Wotchuka nzeru ena: Agiriki akale - anayambitsa njira kupeza ndi kudziwa chowonadi

mawu wakale akatswiri otchuka ndi lero amenewo akukantha mwakuya awo. Mu tinkasangalalira, Agiriki akale kuti zosiyanasiyana zokhudza malamulo a chitukuko cha anthu ndi chirengedwe, ndi malo munthu mu dziko. Chotero nzeru ena odziwika bwino monga Socrates, Plato ndi Aristotle analenga wapadera njira kuphunzira, omwe ntchito lero mu sayansi onse. Choncho, aliyense wophunzira aliyense lero ayenera kumvetsa mfundo zazikulu zimene anabweretsa anzeru kwambiri.

Wotchuka wakale Agiriki anakhala makolo a sayansi onse ndi osauka maziko awo ongolankhula. Mogwirizana ndi kukongola - maziko a aliyense wa maganizo awo. N'chifukwa chake Ahelene, mosiyana ndi anzawo Aigupto, nafuna kuthana yekha ndi chiphunzitso, kuopera kuti ntchito adzawononga kukongola kumva za mosiyana.

za akatswiri chidwi Greece wakale - ndi koposa zonse, Socrates, Plato ndi Aristotle. Ndi nawo ndi mukufunika kuphunzira chitukuko cha njira kufufuza choonadi. Izi nzeru ena odziwika analenga mfundo zofunika kuti alandira kale chitukuko mwachindunji mu ntchito anzawo, kuphatikizapo m'nthawi yathu. Tiyeni tikambirane mfundo iliyonse ya zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Socrates ndi woyambitsa wa njira dialectical wa kupeza ndi kudziwa choonadi. Mfundo zofunika kwambiri chinali chikhulupiriro mu intelligibility za dziko lapansi mwa chizindikiritso cha iye yekha. Malinga ndi Socrates, munthu wochenjera si angathe zoipa, kotero chidziwitso mu chikhalidwe analenga ukoma ofanana. maganizo ake onse, nawatanthawuzira ophunzira ake pakamwa mu mawonekedwe a kukambirana. Otsutsa nthawizonse zakhala amatha kufotokoza maganizo awo, koma mphunzitsi pafupifupi nthawi zonse anakwanitsa kuwasintha kuzindikira incorrectness a maudindo awo, kenako zotuluka pa maganizo ake, kuyambira Socrates - ndi woyambitsa wa wapadera, "Socratic" njira mkangano. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Socrates sanagwirizane ndi mfundo za demokalase Greek, chifukwa ankakhulupirira kuti munthu amene sanachite munkani zandale, alibe ufulu kulankhula za izo.

Zonse mwamakono odziwika idealist nzeru ena kudalira kwenikweni za Plato. Mosiyana ndi Socrates, dziko lake lomwe tikukhala sanena mfundo cholinga. Zinthu - izo zangokhala kusonyeza zinachitika wosatha ndi wosasintha. Kukongola Plato - ndi lingaliro pachiyambi, amene alibe makhalidwe, koma amene amamvera mphindi wapadera wa kudzoza. Zinthu zonsezi bwino anaika mu ntchito monga "State The", "Phaedrus" ndi "Phwando."

Aristotle linkadziwika mphunzitsi wa mkulu kwambiri Aleksandra Makedonskogo, ngakhale iye anali mwana wa Plato, koma malingaliro ake pa chikhalidwe cha zinthu chinali chomveka kutsutsana. Kukongola kwa iye - ichi ndi cholinga katundu, kumene kungakhale chibadidwe zinthu zina. Yankholo mu chosokonekera ndi mgwirizano wa kufanana. N'chifukwa chake Aristotle amamangirira wofunika kwambiri kwa masamu. Koma baba woona wa sayansi, ndithudi, anakhala Pythagoras.