Jürgen Habermas: yonena, zilandiridwenso, osagwidwa

Jürgen Habermas - German nzeru zapamwamba ndi Katswiri. Kuyambira 1964 iye ndi pulofesa mu Frankfurt. Iye anakhala nzeru ena chachikulu munthawi yathu ino, chifukwa cha omasukirana cha maganizo ndi posonyeza kukonda nkhani ya kuthetsa kusamvana popanda chiwawa. Kudziwika anabwera Jürgen Habermas pambuyo mndandanda wa zionetsero anthu ndi nzeru ena wake wotchuka nthawi yake.

ubwana

Anabadwa mu nthawi ya mavuto a ndale (18 June 1929) m'tauni yaing'ono ya Düsseldorf, Jürgen Habermas anali mmodzi wa ana awo German amene poyera mabodza akuluakulu kuti agwirizane ndi Hitler Youth. magwero ambiri amanena kuti Habermas wakhala m'gulu la Nazi. Mu 2006, nkhani ya adaunyema manyazi zazikulu zokhudza mabuku otchuka German.

Wolemba mbiri wotchuka Franz Ulrih Veler anatsutsa zimenezi, kutchula chakuti Jürgen anali ku malformation kubadwa - mng'aru mlomo. Yekha Jürgen Habermas, ndi chithunzi chimene atsimikiza izi mwangwiro, anayesera mwakukhoza kwake kupewa kukambirana. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iye sakanakhoza agwirizane bungwe, amene anatengedwa kupita ku malo okha "wangwiro Aryans." Komabe, akukhulupirira kuti nzeru zapamwamba m'tsogolo pa zaka 14 anapereka maphunziro kwa anthu a Hitler Youth kuwasamalira pangozi.

Wotchuka nzeru zapamwamba Jürgen Habermas, amene yonena wasinthira chidwi kwambiri wake kaonedwe sayansi, anachita chidwi ndale ndi ubale wa anthu mu masiku sukulu.

Mapangidwe zinthu sayansi

zaka sukulu Jürgen zinachitika mu zolimbitsa thupi Gummersbach. Apa, anthu Mtsikana wina aliyense lipoti pa za momwe ikuyendera asilikali German kum'mawa ndi chimwemwe aluntha. Poyambirira, tauni akuzigawo pankhondo anakhala pakati mafakitale. Apa anabweretsa antchito - akaidi ku mayiko anagonjetsa a ku Ulaya. Zimenezi m'mlengalenga ndi abwino a Jürgen anapanga.

Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, iye anayamba intensively kuphunzira nzeru, maganizo, Chaanthu ndi mbiri. Jürgen chinkhoswe pa University Zurich, Göttingen ndi Bonn. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, iye ankafuna kuyesa yekha monga mtolankhani wina. Habermas wachita monga odzichitira pawokha wantchito Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung ndi Handelsblatt. Kudziwika anabwera kwa iye pa zaka 24, pambuyo kugwa zotsutsa titaniyamu German nzeru mu zaka Martina Haydeggera. Jürgen Martin poyera kukaneneza propaganda Nazi.

Mu ndondomeko yaitali rethinking zenizeni chi Habermas anayamba kupanga lingaliro la mbali kulankhula za kusagwirizanako. Iye akukhulupirira kuti kusankha zomveka mu ndondomeko kukambirana kukhala chifukwa nkhani - otchedwa ndondomeko ya kumvetsa bwino anthu ndi mfundo ya moyo.

Zilandiridwenso Jürgen Habermas

Mfundo kuyambira pa chiphunzitso sociological wa Habermas ndi 2 Zikhulupiriro:

1. Moyo dziko - lilili, mabwenzi onse chikhalidwe (kubanja, abwenzi, ntchito). Iwo limafanana ndi rationality kulankhula.
2. System dziko - ndi anonymous ndi malonda ena. Iwo limafanana ndi rationality malangizo.

Imodzi mwa ntchito zikuluzikulu za Habermas ndi "chiphunzitso cha kulankhula Action", kumene lingaliro pachiyambi cha anthu.

Chidwi kwambiri ndi lingaliro nzeru zapamwamba German wa zimachitika masiku ano anthu ambiri. Jürgen Habermas akusiyanitsa chilichonse pa kulankhulana (amene cholinga kupereka kuzindikira) ndi ofunda (chifukwa wokonda).

