N'chiyani chimachititsa Anthropology nzeru zaumunthu mu kumvetsa kwa munthu: a view mu nthawi

Kwa zaka pomanga dongosolo nthanthi kuti ndipereke gawo ake anzeru a masukulu osiyanasiyana a anthu, ku Plato ndi Aristotle kuti Kant ndi Feuerbach. Komabe, mfundo anthropological anali osavomerezeka Marxist zochokera nzeru, monga Marx yekha amanga dongosolo lake pa podzudzula Feuerbach wolakwa iwo amaika "naturalism." adzadziwire munthu, monga ife tikudziwira pa njira ya chuma mbiri, ndi Uwerenge ubwenzi wake kwa anthu onse, ndipo palibe chowonjezera.

Lingaliro la "nthanthi Anthropology" adapempha Maksom Shelerom mu "Man and History" mu 1926. Iye kumatanthauza kuti ndi sayansi yaikulu ya umunthu, kuphatikizapo zinthu zamoyo maganizo, chikhalidwe ndi akamabadwa za moyo wa munthu.

Chilakolako kumvetsa okha

N'chiyani chimachititsa Anthropology nzeru zaumunthu mu kumvetsa umunthu? Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi anasonkhanitsa gulu la chidziwitso wazotsatira opangidwa ndi malangizo osiyana sayansi kuti amaphunzira anthu. Pakufunika yachokera ndi structuring mu kuwala kwa vuto la moyo wa munthu.

Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti zikamera wa Anthropology nzeru zaumunthu, ngati mtsinje zonse loyenda, kulandira yake makhwawa ambiri ndi chotengera kuti nyanja zonse Akusonkhanitsa n'kuchiviika ulendo wake wautali.

Monga postulated ndi Anthropology nzeru zaumunthu, umunthu anatsimikiza ndi ubale yake yeniyeni ndi chilengedwe chimene amakhala, kuphatikizapo chilengedwe, chikhalidwe ndi danga.

amayendetsa Kodi munthu?

Monga Scheler ananena chidwi mu nzeru za munthu yapangidwa leaps ndi malire, "anthropological" nyengo n'kuyamba zochepa a anthu. Koma chirichonse wina udindo mu vuto makamaka mbiri ake amakhala anapitiriza kufunafuna kuwonjezeka.

Malinga Buber, makamaka wokongola mu nthawi ya mavuto chikhalidwe limakhala vuto anthu. Nthanthi Anthropology amafuna kufotokoza zimene zimayambitsa kwithu ndi panokha anthu mu nkhope ya cataclysms lonse.

Madzulo a Wachiwiri World Scheler imalongosola munthu monga cholengedwa kuganizira kumvetsa dziko kudzera mtima wotseguka. Plesner tikunena wake "alamulidwa kuti 'mosalekeza kudziletsa kuwongolera, ndipo Gehlen akufotokozera mfundo chilakolako anthu kuti kuonekera kudzera mbali zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe.

Phunziro la Anthropology nthanthi

Choncho, munthu kuchotsedwa onse ubwenzi wake ndi dziko kumatanthauza nthanthi Anthropology monga mutu kafukufuku. Koma pamene iye yekha akadali anamvetsa ambiguously. blurring Ino zili zamalankhulidwe awasungira mu nthawi yathu.

Monga PS Gurevich, pali miyambo ina yofanana zitatu zikuluzikulu mu kutanthauzira kwa lingaliro la "Anthropology nzeru za anthu." Aliyense zachokera kumvetsa chimene chimachititsa Anthropology nzeru zaumunthu mu kumvetsa kwa munthu. Komabe, kutsindika aikidwa pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana osiyana m'dera kudziwa nthanthi yake nzeru zaumunthu malangizo ndi njira makamaka kwa cognition.

Choncho zimene zimapanga Anthropology nzeru zaumunthu mu kumvetsa umunthu?

XXI m'zaka za m'ma forebodings ake, maulosi ndi onse mofulumira patsogolo zamakono akulimbikitsa alimi sayansi kwambiri kuphunzira mozama za mliriwu anthu. Pa maonekedwe asayansi kwambiri takambirana kuthekera supplementing njira za makolo sayansi chidziwitso cha njira zosiyanasiyana sanali sayansi, kaya ndi luso, chipembedzo, lachinsinsi choonadi, mfundo esoteric kapena kuphunzira atakomoka.

Ganizo wokhulupirika, kwathunthu - ndicho chimene chimamupanga Anthropology nzeru zaumunthu mu kumvetsetsa kwa umunthu. Mayankho a mafunso amphamvu za luso la munthu kusintha kwawo ndi dziko lapansi angathe kupeza posonkhana pamodzi zinachitikira onse anasonkhanitsa anthu yekha.

Pamaso pa nthawi

Kale kudziwa ankafunitsitsa chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe, mu Ages Middle, anthu akhala gawo limodzi la Mulungu analamula kumanga dziko. Chenicheni ali anamangidwira mtheradi maganizo a anthu, polola kumva nkhani sakuyembekezera.

Maonekedwe a Darwin maganizo imatsogoleredwa cha mozama chidziwitso cha zamoyo anthu, ndipo potsiriza, mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, zonsezi anali lidzasinthidwa mwambo watsopano - nthanthi Anthropology.

Kodi ndingatani kuyankha chimene chimachititsa Anthropology nzeru zaumunthu mu kumvetsa umunthu? tate wake, Max Scheler nachiyika pa nthawiyi, wopanda nthabwala: "Tsopano anthu salinso amadziwa yemwe iye ali, koma iye kotero nkhaniyo."