Ntchito ya kumapeto kudziwa: malingaliro zoyambirira za mawonekedwe ndi ntchito, muyeso wa choonadi

Chidwi - injini za patsogolo, popanda zomwe n'zovuta kulingalira chitukuko cha chitukuko chathu. Chidziwitso ndi cholinga chenicheni, amene imabereka chithunzi chenicheni cha dziko. Munthu wakhala akuyesetsa kumvetsa mmene zonse ntchito. Choncho kufunika mchitidwe kudziwa, chifukwa amatipatsa kusintha yolalikira ndi kuzama kwa deta kale anasonkhana. Iye adzakhala zoyenera Nkhani lero. Tikambirana mfundo kumapeto, amachita ntchito mu cognition ndi choonadi muyezo.

matanthauzo

Ngati tikufuna kumvetsa zimene ndi udindo wa mchitidwe kudziwa, muyenera choyamba chimatanthauza Kunena mwachidule. Zikhulupiriro onse kumagwirizana. Akukhulupirira kuti nzeru ndi mchitidwe - Walira a ndondomeko mbiri. Munthu amayesetsa kumvetsa regularities ndi mbali ya dziko la ntchito. Komabe, izi sizingakhoze kuchitidwa pa nthawi, choncho imatenga zaka mchitidwewu kuthandiza kum'kulitsa zinachitikira. Pali zinthu zitatu zikuluzikulu cha nzeru;

• Luso, nzeru ndi luso. Mfundo zokhudzana ndi kuzindikira anthu mmene chinachake chachitika kapena.
• zonse zomwe zogwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya kumvetsetsa zimene zikuchitika.
• Epistemological mawonekedwe kulankhulana anthu ndi zenizeni. Mbali imeneyi makamaka nkhani unit. Lilili yekha poyerekezera ndi maganizo othandiza.

Chidziwitso - ichi ndi chithunzi changwiro cha chowonadi. Wachiwiri ndi wachitatu mbali imvera gnoseology. sayansi amaphunzira malamulo a cognition. Iwo anali anachitira ndi nzeru ena zambiri wakale. Mu epistemology anakwanitsa sophists. Mwachitsanzo, Protagoras ndi Gorgias. Iwo anafuna kukhala lomasuka wamaganizo, ndipo iyi inali view kwathunthu kwa dziko, ndi kumvetsa zomwenso ake.

Mitundu ya kumapeto:

• ntchito Labor (kupanga zinthu). fomu iyi ndi munthu Mwachibadwa anthu. Ndi Cholinga usinthe chikhalidwe.
• ntchito Social. fomu iyi ndi kusintha moyo chikhalidwe. Ndi Cholinga kusintha mogwirizana alipo pakati pa miyambo ya anthu. chikhalidwe ikuchitika ndi otchedwa mphamvu misa: kusintha, nkhondo, kusintha.
• kafukufuku wa sayansi. mawonekedwe mchitidwe ukugwirira. Pankhaniyi, wofufuza si mupenye, koma ali nawo mu ndondomekoyi. Zimakhala chongopeka analenga zinthu pamafunika kudziwa katundu wa dziko loyandikira.

Ntchito nawo ntchitoyo

Pakuti mwamuna m'pofunika kumvetsa zachilengedwe cholinga chithunzi chenicheni. Khalani ndi chidziwitso - izi ndi zinthu ziwiri ndondomeko imeneyi. polakwitsalakwitsa okha amakhala munthu akhoza muganize momwe zonse ntchito. Ntchito ya kumapeto mu chidziwitso cha nzeru akhoza kudzera ntchito loyamba:

• chidziwitso gwero. Experience akulowa zofunika mchitidwe kusanthula zenizeni.
• Chikuchititsa zonsezi. Khalani ndi maziko a sayansi.
• A mbali cholinga cha kudziwa zinthu.
• Muyeso wa choonadi. Only kumapeto akhoza kutsimikizira kulondola kwa sayansi. Ndipo ndi ndondomeko, osati kamodzi kokha kuchita.

ntchito kufotokoza

Ngati inu kufotokoza mbali ya kumapeto kudziwa mwachidule, inu nthawi zonse kuti onse mudziwe kudziwika anasonkhana si mwangozi. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amayenera kugawa dzikolo bwino. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, ndi masamu otukuka. Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha anthu amalinyero anayamba kulabadira zakuthambo. Komabe, si nthawi zonse amachita imalongosola chidziwitso. Nthawi zina zimachitika njira zina mozungulira: kodi chinachitika ndi Kupezeka kwa lamulo nthawi ya Mendeleev. Lonse kuphunzira chifukwa ntchito ndi zolinga zabwino. Ngakhale kuchotsa mfundo umboni umalimbana kuthetsa mavuto ndi mtundu wa chitukuko. Ntchito ya kumapeto kudziwa ndi chotero kuti zimathandiza kupeza mbali zonse zatsopano zodabwitsa bwino. Imakhala sayansi ndi watsopano luso maofesi, zipangizo, zipangizo ndi zida. polakwitsalakwitsa njira ntchito pa magawo onse a phunziroli. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti mayesero onse ndi kuyang'anila ikuchitika osati mochuluka mwa chidwi chabe, koma chifukwa choti. kudziwa zonsezi analandira angagwiritsire ntchito. Iwo ali ngati zochita utsogoleri ndi kutumikira anthu kusintha moyo wawo.

Ntchito ya kumapeto mu cognition

Epistemology - ndi osiyana nthambi ya nzeru. Iye amafufuza udindo mchitidwewu mu sayansi. Bacon anasankha njira zitatu kufufuza dziko:

• "The Way a sayansi." Pankhaniyi, wofufuza amatenga choonadi cha chikumbumtima choyera. Bacon poyera izi scholastics njira mwachibadwa.
• "The Way wa nyerere." Pankhaniyi, wofufuza likamva zosiyanasiyana mfundo, koma zambiri iwo conceptually. Iyi ndi njira yolakwika podziwa.
• "Njira ya njuchi." Njira imeneyi ndi generalization wa woyamba awiri. Pankhaniyi, kafukufuku amagwiritsa ntchito monga tanthauzo lake ndi rationality.

i choonadi

Cholinga cha chidziwitso - kumvetsa cholinga chithunzi cha dziko. Category choonadi chapakati ku chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso. Kupeza cholinga chithunzi cha dziko zimatheka ndi kuyeserera kangapo. Choonadi ndicho kudziŵa kuti limafanana ndi mutu wake weniweni. muyezo waukulu ndi kuti anazindikira mwa anthu ambiri. Komanso, choonadi ayenera kukhala zothandiza ndi zopindulitsa kwa anthu a dela anthu. Koma nthawi zambiri, lingaliro ili ndi wachibale. Sankhani pakati pa mfundo zosiyana ndi ziphunzitso zimene zimalongosola za dziko, nthawi zambiri zotengera malingaliridwe ndithu.