Nthanthi nkhani ya modernity - ndi buku limene limakhala 12 nkhani Jürgen Habermas, amene anawerenga zingapo mayunivesite European. Choyamba lofalitsidwa mu 1985. Ndiye anali wopambana kwambiri ndipo wachititsa zotsatira amphamvu mabwalo aluntha. Mpaka lero, bukhu sanataye kufunika kwake. Ntchito yake, Habermas ikufotokoza nkhani ya tsiku, zingwe pamodzi maganizo a mbali ndi adani a chikhalidwe postmodern.

Kodi chidwi masiku ano ndale sayansi ndi Chaanthu Jürgen Habermas? Wambiri, mwachidule pofotokoza ntchito yake chikhalidwe, amatilola kutsatira mapangidwe malingaliro Wachiwiri-Marxist.

Kuphunzitsa ndi kafukufuku

Kuyambira mu 1964 mpaka 1994, Jürgen Habermas, Mutu wa Dipatimenti ya Philosophy ndi Sociology ya University of Frankfurt. maonekedwe ake anali furor ophunzira. Anagwa mchikondi ndi whistleblowers mfundo mlandu. Nthawi imeneyi Hambermas akhala m'modzi wa oimira waukulu wa m'badwo wachiwiri wa theorists Wachiwiri-Marxist. Komabe, chidwi cha ophunzira kuti nzeru zapamwamba wotchuka anali atapita pambuyo otsiriza sanagwirizane zimene mmodzi wa theoreticians ndi otsogolera "Kumanzere" Rudi Dutschke.

Izi zimachitika motere. Mu 1967 mu Berlin pakubwera Shah Irana Mohammed ananyamuka Pehlevin. Western ophunzira European kuchita zionetsero ndi makhalidwe a dzikoli. Kenako, zotsatira msonkhano zachiwawa ndi kumenyana ndi apolisi, chifukwa cha chimene chinapha wophunzira Benno Ohnesorg. Habermas ali poyera ananena kuti Dutschke ndi lamanzere ndi apolisi lopondereza amakwiya chiwawa.

Mu 70s wa Jürgen ndikukhazikitsa pulogalamu ya maphunziro malinga ndi malangizo a Democratic Social Party wa Germany. Mu 1994, nzeru zapamwamba anapuma.

Jürgen Habermas: makoti

Jürgen Habermas mfundo zochokera kuwonjezeka rationality kulankhulana anthu. Pambali wa nzeru zapamwamba boma limanena kuti boma moyo chifukwa cha coexistence mtendere wa bizinesi ndi demokalase.

maubwenzi a anthu Jürgen cholinga kuti waphindu. Iye ankakhulupirira chifukwa chimene chinaperekedwa kwa munthu kulankhula naye wodzikweza. Maganizo nzeru zapamwamba za kupalamula. "Ndi chizindikiro cha kusakhulupirira kwa ntchito ndi limodzi mwa chifuniro kugawanika."

Kutsutsa Jürgen Habermas

Otsutsa ndi chiphunzitso cha kulankhula kanthu Habermas anatsutsana naye kuti vuto lake yabwino vutoli, pangano sanali zachiwawa ndi kutali kwambiri panopa. Kumbali ya nkhanza ndi irrationality njira anthu amenewa kulankhulana ndi achabechabe.

Mwachitsanzo, J. Meehan m'mawu oyamba a zopereka, "The feminists tikuwerenga Habermas," analemba kuti: pakuti mphamvu zonse za kulenga za maganizo amenewa, impregnated ndi liberalism ndi kufuna kuteteza ufulu wa anthu, Zatsala kwambiri wamwamuna. Malinga ndi kunena kwa Meehan, chikutanthauza kuti palibe akuyesetsa kumvetsa nkhani pakati pa nzeru ya Habermas.

moyo

Adakali wophunzira pa University of Jürgen akukumana mkazi wakeyu. Atatero, anagawana zozama ndale kukhumudwa boma amene analamulira pa nthawi mu Germany. Panopa Habermas kuchita zinthu sayansi.

maganizo Political Jürgen Habermas umalimbana kulenga mfundo kusanduka chikhalidwe. nzeru zake amaona mu chitukuko ndi kupanga luso chidziwitso. Ntchito ya wasayansi wamkulu wakhala gwero lina ambiri asonyezedwa kwa ophunzira nzeru ndi Chaanthu.

malingaliro amakono Kutsutsana Habermas anali yofunika kwambiri kuti chilengedwe zitsanzo lokhalamo nkani za ndale ndi chikhalidwe.