Contemporary amanena Sociological

Sociology sayansi chinayamba m'zaka 19 mwa ntchito za French wasayansi Auguste Comte. Woyambitsa wa Chaanthu Auguste Comte poyamba kufunika kulenga sayansi ya anthu. Iye ndiye tate wa malangizo positivist.

Magawo a Development Sociology

   Mavuto okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe, kuganizira Plato ndi Aristotle ku Greece wakale, T. Moore, Francis Bacon ndi Machiavelli mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano, Thomas Hobbes, John. Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu masiku ano.

M'zaka za m'ma 19, Chaanthu iyamba kukhala mwachangu. Pali ntchito ya Herbert Spencer, Comte, Marx, Chichewa. nthawi iyi angatchedwe gawo loyamba la chitukuko cha sayansi chikhalidwe (1840-1880 gg.).

Gawo lachiwiri (1890-1920 gg.), Zamoyo wa sayansi wa anthu wakhala kugwirizana ndi kukula njira sociological kusanthula ndi chitukuko cha zida categorical. Positivist pakati Herbert Spencer ndi Auguste Comte anapitiriza kukhala ku ntchito za French wasayansi Emile Durkheim, woyambitsa chiphunzitso, zochokera kusanthula zinchito mabungwe chikhalidwe. Padziko ino, amayamba sukulu sayansi Max Weber, woyambitsa wa "kumvetsetsa" Chaanthu, amene, mu maganizo ake, ayenera kumvetsa chikhalidwe ndi kufotokoza chitukuko ndi zotsatira.

Gawo lachitatu (1920 ndi 1960) amakhala ndi chiyambi cha chitukuko yogwira Chaanthu mu United States, ndi chigawo ake wazotsatira. Zofunika kwambiri pa siteji iyi ndi chiphunzitso cha Talcott Parsons, amene amalola ife kuimira anthu monga ngati wamphamvu dongosolo zinchito. Charles Mills adalenga otchedwa "Chaanthu watsopano" womwe unawonjezera chitukuko ya Sociology kanthu ndi yovuta.

. Gawo lachinayi mu chitukuko cha sayansi, yomwe inayamba mu 1960, zinali zosiyanasiyana njira, mfundo, ndi chiwerengero cha olemba: Robert Merton chiphunzitso, ethnomethodology H. Garfinkel, chiphunzitso cha ophiphiritsa interactionism G. Mead ndi G. Bloomer, chiphunzitso nkhondo ndi Encoder ena.

Contemporary Sociological Chiphunzitsochi

Woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula structural-functionalist kuphunzira anthu, anali A. Radcliffe-Brown. Anawona anthu monga ngati superorganism kuti ali zinthu zonse zofunikira kuli kodi kwenikweni, pali mabungwe chikhalidwe. B. Malinowski anati mfundo ntchito ndi ntchito njira functionalist kuphunzira chikhalidwe. Parsons imatengedwa tate wa boma zinchito lingaliro. Inafotokozanso anakamba R. Merton, amene anayambitsa mfundo ziphunzitso m'ma mlingo.

Contemporary Sociological amanena monga komanso chiphunzitso cha ophiphiritsa interactionism, amene akufotokozera J. G. Mead ndi Charles Cooley. Umunthu amakhulupirira Charles Cooley, chifukwa cha kulankhulana. Umunthu munthu wamkulu kudzera mogwirizana (mogwirizana) pakati pa anthu. J. G. Mead adafotokoza mfundo yakuti munthu ndi chikhalidwe kanthu ayenera kupangidwa ndi thandizo la zilembo yotengedwa ndi anthu mu ndondomeko ya socialization.

Modern ziphunzitso sociological simungathe kulingalira lero popanda phenomenological Chaanthu A. Schyutsa, amene ananena kuti zochitika kulibe mwachindunji m'maganizo ndi zosagwirizana ndi mfundo zokhutiritsa. P. Berger ndi T. Lukman anadziwika ntchito yake pa kumanga chikhalidwe cha chowonadi. Ndi Peter Berger ndi Thomas Luckmann anthu akhoza kukhalapo nthawi imodzi cholinga ndi zotengera malingaliridwe zenizeni.

Tonga oimira Wachiwiri-Marxism anali Adorno, Marcuse, Habermas, Erich Fromm. Marxists zofunika methodological mfundo: kudzipereka kwa umunthu, positivism, ndi kukana kwake mfundo nawo ndi mfundo, kumasula munthu ku mitundu ambiri osiyanasiyana yokumba.

Bourdieu, woyambitsa wa structuralism zaphindu, anayesa kupewa kukumana kwa Chaanthu ongolankhula ndi wazotsatira.

Izi ndi zofunika masiku ano ziphunzitso sociological.