Russian loloseredwa ndi Mipikisano wongodzinenera dziko, ndi okhalamo bwino zinthu zikuluzikulu za zipembedzo wapafupi. The maphunziro mlingo ambiri a anthu ndipo amathandiza kuti pulogalamu TV. Komanso, posachedwapa Turkey mndandanda TV ali otchuka kwambiri. Chifukwa cha iwo, omvera Russian bwino kukongola kwa dzikoli, mbiri ya Turkey ndi Islam, chimene iye amanena. Mukudziwa amene Sultan Suleiman, Imam - mutu wauzimu wa Asilamu ndi vizier - wolemekezeka apamwamba a dziko.
The ambiguity mawu
Komabe, mawu akuti "Imam" osokoneza. Mwachitsanzo, pamene waukulu ulaliki osankhidwa parishioner (zingakhale munthu wamba) mu chipembedzo cha Chisilamu, amene adzapitiriza kuthandiza kulambira, ndipo limatchedwanso "Imam". mawu awa - amma - mu Arabic amatanthauza "mtsogoleri". Aliyense mzikiti Chisilamu kutsogoleredwa ndi mtsogoleri.
Kodi Imam anaima pa mutu wa Caliphate, kaya parishi mullah ku Chitata kapena mutu wa mpingo Achimuhamadi - nthawi zonse patsogolo pa mlingo zina zachipembedzo. Imam - ichi ndi udindo umene Turkey mu XIX atumwi, mpingo anasankha woyenera kwambiri, ndipo boma lokhalo akavomera. Komanso, udindo si wolemekezeka kwambiri, sikutanthauza maphunziro apamwamba. Qadi ndi mufti apamwamba kwambiri kufunika anthu. Komabe, mu Islam (Shiites) Imam - mkhalapakati pakati pa Mulungu ndi munthu, kuti ndi Mneneri.
Matanthauzo osiyanasiyana a liwu lakuti "Imam"
A imams Sunni adawayitana Anzeruwo, azaumulungu ambiri otchuka. Iwo anali Malik ndi Ahmad, phulusa-Shafi'i ndi Abu Hanifa. Ndipo ngati inu kuwonjezera kwa pamwamba chakuti Aluya anali mutu wa akalonga Imam otchuka, Ndizachidziwikire kuti ambiguity akuti ali wamkulu monga mawu "mtsogoleri" kapena "bwana".
Sufi sheikh
Imam Shamil (1797-1856) amadziwika kuti ambiri, ndipo popanda masewero Turkey. Mtsogoleri wa mapiri East Caucasus mu 1834 anamuzindikira monga mutu wa Caucasus Imamate, amene anali boma Mulungu, kuti ndi dziko limene boma ankalamulira kanjedza achipembedzo. atolankhani Western nthawi zonse (ngakhale ena oona mtima ndi mosazindikira) zithunzi chikondi cha adani a Russia. Ndipo kuzungulira Imam Shamil zachitika ndi aura chinsinsi mtima, nsembe. Izi Statement Danko. Ndipotu iye anali munthu bwino ophunzira ndi wosadziŵa mtsogoleri, osati kuika khobidi mu miyoyo ya anthu wamba. Iwo anali pa gawo chake, chimene chiri tsopano mu Chechnya, anali linalanda kwa Russia, ndi Imam analanda ku ukapolo, kumene anakafa.
Mohamed al-Buhri
"Imam Al" - mawu awa awiri chidule maina a kanjedza awiri otchuka wa Islam - Muhammad al-Bukhari (810-870) ndi Al-Ghazali (1058-1111). The oyamba - mufassir kapena wotanthauzira a Quran (ngakhale kuti pali mfundo kuti ndemanga yabwino a Quran - Qur'an yokha). Komabe, Mohammed al-Buhri anali munthu wotchuka Muslim katswiri muhaddistom ndi wotanthauzira wa Koran. Komanso, Imam wa Al anali mlembi wa buku wodziwika "Al-Jami al-Sahih". Izi mwambo Sunni. Buku lotchedwa "Al-Tarikh al-kabir", kapena "Great History", komanso limabweretsa cholembera chake. Tsoka la sayansi anayamba si bwino: zinandipangitsa zamalowo chifukwa cha molakwa mawu a Imam anayamba chipwirikiti. kanayi anachotsedwa Bukhara, anafa mu ukapolo. Mkuwa Mosque Verkhnyaya Pyshma dzina la al-Bahri. Mu 2014, ndi makapisozi ake m'manda anapangana ndi phulusa la sayansi ndi.
