Amatha kuumba - temberero la Tutankhamen?

Iye anali zaka zoposa 200000000. Ndi wamkulu monga dziko. Iye ndi wokongola komanso amazipanga chonyansa kwa mantha. Ndi kuthekera kuchipha ndi kupulumutsidwa ku imfa. Zonsezi - za nkhungu kapena amatha kuumba.

Kodi tanthauzo ali nkhungu pa moyo wathu? Chilengedwe walenga amatha kuumba? Ndipotu, iwo kunyansidwa. Koma chifukwa iwo, kapena kani, penicillin, anapulumutsidwa masauzande anavulazidwa pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya Dziko Lonse, ndipo pambuyo mapeto a maantibayotiki mozizwitsa zaka zambiri chakhala mbe mankhwala monga chida chachikulu mu nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda opatsirana.

bwino za kupambana kwa tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso umenewu mu filimu "Nkhungu". Amatha kuumba - mtundu wa moyo umene umakhala zamoyo kuti kuphatikiza mbali ya zomera ndi nyama. Gulu zamoyo ali ndi 100,000 mitundu, koma asayansi anafotokoza mpaka 5% ya iwo. Amatha kuumba azipereka mwamtheradi kulikonse: mu mlengalenga, pa dziko, mu madzi.

amaonedwa zomera kwa nthawi yaitali. Kapangidwe bowa, luso kawetedwe ndi kukula (ndi unrestricted), pamaso pa maselo makoma, kulephera kusuntha - katundu onse a zomera. Komabe, mu bowa palibe wotchedwa chlorophyll, chimene chikutanthauza kuti satha photosynthesize, lomwe ndi khalidwe zapadera mbewu. Mtundu wa chakudya iwo heterotrophic, maziko a linga selo - chitin, mu nzeru urea ntchito. M'mawu ena, nkhungu bowa, eg ndi njira za mphamvu ofanana ndi nyama. Komabe, pali ofala, amene salola kuti m'kagulu wa bowa kwa dziko nyama: a perforations khoma dikaryons intercellular gawo. Chifukwa cha kwambiri kutsutsana ndi kusinkhasinkha bowa ndi ufulu mitundu osiyana.

Nkhungu bowa, nayenso, anawagawa osiyanasiyana: Penicillium spp, Aspergillus, moniliaceae, dematiaceae, fusarium, acremonium, onychocola canadensis ..

Ikani bowa mu mlengalenga (tosaoneka spores). N'ngopatsirana, kumenya sing'anga abwino ndi chinyezi wina ndi kutentha, germinates ndi mitundu makosi, womwe kupanga mycelium. Ichi ndi chimene ife timachitcha nkhungu. Kunja, ife tikhoza kuchiona icho mu mawonekedwe a mawanga mdima pa makoma achinyezi.

Inu mwaziwona mkate yankhungu? The madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda sporganiyami. Mu ina ngati muli anthu pafupifupi 50,000 spores. Mu masiku ochepa mkangano imabereka mamiliyoni a mtundu wawo!

Iwo amadyetsa nkhungu? Amatulutsa michere kuti kuphwanya mamolekyulu mu mankhwala chosavuta, amene kenako odzipereka. Popeza kuti nkhungu sangathe kuyenda, ali mu chakudya palokha ndipo zimatenga chimodzimodzi. N'koopsa thupi, ngati spores ake ingested kapena Mpweya. Komabe, katundu zingakhale zothandiza.

The antibacterial nkhungu wobiriwira chinamasulidwa mu 1928, wasayansi Aleksandrom Flemingom. Nkhungu, wotchedwa Penicillium notatum, amapha mabakiteriya, pamene otsala vuto lililonse kuti zinyama ndi anthu. Zinali kupezeka ndipo anali kutsogolera kwa kupanga penicillin. Nkhungu analandira ntchito kupanga mankhwala ntchito pa matenda a mutu waching'alang'ala, thrombophlebitis, matenda Parkinson.

Koma tanthauzo lake sunali. Wotchuka tchizi (Brie, Chidanishi buluu, Camembert, Roquefort, Gorgonzola) amapangitsa kukoma kwake khalidwe ndi nkhungu kapena amatha kuumba edible. Izi ndi zoona kwa msuzi soya, salami, mowa.

Ndi bwino kuti ntchito winemaking. Mphesa, imene imagwiritsidwa kuchuluka anakhumba nkhungu ntchito popanga vinyo wabwino. Izo kumawonjezera ndende ya shuga amapanga vinyo kwambiri.

Komabe, katundu phindu nkhungu sizikupanga izo kupatula zoopsa. Asuri mu VI m'ma BC ergot ntchito ngati chida zamoyo chiphe madzi mu zitsime. Nkhungu limapezeka pa spikelets rye, zimapangitsa anthu omangana, kuyabwa, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, chilonda.

Amatha kuumba ali ponseponse ndipo omnivorous. Zimapezeka ngakhale mu mlengalenga mwakuwoneka woyera. Ndi chitetezo chokwanira bwino, tingathe kupewa mikangano zoipa. Timakumana akusowa kungadzutse kuchuluka kwa bowa mu matupi athu kuti akhoza kuyambitsa matenda aakulu, ngakhale imfa.

Kumbukirani za mndandanda wa imfa lachinsinsi la asayansi omwe anaphunzira manda a Tutankhamun? Press chakumene pamene mutu wakuti "Temberero la Tutankhamun", kupereka owerenga zonse mantha ndi chinsinsi nkhani. Patapita zinaonekeratu kuti amachirikiza tsoka anayamba kuumba bowa, mitundu owopsa - Aspergillus Niger.

"Temberero la Tutankhamun" angapezeke mu nthawi yathu. Izi bowa oopsa zikukhazikitsa m'makomo athu: m'chimbudzi, mu chimbudzi, mu zapansi, chinyontho ukapita makoma. Wamisala ng'ombe matenda ndi chimfine avian zambiri otsika kuopsa bowa izi. Mwachitsanzo, ena ziwerengero. Mu Paris mu 2004 bowa izi anafa kawiri kuposa dziko la chimfine mbalame.

Amatha kuumba kukula padziko iliyonse. Asayansi anatha kupeza iwo ngakhale mu chopopera. Imeneyi ndi yaying'ono-chamoyo kubereka pogonana. ankawalamulira moyo toyesa a amuna ndi akazi. Malinga ndi asayansi, amatha kuumba siumafa ngakhale mwambo ndi mavuto padziko lonse.

Ubale wa munthu kuumba nthawi osasamalidwa. Ena kudula gawo anakhudzidwa mkate, kapena kuchotsa izo kwa kupanikizana, ndi kudya zina, osati ngakhale kudziwa mmene koopsa ndi! .. yankhungu mankhwala sayenera kudyedwa. Kudula zinkakhala m'dera sikungathetse vutolo, monga kale kachilombo mankhwala lonse. Sikutheka moyo kumene nkhungu moyo.

Kudziwa za ngozi nkhungu asalowe inu mu mantha. Oddly zokwanira, koma chifukwa chachikulu kukula mofulumira mliri lili ndi mantha. ubongo amatha kugula kuopa thupi, maselo anayamba "mantha" anapanga tochepa, otchedwa timadzi imfa. M'chitetezo likhoza maganizo mafunde positive. Popanda nkhungu dziko sizikanakhoza kukhala moyo. Mu chikhalidwe palibe muyeso, wachina chilichonse ulalo mu mzere wamphamvu yaitali. Ndipo kuti tizikumbukira bwanji osalimba dziko lino, chikhalidwe watipatsa chikumbutso, monga dalitso ndi temberero pa nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo dzina lake - nkhungu ...