Kufotokozera Sampson Cathedral. Sampson Cathedral ku St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg ali chinachake kudabwa alendo. Drawbridges, lubwe embankments wa Neva ndi ozizira nambwibwi Tidamulenga mbiri ya St. Petersburg. Anthu ambiri mu mzindawu ndi zipilala zosiyanasiyana mapulani. likulu Northern, mosiyana Moscow, sangathe kudzitama chifukwa cha kusiya mu kuya kwa zaka zambiri mbiri, koma pali ena amakedzana. Cholinga cha nkhaniyi kukhala Sampson Cathedral ku St. Petersburg. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mipingo wakale, zisungidwe kuti masiku athu. Kuwonjezera pa zomangamanga chidwi, pa tchalitchi imatiuza ndi okhulupirira oona, chifukwa apo mukhoza kulambira zotsalira za St Sampson. Izi panopa tchalitchi rector amasankhidwa Mulingo wa archpriest Alexander Pelin. Koma mpingo muja ntchito owonetsera zakale. The iconostasis wapadera a tchalitchi si wapatali okha Akhristu Orthodox, koma wina mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe chidwi. Chipilala Peter Wamkulu komanso mwangozi kuika pafupi ndi mpingo. Ndipotu, Cathedral chikudalira kwambiri ndi mbiri ya dziko lathu ndi zigonjetso wake waulemerero.

prehistory

Mu Russia, kuyambira kalekale amaphunzira kumanga mpingo wodzipereka kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Ndipo anadzipereka kwa mipingo woyera, mu tsiku limenelo tsiku izi zinachitika mu kalendala Orthodox. Mwachitsanzo, kungachititse Mpingo wa St. Panteleimon. Tsiku kulemekeza yokumbukira chikondwerero ndi Orthodox pa 27 July. Pa tsiku ili mu 1714 ndipo mu 1720 Peter Wamkulu anapambana nkhondo ya Gangut ndi Grengam. Ndi Nzeru zomwezi chinaikidwa ndi Sampson Cathedral ku St. Petersburg. Koma chigonjetso anapambana asilikali Petra Velikogo pa tsiku la Nkhondo ya Poltava (June 27, zaka kalembedwe - July 8) mu 1709, anali zambiri zofunika kwambiri. Ndipotu likatembenuza mafunde mu Chirasha Swedish nkhondo. Choncho mbiri yakale kuunikira tanthauzo la Nkhondo ya Poltava. Ndipo kuyambira June 27 Orthodox chokumbukira M'busa Sampson ndi Mucherezane, dzina kachisi anali kale anaganiza kale linamangidwa. Peter Ine sanayembekezere akamaliza ntchito ndi kuyeretsedwa kwa mpingo zimene ife tikuziwona lero. Tinamaliza izo mu ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi Anny Ioannovny.

Mbiri ya Cathedral ndi

Petr Veliky moyenerera ankaganiza kuti kukumbukira Nkhondo ya Poltava akhalebe kukumbukira anthu onse Russian. Choncho, nthawi yomweyo pambuyo chigonjetso, anapereka malangizo kumanga Sampson Cathedral. malo anasankhidwa ndi kafungo izo. Patapita chaka, pa mbali ya njira yopita ku Vyborg - motsogozedwa Sweden, mpingo matabwa inamangidwa. Mu 1710 yomweyo anali opatulidwira ndipo dzina lake polemekeza Sampson ndi Mucherezane. Tsopano mu malo a mpingo wapachiyambi ndi yopemphereramo a tchalitchi. Popeza inali kunja malire mzinda wa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, anaganiza kukhazikitsa manda atsopano. Patatha zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, mu 1728, anayamba kumanga latsopano nyumba mwala. Komabe, nthawi zimachitika mu Russia, odzipatulira kwa yomanga nyumba analibe ndalama zokwanira. Yomanga unatha ndipo kokha anapitiriza pamene Anna Ioannovna. nyumbayo wodzipereka mu 1740.

Sampson Cathedral Museum

kumanga kachisi mobwerezabwereza anakonza pamaso pa October kuukira boma. Choncho, mu 1830s kukhazikitsanso mkati mwa mpingo unachitikira, imene pansi pulasitala zitsulo m'malo ndi mwala. Cathedral zovuta zowawa pa zisinthe. Mu 1933, mabelu onse anachotsedwa mu belfry kupatulapo amene anavutika pambuyo pake, mu February 1942 chifukwa cha projectile kugunda. Mu 1938 tchalitchi chinatsekedwa. Kwa nthawi yaitali munali sitolo okonzeka zopangidwa zovala. Mu 2000, m'nyumbayi-chipilala "St. Sampson Cathedral" potsiriza anatsegula. Patapita zaka ziwiri lokonza ntchito kubwezeretsa murals ndi kukongoletsa wa nave lapansi. Tanena kale kuti Sampson Cathedral - panopa Orthodox mpingo. The mapemphero woyamba unachitika pambuyo kukonzanso kudzipereka kwa mpingo May 21, 2002. Tsopano misonkhano ikuchitikira tsiku ndi tsiku.

