Kodi theodolite? Mbali yaikulu ya theodolite ndi mfundo opaleshoni, ntchito

Geodesy - mmodzi wa sayansi yakale kwambiri mu dziko. M'zaka za m'ma 17, asayansi anayamba kuyambitsa woyamba mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane chingwe zida, amene anali theodolite. Kodi theodolite? Nchifukwa Chiyani Kumafunikira? Chifukwa theodolites ntchito lero? Tiyeni tiyese kuthana ndi nkhani zimenezi.

Information pa theodolite

Theodolite - mwatsatanetsatane geodetic chida cholinga kuona kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino (yopingasa ndi ofukula) kwa woyeza. Theodolite ndi U-mphako ndipo lili oikapo.

Part wa theodolite ndi mmene ntchito

Aliyense ngodya kuyeza chipangizo kapangidwe anapereka otsatirawa mbali yaikulu:

• Telescope ndi kuwonjezeka mu multiplicity zina, pa mizati tregernyh. Izo zikuwoneka amatsata.
• Ofukula ndi yopingasa (nthambi) mawu amene kuwerengetsa.
• Maso (shkalovoy kapena mzere) chifukwa kuwerenga mabwalo.
• Swivel osiyanasiyana TACHIMATA zikoti ake, mwamphamvu amakondanso nthambi (alidade).
• Zomangira koipa ndi adaputala, kulola bwino kusintha ndi kukonza malo chipangizo.
• Chowongolera, kapena chingwe cholungamitsira kuwala, amene amalola kudziwa malo enieni a chida m'deralo mfundo.
• Miyendo itatu kuti unsembe wa theodolite a.

Gawo

Malinga ndi mfundo ya theodolites ndi anawagawa kuwala, laser, digito ndi Zithunzi.

Kodi theodolite kuwala? Awa ndi zolondola ndi odalirika okhota chida kuti sikutanthauza mabatire kuntchito, ndipo kwambiri wodzichepetsa ntchito. Zitsanzo umatulutsa lonse goniometric. Internal kukumbukira kulibe, choncho nthawi zonse umachitikira munda tsikulo.

Kodi laser theodolite? goniometer ichi, kuchita zinthu motsatira zochokera ntchito matabwa laser ntchito ngati zizindikiro zolondola. Kuyeza zida ndi zakutali ndi coherent lonse. Miyezo anapangidwa mu mode yodzichitira ndi kuwonetsedwa.

Kodi theodolite digito? Maziko a chipangizo izi bala malamulo chimbale, zomwe m'malo mabwalo mwachizolowezi. Miyezo anachita basi. Kawirikawiri pomanga anapereka ndi kukumbukira zimene zimasunga deta ya miyeso. Theodolites LCD ndi zakudya ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa otsika kutentha.

Phototheodolites - palokha kalasi goniometer. Goniometer amapanga olumikizidwa kwa kamera kapena kanema kamera. Iwo ntchito kudziwa ndondomeko ya zinthu kapena njira.

Malinga ndi theodolites yomanga anawagawa yosavuta refresher. Mu zipangizo yosavuta alidade imazungulira paokha ku limbus lapansi. The repeater iwo akhoza atembenuza paokha kapena ichitikire.

Malinga molondola goniometer ogaŵikana mitundu itatu:

• Mwatsatanetsatane (zolakwa zosakwana 1 wachiwiri).
• Enieni (kwa masekondi 2 10).
• Luso (kwa mphindi 0,25 kuti 0,5).

Kuyamba

Choyezera mfundo Buku amusankha, imene digiri yapamwamba molondola wayikidwa chipangizo. Mu nkhani ya kafukufuku subterranean kuti kumachitika pamene ntchito yoyeza theodolite wokwera pansi.

Telescope ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe pa mlingo diso. Theodolite anaika pamwamba mfundo pa diso kupita maimidwe, kenako ndendende ntchito kuwala kapena mpaka Bob. Atatu yopingasa zomangira nsanja kuthandiza kukhazikitsa malo yopingasa chipangizo pa mfundoyo. Kwa olamulira ofukula za chida cha chikugwirizana ndi chingwe ku malo chapakati cha mbale cylindrical ndi mlingo.

Komanso chipangizo chili, izo zili unsembe yolondola: nkhwangwa theodolite ndipo zimayenda mozungulira malo ananena za kuzungulira ndi cylindrical kuwira mlingo. Chigawo chimodzi pa sikelo ndi pazipita kololeka mlingo. Reticle, sitiroko ndi miyendo shkalovogo maso ayenera kuoneka bwino lomwe mu zakutali ndi.

kuyeza kumathandiza kupeza ngodya

Muyeso wa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino yopingasa theodolite ili. Alidade analipereka kwa anatsala za 30-40 madigiri ndi wotetezedwa. Ndi crosshairs zokayikitsa wononga anachititsa pa mfundo pamaso. Kuwerenga atengedwa theodolite. Komanso yolusa wononga lafooka ndi umalimbana mfundo zina, ndi kuwerenga atengedwa. Kuonjezera lolondola miyezo, m'pofunika ndi reshoot. Telescope anawamasulira kudzera pachimake pa, zitsanzo ndi kuchotsedwa. Zinthu zasayansi masamu pafupifupi muyeso chifukwa. Zotsatira zolakwa ndi kuwombera mobwerezabwereza sayenera kwambiri kuposa yolondola chida cha. The kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ofukula ali anayeza ofanana, koma ntchito bwalo choimirira.

Minda ya ntchito

Theodolite ntchito geodesy, zimachititsa chilumbachi, ntchito yomanga ndi m'madera ena kumene molondola mkulu chingwe chofunika. Theodolites zofunika:

• Pomanga maukonde geodetic ndi triangulation, adutsa.
• Mu kukafola mapu topographic ndi mapulani.
• Pamene ntchito yapachiweniweni (akukonzekera chosowa kapena yopingasa dongosolo udindo).

Theodolite - mmodzi wa zipangizo zofunika kwambiri geodetic, mmene molondola mkulu muyeso ndi multifunctionality. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ofukula ndi yopingasa. Ndi chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito, pamene mukufuna bwino chimatanthauza malo a chingwe chowongolera.