chomwe angachire gawo kuonongeka kwa thupi nyama).

N'zochititsa chidwi kapangidwe ka neurocytes mu scyphoids. Iwo ali nyenyezi-mphako ndi njira zawo entwine ndi ectoderm ndi endoderm, kupanga masango - ikuluikulu. Mantha dongosolo la mtundu uwu umatchedwa akakufunsani.

Endoderm ndi ntchito zake

The M'kati mitundu pa scyphoids dongosolo gastrovascular kuchokera m'mimba lumen cheza achoke njira m'mimba alimbane ndi glandular (secreting madzi m'mimba) ndi maselo phagocytic. nyumba Awa ndi maselo waukulu kuphwanya particles chakudya. chimbudzi The nawonso khungu ndi dongosolo minofu thumba. Iwo apanga pseudopods Kakhungu, ndi zosangalatsa ndi retractors organic particles. Phagocytic maselo pseudopods chimbudzi ikuchitika mitundu iwiri: okhudza maselo ambiri (monga protists) ndi cavitary chibadidwe mwadongosolo nyama multicellular.

maselo lobaya

Tiyenera kupitiriza kuphunzira kapangidwe ka Scyphozoa ndi kuganizira njira imene nyama ndiotetezedwa, komanso kuukira atavutika angathe. Mu scyphoids pali dzina lina mwadongosolo: Cnidarians kalasi. Iwo likukhalira kuti ectodermal wosanjikiza, iwo anakonza maselo wapadera - nettle, kapena obaya, komabe wotchedwa knidotsitami. Iwo zili m'milomo ndi tentacles nyama. Mu zochita za makina zikuchitika ulusi ili mu maselo kapisozi nettle mofulumira ejected, napyoza thupi wovulalayo. Scyphoids poizoni, ozama knidotsel amapha kuti invertebrates zomera ndi nsomba mphutsi. Anthu iwo amayambitsa zizindikiro za urticaria ndi khungu hyperthermia.

zokhudzira

Pamodzi m'mbali mwa modabwitsa belu chithunzi anapereka m'munsimu, mukhoza kuona tentacles adzafupikitsidwa, wotchedwa maselo malire - rhopalium. awiri limba imalandira opezeka iwo: pamaso (maso kuti adzatani kuunika) ndipo mgwirizano (statocysts, akukhala nawo maonekedwe a timiyala laimu). Ndi thandizo lawo scyphoids kuphunzira za kuyandikira mkuntho: mafunde oganiza osiyanasiyana 8 mpaka 13 Hz limakhumudwitsa statocysts ndi nyama msanga amapita kwambiri m'nyanja.

dongosolo ubereki ndi kubalana

Kupitiriza kuphunzira dongosolo la modabwitsa (chithunzi pansipa), idzafotokoza dongosolo scyphoids ubereki. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi gonads, wa matumba anapanga chapamimba M'mimbamo ndi chiyambi ectodermal. Popeza nyama zimenezi dioecious, dzira ndi umuna kupyolera mwa pakamwa ndi umuna kumachitika mu madzi. Zygote akuyamba onongani ndi kupanga limodzi wosanjikiza nyongolosi - blastula, ndipo Kuchokera m'menemo - larva otchedwa planuly.

Iwo amayandama momasuka, ndiye Ufumuyo gawo lapansi ndi limakhala polyp (stsifistomu). Zimakhala idzaphuka, komanso amatha strobilation. Ndimapanga okwana wamng'ono modabwitsa otchedwa esters. Iwo amagwira ku kutsinde chapakati. Kapangidwe ka modabwitsa ndipo alibe ku strobe, ndi ichi: ali zozungulira njira dongosolo, pakamwa, tentacles, rhopalium ndi zoyambira za zopangitsa za kugonana.

Choncho, dongosolo la isiyana modabwitsa asexual stsifistomy anthu amene ali ndi mawonekedwe conical ndi kukula kwa 1-3 mamilimita amamangiriridwa pamwamba kudzera phesi. Pakamwa atazunguliridwa korona wa tentacles, ndi chapamimba M'mimbamo ogaŵikana matumba 4.

Kodi kusuntha scyphoids

Medusa angathe ndege zosagwiritsa. Iye mwadzidzidzi amakankhira gawo la madzi ndi ukusunthira patsogolo. Ambulera wa nyama pa nthawi yomweyo yafupika nthawi 100-140 pa mphindi. Kuphunzira kapangidwe ka Scyphozoa Mwachitsanzo, kapena Rhizostoma Aurelia, taona nyumba ngati anatomical ngati sac khungu-akulu. Iwo lili ectoderm ndi, maselo oyenera efferent ubongo m'mphepete ake CHIKWANGWANI mphete ndi mfundo. Malemeredwe imafalikira nyumba khungu-akulu, kotero kuti ambulera ali wothinikizidwa, ndiye chiwawa, kukankhira nyama patsogolo.

Features wa scyphoids zachilengedwe

Izi oimira gulu la a coelenterates wamba m'nyanja ofunda, ndi ozizira madzi Arctic. Aurelia - Scyphozoa, thupi kapangidwe amene tinkaphunzira, amakhala ku Black, Azov. Pali ambiri ndi nthumwi zina kalasi - Rhizostoma (rizostoma). yamkaka-woyera wake ambulera m'mbali wofiirira kapena buluu ndipo protuberances lobes m'kamwa amafanana mizu. Tchuthi mu alendo Crimea zimadziŵa mtundu izi ndi kuyesera kukhala kusamba oimira lake maselo monga lobaya cinyama chifukwa chaukali "amayaka" za thupi. Ropilema, komanso Aurelia, amakhala ku nyanja ya Japan. Mtundu rhopalium ake pinki kapena chikasu, ndipo zophuka ambiri chala ngati. Mesoglea ambulera mitundu onse ntchito ku khitchini la China ndi Japan wotchedwa "Krustalo nyama."

Tsianeya - wokhala kuzizira madzi Arctic, ndi mmene kanyamaka waukulu. Utali tentacles ake ukufika 30-35 m, ndi ambulera awiri - 2-3.5 mamita mkango manyenje kapena tsianeya Waubweya ali subspecies awiri :. Japanese ndi buluu. Njoka maselo lobaya ili pa m'mbali mwa ambulera ndi pa tentacles, ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa anthu.

Taphunzira Kapangidwe ka Scyphozoa, ndipo bwino peculiarities wa moyo wawo.