Sampson Cathedral: bwanji kuti

Lang'anani, mpingo anamanga mu dziko, ndi limodzi mwa wotsalayo wamkulu mu St. Petersburg. Iye, komanso ngati chipilala kuti Peter Wamkulu, yomwe ili pafupi, ali pakati pa zinthu khumi TIYENERA B "likulu kumpoto. ndi adiresi ya kuona chiyani? Kumene ili pa mzinda mapu Sampson Cathedral? St. Petersburg, Big Sampson Avenue (omwe tsopano thirakiti Vyborg), d. 41. Pofuna kukwaniritsa mpingo, kale anakhala mzinda, osati lenileni ndi lophweka. Ndi zovuta kuti akafike ndi sitima. Muyenera kupita ku "Vyborg" siteshoni. Izi kumpoto-kumadzulo malangizo ku likulu. Panthawi imeneyi, Sampson mpingo utsogoleri mbali ya m'nyumbayi pa Cathedral St. Isake. Ndi lonse mapulani zovuta. Mbaliyi Cathedral enieni, belu nsanja, yopemphereramo ndi manda misa - onse amene anatsala yekha wa manda kamodzi lalikulu.

mpingo mwala

The lonse mapulani zovuta ndi utoto mogwirizana mu kuwala mtundu buluu. Komabe, nyumba ndi adzamangidwa mu nthawi zosiyana ndi Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana. Stone nyumba Sampson Cathedral ndi belu nsanja inatha mu 1740. Wazomangamanga anakhalabe osadziwika. Asayansi zitha ndikuganiza kuti wolemba maofesi awa anali mwina Mikhail Zemtsov, kapena Dzhuzeppe Trezini. Wapadera nyumbayi a tchalitchi ndi osakaniza a masitaelo. Iwo agona monga chisanadze Petrine mitundu mapulani ndi nyengo, wotchedwa akatswiri 'Annensky Baroque "(dzina lake Anna Ioannovna). Poyamba, kachisi aposa ndi mzikiti lalikulu pa ng'oma mkulu faceted. Koma mu 1761 kuti ankadalira cupolas aang'onoang'ono anayi. Izi denga - zisanu anyezi domes - zikuwoneka zachilendo kwambiri. nyumba imangidwa wa njerwa pa maziko laimu. Kutalika kwa tchalitchi kwa eaves - mamita asanu ndi atatu, Krusty, amaveka korona wa mzikiti - mamita sate-faifi. Ndi refectory zogundana kachisi.

belfry

Ndi mwina, ndi brainchild wa wamanga yemweyo amene anamanga St. Sampson Cathedral. Belu nsanja ndi wapadera St. Petersburg, ngati ali mbali ya kalembedwe Russian a m'nthawi chisanadze Petrine. nyumbayi lagawidwa tiers atatu. M'munsi limapezeka onse chifukwa yophunzitsa awiri lateral. Iwo ali otsegula mu mawonekedwe a Chipilala ndi. tiers Upper anapangidwa kalembedwe Tuscan. Pa yosanja anapangidwa zokongoletsa "zenera zachabe." Mu gawo lachitatu la belfry ndi kuyikidwa belu la m'zaka XVIII. Pamwamba pa izi zonse hema yomanga ndi mbali zitatu. Izo zikhoza kuoneka ngati zenera onyenga, pamwamba amene limatuluka anyezi poppyhead ndi mtanda. Izi nsanja belu ndi atypical kwambiri St. Petersburg, koma bwino kwa anthu okhala m'matauni wakale Russian - Yaroslavl, Moscow, ndi zina Solikamsk.

yopemphereramo

Iye waima pa malo a pachiyambi St. Sampson Cathedral mu 1710. Pamene nyumbayi matabwa ali lawola, ndi m'dera la anthu wakula moti sanathe ali mpingo waung'ono, anaganiza m'pingo mwala. Matabwa tchalitchi anawachotsa ndipo malo chitakonzedwa. Koma mu 1909 linamangidwa tchalitchi. Nyumba imeneyi ndi ndinasintha osiyana mu kalembedwe kuchokera pa tchalitchi ndi belu nsanja. Linamangidwa ndi wamanga AP Aplaksin, zitsanzo zimene zinali ntchito F. B. Rastrelli. Akatswiri kuitana mudzipatsana Elizabethan Baroque ndipo dziwani kuti anali ntchito ina kuposa nthawi yake. Belu nsanja amaoneka ngati wachikulire kuposa izo kwenikweni. Maonekedwe a nyumba za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu kupereka awiri ngodya mizati, anamaliza pediment ndi "amaona zonse diso la Ambuye", dormer ndi nyali ndi anyezi mzikiti. Mwina yabodza "yakale yoyendera" anali malinga ndi kufunika akomere tchalitchi pafupi kwa Cathedral za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu.

