The paradoxes a Zeno wa Elea

Zenon Eleysky - Greek logician ndi nzeru zapamwamba, zomwe zimagwiritsa amadziwika paradoxes wake, dzina lake ulemu. moyo wake si kwambiri kudziwika. M'tauni Zeno - Elea. Komanso ntchito za Plato nzeru zapamwamba otchulidwa msonkhano ndi Socrates.

Padziko 465 BC. e. Zeno buku, amene ankalosera malingaliro awo onse. Koma, mwatsoka, lero iye sanawapeze wopha munthu. Malinga ndi nthano, nzeru zapamwamba anafa m'nkhondo yomenyana ndi wankhanza (mwina mutu Elea Niarchos). mfundo zonse za Elea anasonkhana pang'ono pang'ono kuchokera ku ntchito Plato (anabadwa zaka 60, Zeno), Aristotle ndi Diogenes Laertes, amene analemba zaka zitatu zitadutsa, buku la biographies cha Agiriki. Limatchula za Zeno, ndi ntchito za oimira ina ya sukulu nzeru za Agiriki: Themistius (.. zana la 4 BC), Alexander Afrodiyskogo (.. m'ma 3 BC), komanso Philoponus ndi Simplicius (onse anakhalako zaka za m'ma 6 BC.). . Komanso, posonkhanitsa deta zinthu zimenezi kugwirizana bwino ndi mzake, kuti n'zotheka m'maulendo zonse za maganizo a nzeru zapamwamba wa. M'nkhaniyi, ife angakuuzeni za paradoxes a Zeno. Tiyeni tiyambepo.

akanema paradoxes

Kuyambira nthawi ya Pythagoras malo ndi nthawi ankaona yekha ku mawonedwe a masamu. Ndiko kuti, ankaganiza kuti iwo wapangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mfundo ndi mfundo. Komabe, iwo ali ndi malo amene n'zosavuta kumva kuposa kudziwa, mosonyeza "kupitiriza". Ena paradoxes a Zeno chikutsimikizira kuti sangathe kugawidwa mfundo kapena madontho. kulingalira nzeru zapamwamba ndi motere: "Tiyeni tinene kuti tinali kugawanika mpaka kumapeto. Ndiye woona yekha chimodzi mwa zosankha awiri: mwina ife yotsala ya zotheka kukula laling'ono kapena zinthu zina indivisible, koma ali wopandamalire mu chiwerengero chawo, kapena gulu kutitsogolera zidutswa popanda mtengo kuyambira kupitiriza, pokhala kwenikweni ayenera kukhala divisible zivute zitani . Sizingakhale mu umodzi wa divisible, ndi zina - palibe. Mwatsoka, onse chifukwa nzosatheka ndithu. Origin chakuti ndondomeko fission zikhoza kusatha mpaka zotsalira ali mbali ndi phindu. Ndipo chachiwiri, chifukwa zimenezo poyamba lonse likanati anaumba kanthu. " Simplicius zimachitika mfundo imeneyi Parmenides, koma amakhala kuti wolemba wake - Zenon. Inu.

paradoxes Zeno wa zoyenda

Amaonedwa ambiri a mabuku nzeru monga kulowa dissonance ndi umboni Eleatic nzeru. Pankhani gululi, pali chododometsa zotsatirazi Zeno: "Muvi", "dichotomy", "Achilles" ndi "magawo". Ndipo iwo anabwera kwa ife kuyamika Aristotle. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

"Mivi Yanu"

dzina lina - kwadzidzidzi Zeno chododometsa. Wafilosofi limati kanthu kaya ataima kapena kusuntha. Koma palibe zoyenda, ngati danga wotanganidwa ndi mtunda wofanana. Panthawi ina, muvi kusuntha ndi pa malo omwewo. Choncho, sayenda. Simplicius anakonza chododometsa izi mu mawonekedwe achidule: "Kuuluka chinthu ali wofanana ndi malo mu mlengalenga, ndipo izi zimatenga wofanana malo mu mlengalenga, chikubwera. Choncho, Boom chimakhazikika. " Himalia Felopon anakonza ndipo embodiments ofanana.