Imam Gazly
Abu Hamid Al-Gazly - ankalemekeza katswiri ndi loya, katswiri wa nzeru ndi katswiri chisilamu ndipo lachinsinsi. mbanbvu yace yonsene, iye mapangidwe ndi systematization wa Sufism. Kodi mawu amenewa amatanthauza chiyani? Mu Islam, monga zipembezo zina, pali zambiri. Mmodzi wa ndicho Sufism - kwa lachinsinsi-wokonda moyo wodzimana kukondera. Ndi chiphunzitso ovuta kuwamvetsa intricacies ake ndi nthawi anali kokha ndi Asilamu ophunzira kwambiri, komanso mu tsiku lathu Sufism n'chofunikira mwachilungamo kwambiri miyoyo ya mitundu Chisilamu. Imam Ghazali anakhala ngati kudzipatula kwa zaka 11, ndiye kuti anaphunzitsa kwambiri, kachiwiri kubwerera ku moyo wosasangalala, anaphunzitsa otsatira njira Sufi a moyo, ndipo anamwalira ali ndi zaka 53. ntchito zake akhala akuthandiza kwambiri pa onse Chisilamu ndiponso pa Mkhristu ndi afilosofi Ayuda. "Kuuka kwa sayansi achipembedzo" ndi kapangidwe kake zofunika. sayansi iyi wasiya ntchito zambiri nzeru, zamulungu ndi mfundo zomveka.
chuma Chisilamu zomangamanga
Kuyankhula za Islam, sangathe koma bwanji malo ake olambirira - mizikiti. Ambiri a iwo ndi wokongola kwambiri, komanso akachisi, mipingo, pagodas. Koma pakati pa nyumba zonsezi Mulungu pali weniweni ngale otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse. katswiri amenewa amagwiranso ntchito Mosque Imam. Pa makilomita 340 kuchokera likulu la Iran, pa phazi la Zagros (waukulu dongosolo phiri Iran) ndi mzinda wakale wa Isfahan, amene adakali ndi osiririka Marco Polo. mtawuni wakhalapo kuyambira nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe ndiponso m'zaka XI n'kukhala likulu la amphamvu Seljuk. Isfahan ankadziwa zokwera ndi zotsika - mu 1387 iwo unagonjetsedwa ndi Tamerlane, amene kudula anthu m'tauni n'kuwapaka piramidi chinyozo la 70,000 zigaza. Koma mzinda anatsitsimuka ndipo ali kale mu XVI atumwi, golide zaka Isfahan. Mtima wa mzinda uwu ndi Imam. Pa izo, ndipo izo ndi lodabwitsa a zomangamanga Persian - Shah Mosque kapena Mosque wa Imam. Linamangidwa nthawi yochepa - kuchokera 1611 mpaka 1629. Mzikiti panopa Dzina limeneli mu 1979 pamene anagwetsedwa ndi Shah lotsiriza la Iran ndi Imam Khomeini anayambitsa Republic Chisilamu la Iran. Ulemu wake ndipo anadzatchedwa zakale Shah Mosque. Kudera lapakati mumzinda amapanga alendo ambiri amaona ngati alendo lowoneka dziko, adayimba mu "Chikwi ndi usiku wina." Kukongola mizikiti akuzandima. Minarets kutalika mamita 42, seveni mtundu matailosi Khoma Kamangidwe chodabwitsa kwambiri 52-mita mzikiti ndi bwalo lake ndi ayvans vaulted - onse ina yakalekale alendo kwa zaka mazana anayi. Za ulemerero mkati ndi zowulutsira mawu a mzikiti si olembedwa m'buku limodzi la kafukufuku. Onse dera Meidan-Imam ali m'gulu mndandanda wa malo UNESCO World Heritage.
mawu wapadera
Mu wanzeru Peru woyimba wina dzina lake Soila Augusta Imperatriz Kavarri del CASTILLO (1922-2008), zodziwika mdziko lonse monga Yma Sumac, ndi Imam, koma choyamba makalata atatu, pali chilichonse wamba. Gawo lachiwiri la mfundo alias chakuti mzere akuchikazi a woyimba amachokera kwa ansembe wa Mulungu Sun, amene anasowa chitukuko cha Ainka ofunika kwambiri kuposa golide. Bambo wa woimba ndi woimba wapadera anali wachi Spaniard. Kodi wapadera Yma Sumac? Osiyanasiyana. Chiwerengero cha octaves kuti iye akanakhoza kutenga, kukangana, koma ankaganiza kuti mawu ake ankavutika octaves asanu, pambali, iye akhoza kuimba awiri nthawi imodzi. Madokotala ake ndi asayansi ndi pempho wopita kwa kuthetsa kufufuza mawu ake - ndi chosowa chozizwitsa cha chilengedwe. Categorical chokana anali yankho lawo. miyezi 6 Yma Sumac anakhala ku Soviet Union, kulandira amalipiritsa kwa kukaimba ndalama zolimba malangizo a umunthu kuchokera Khrushchev. Nthawi zina mbisoweka kuchokera pamaso, koma kenako anabwerera mosangalala kwambiri. Kwa zaka zambiri, ntchito yake amaonedwa kukhala yogwira 1944-2008. Ndiko kuti, iye anaimba mpaka imfa yake. Fans amene anapita ku zoimbaimba ake mu zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, ponena kuti mawu ake m'modzi wa chiyero kapena mphamvu. Zongoganiza, ndi kokha!