Masiye

Popeza kachisi Sampson, anali kunja malire mzinda, m'pomveka kukhazikitsa manda kumeneko. Kale, anthu anakwiriridwa mozungulira mpingo wawo parishi. Parish mumzinda ndinali wamng'ono, ndipo malo anali kanthu. Ndiye anaganiza m'manda kumeneko akufa mu Russia alendo. Ndipotu, iwo ndi mtundu wa Wanderers amene achoka dziko lino m'dziko lachilendo. Choncho, iwo ayenera kukhala pansi udindo woyang'anira Sampson ndi Mucherezane. Choncho, pali anapeza chitetezo lomaliza la ambuye odziwika bwino, anamanga ndi chokongoletsedwa Petersburg. Sampson Cathedral anali malo kupumula mwa mapulani Dzhuzeppe Trezini, A.Shlyutera, G. Mattarnovi, JB Leblon, ndi ziboliboli K.Rastrelli, amisiri ndi S.Torelli L. Caravaca. Mwatsoka, kumanda ali sipezeka. Mu 1885, lamulo la Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri, izo linathetsedwa, ndipo malo ake anatsala manda misa ananyongedwa June 27, 1740 otsutsa Biron - P.Eropkina, A.Hruschova ndi A.Volynskogo. Pamalowa m'manda chipilala awo ndi chosemacho ntchito za mmisiri ndi zosemasema M. Schurupova A.Opekushin.

iconostasis

Kusakaniza masitaelo chimakhala ndi kukongoletsa kunja kwa kachisi, ndipo pali mu Interiors wake. "Annensky Baroque" Tingaone mu iconostasis atatu a St. Sampson Cathedral. Zopindulitsa ndicho, yomwe ili nave chapakati. Iye ndi mwaluso chodabwitsa cha Russian iconography m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Chimango chachikulu unapangidwa paini, ndi zinthu yokongola - linden. Mu kanjira kum'mwera (Arhistratiga Mihaila) ndi kumpoto (Ioanna Bogoslova) ili yaing'ono iconostasis mu madenga anayi. Ali ndi kukula kwambiri wodzichepetsa, koma osati wolephera mkulu wa mtengo luso. Alendo funso mmene izi zikhoza kusungidwa iconostasis ku Cathedral ndi mbiri za Masautso zomwe kukaona ndi yosungira zamasamba ndi zovala sitolo. Pafupifupi kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili zojambula kwa zipata mpingo anabwerera ku kachisi wa Alexander Suvorov owonetsera zakale.

Chipilala Peter Wamkulu

Pa tsiku la chikondwerero cha bicentenary a Nkhondo ya Poltava (1909), anaganiza kutsegula chosema wa wopambana pa nkhondo imeneyi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, zotsalira za manda a St. Sampson Cathedral chitakonzedwa. Chipilala Petro ziboliboli chopangidwa MM Antokolsky ndipo wamanga N.E.Lansere. Pa nthawi yomweyo anatsegula chikumbutso zolengeza pa pamakoma kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa kachisi, kumene iwo anali losema mawu mfumu anthu ake pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Poltava. Komabe, mu 1938 chipilala kuti Peter Wamkulu ankaiphwasula. Zinali zaka zambiri kenaka, mu May 2003, chaka kukopa kwa St. Petersburg kachiwiri osewera a mlengi ndi kukazikoloŵeka pamalo ake - kutsogolo kwa belu nsanja. Ndalama allocated kwa Museum "St. Isake Cathedral."

Chokongoletsera mkati

Kuwonjezera chidwi iconography anasunga murals kachisi. Kwambiri omveka chithunzi - mu nave chachikulu. Iwo amaonetsera Peter Wamkulu monga wopambana Nkhondo ya Poltava. Komanso chidwi nyimbo zithunzi "Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse," ndi "chikhulupiriro," yomwe ili pa kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo makoma a refectory lapansi. zojambula zimenezi zinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu mochedwa. Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, pali Tingaone makombo a chizindikiro cha St. Sampson Cathedral, chimene m'nyumba zidutswa za Robe wa Ambuye, mwala kuchokera pansi pa mapazi ake ndi zotsalira za oyera mtima. zotsalira izi anaikidwa mu reliquary siliva. A mafano korona wa khansa, amene zinasonyeza nkhope ya zotsalira zimene anali mu kachisi.