"Dichotomy"

Pamafunika lachiwiri mu mndandanda "chododometsa Zeno a". Lembali limati motere: "Tisanachite chinthu chimene anayamba gululi tidzatha kupita mtunda wina, iye ayenera kugonjetsa hafu ya njira, ndiye theka otsala, ndi zina zotero malonda infinitum ... Popeza theka gawo mwa mobwerezabwereza magulu mtunda nthawi zonse amakhala amalire, ndipo chiwerengero cha ndalama deta ali wopandamalire, sikutheka kuti tigonjetse mtunda mu nthawi amalire. Ndipo mfundo imeneyi umakhala onse patali kakang'ono ndipo imathamanga mkulu. Choncho, gulu lililonse zosatheka. Ndiko kuti, wothamanga simungathe ngakhale kuyamba. "

chododometsa Izi mwatsatanetsatane ndemanga Simplicius kusonyeza kuti mu nkhani iyi, nthawi amalire m'pofunika kuti nambala wopandamalire wa chikunena. "Aliyense amene wabwera kwa chirichonse, kungachititse mphambu, koma nambala wopandamalire sangakhoze ati kapena kuwerenga." Kapena, monga kukonza Philoponus, ndi wopandamalire chiwerengero cha yosadziwika bwino.

"Achilles"

Imatchedwanso chododometsa a fulu Zeno a. Izi mtsutso yotchuka kwambiri ya nzeru zapamwamba wa. Izi kayendedwe chododometsa Achilles kupikisana mpikisano kamba, amene wapatsidwa pa chiyambi cha zovuta yaing'ono. The chododometsa kuti asilikali Greek sadzatha kuti andipeze ndi fulu, chifukwa iye koyamba mpaka kufika Launch wake, ndipo iye adzakhala pa mfundo ina. Ndiko kuti, kamba nthawizonse zidzakhala patsogolo Achilles.

chododometsa Izi zikufanana kwambiri dichotomy, koma pali kugawa malire umapita malinga ndi kupitirira. Pankhani ya dichotomy anali mgwirizano. Mwachitsanzo, wothamanga sizili kuyamba chifukwa sangachoke malo ake. Ndipo zinthu ndi Achilles, ngakhale wothamanga apeza pansi njira ku malo, komabe sukhala kubwera akuthamanga.

"Nkhosa"

Ngati Tikayerekeza paradoxes onse a Zeno pa mlingo wa movutikira, uyu adzabwera kuchokera wopambana. Iye zovuta kupereka kufotokoza zina. Simplicius ndi Aristotle anafotokoza mfundo imeneyi ndi otalikirana ndi simungathe ndi 100% ndithu kudalira yokhulupirika. Kukhazikitsanso chododometsa izi ndi izi: Tiyeni A1, A2, A3 ndi A4 ndi kuliika wofanana kukula kwa matupi, ndi B1, B2, B3 ndi B4 - thupi la yofanana ndi tinyumba tina A. The matupi B chimachititsanso kumanja kuti aliyense B akudutsa ndipo kamphindi, ndilo imeneyi zing'onozing'ono nthawi zonse. Tiyeni B1, B2, B3 ndi B4 - thupi ndi zimene A ndi B, ndi kusuntha wachibale kwa A lamanzere, kuswa lirilonse la matupi mosayembekezereka.

N'zoonekeratu kuti onse anayi kugonjetsa B1 thupi B. Tiyeni pa nthawi wagawo, ulendo thupi lomwelo kuti muyende mu umodzi B. thupi Pankhaniyi, kayendedwe zonse zofunikira mayunitsi anayi. Komabe, ankaganiza kuti mfundo ziwiri, otsiriza kwa gululi kukhala kochepa choncho - ndi indivisible. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti onse anayi indivisible mgwirizano ndi mayunitsi awiri indivisible.

"Location"

Kotero tsopano inu mukudziwa paradoxes yaikulu ya Zeno wa Elea. Mpaka kumuuza za iwowa, amene amadziwika ngati "Place The". chododometsa Izi a Zeno Aristotle makhalidwe. mfundo zofanana anatchula mu zolemba Simplicius ndi Philoponus mu 6 m'ma BC. e. Apa nkhani Aristotle za nkhani imeneyi mu Physics ake kuti: "Ngati pali malo, mmene kudziwa kumene ili? Vuto, amene anadza Zenon, amafuna kufotokoza. Popeza kuti zonse zimene alipo malo, n'zoonekeratu kuti pa malo kukhala malo, ndi zina zotero. D. Kuti osawerengeka. " Malinga kwa anzeru kwambiri, pali chododometsa kuno chifukwa palibe panopa sangakhale osiyana yekha ndipo ali yokha. Philoponus amakhulupirira kuti mwa kuika pochita zotsutsana mfundo "malo", Zeno anafuna kutsutsa chiphunzitso cha multiplicity.