Nzeru ya India wakale

Chifukwa cha nzeru Indian anapanga otchedwa Vedas (malemba), ichi ndi chitsimikizo kuti iwo. malemba awa ndi chipilala wamkulu mu chikhalidwe m'mayiko a Aryan. iwo analengedwa mu 15 m'ma BC. e. Iye akhapidziwa kuti otchedwa Vedas kuti nthawi zonse, ndipo palibe amene anakhalapo analenga. N'chifukwa chake malemba opatulika amenewa simungakwaneko nkhani zonama. Ambiri a iwo achiyankhulo wachinsinsi (Chisansikiriti). Mothandizidwa ndi chilengedwe chake amalankhulira ndi munthu.

Mbali otchedwa Vedas anapereka matepi a aya za choonadi dziko. "Cophimba" amapezeka kokha Anayambitsa anthu. "Smriti" (gawo lina la malemba opatulika) ali ndi malemba kusinthidwa kwa anthu zochepa amphatso (antchito, akazi, mamembala a magulu m'munsi (mitundu). Makamaka, Indian Saga Mahabharata ndi Ramayana ndi "smriti".

Nzeru wakale India limasonyeza lingaliro ngati 'Karma. Iye akhapidziwa kuti Karma - lamulo la zotsatira ndipo chifukwa. Zonse zimadalira, ngakhale milungu.

Nzeru ya India wakale, mu umodzi siyana ndi nzeru zaumunthu, munali lingaliro limene zonse lozungulira munthu yonyenga. umbuli anthu zimalimbikitsa lingaliro ake zachiphamaso za dziko. Likutchedwa chifaniziro ichi - Maya.

Traditional sukulu nthanthi Indian anawagawa Orthodox (zotsatilazi mosamalitsa mfundo za wakale) ndi sukulu chikale. Woyamba ankalemekeza ulamuliro wa otchedwa Vedas.

Ku sukulu chikale ndi Nyaya. Malinga ndi kumvetsetsa dziko zinthu akhalipo. nzeru za anthu zinachitikadi ndi mphamvu zisanu. Nzeru ya India wakale anaphunzitsa sukuluyi, kuti onse anapita kupitirira ziwalo - kulibe. Anazindikira anayi magwero a nzeru; kulingalira, kuzindikira, poyerekezera, mawu ulamuliro.

Wina kusukulu Orthodox Vaisheshika. Idamangidwa Rishi Canada. Sukuluyi nzeru za mu India wakale anazindikira kuti kuli zolengedwa ziwiri: mwanzeru ndi supersensible. Abweretsa onse particles indivisible (maatomu). chinapangidwira wodzazidwa ndi efa (Ākāśa) therebetween. Umoyo maatomu ndi Brahman. maganizo amenewa anazindikira zinthu ziwiri cha nzeru; kuzindikira ndi kulingalira.

Pa mtima wa mimamsa (wina sukulu wa nzeru) ndi ulamuliro wa malemba opatulika. Sukuluyi akatswiri a India wakale kuganizira kutanthauzira zolondola malemba (otchedwa Vedas), komanso kufunika anafotokoza miyambo izi.

Makamaka nzeru za wakale India, Sankhya sukulu ankaimira mu chikumbu mtima ndi zinthu ndi kuzindikira zinthu za dziko.

Chiphunzitso cha anati yoga ndi dongosolo zochita othandiza. Iwo anauzidwa kuti chidziwitso cha mtheradi. Zoyenera kuphunzitsa ena yeniyeni galimoto mphamvu mu ndondomeko yomenyera.

Mwa nzeru wotsutsa chi Orthodox tisaiwale chuma payekha. Lokayady (sukulu) kukana kufunika kwa dziko la chipembedzo. Iwo amazindikira kuti pali zimene ankaona (moyo - thupi). cholinga cha moyo, monga mwa chiphunzitso ichi, anali kupeza kukhuta.

Ziphunzitso za Chijaini analandira wosatha, wochita kulengedwa mankhwala. Izi mfundo yofunika kwambiri pa dziko ndi mphamvu chonyamulira ndipo anali patsogolo komanso yosavuta kuyenda. Chijaini limaphunzitsa kuti maatomu kulemera osiyana chifukwa cha dziko lonse. particles Indivisible coalesce zinthu. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso ichi, pali zopanda moyo kanthu ndi moyo. The mfundo za sukulu nzeru anali sizingawononge zinthu zamoyo.

Chiphunzitso cha Chibuda ankaganiza mfundo zinayi: moyo - kuvutika; zimayambitsa mavuto chikhumbo ndi chilakolako; ufulu mavuto akudza pambuyo kukana zilakolako; anatsiliza kumasulidwa onse a munthu ku ukapolo wa samsara (kubadwanso mndandanda - moyo). Chibuda zimafalitsidwa Atisha, Shantarakshita, Chandrakirti ndi afilosofi ena.