Nzeru chakale mu nthawi zakale,

Kuyambira kale, anthu amayesetsa kufufuza tikukhala m'dziko limene iwo. Chidwi ndi chikhumbo cha osadziwika nthawi zonse zinachititsa munthu patsogolo, kukakamiza kutulukira zinthu zazikulu. Tsopano m'dziko lodzala mauthenga ndi chidziwitso anasonkhanitsa, munthuyo wasankha zambiri zovuta mavuto kuposa anthu amene anaima pamaso pa makolo ake akutali zapitazi.

Nthawi zina funso n'lakuti, Kodi chofunika nzeru chakale? Ambiri, ngakhalenso kuzitcha izo pseudoscience, chifukwa sizikuwoneka kubala nzeru yeniyeni. maganizo n'zovuta kutsutsa ndi zovuta kufotokoza zimene ndendende ife amaphunzira kudziwa iwo comprehended zaka zambiri zapitazo.

Choyamba, tiyeni tipange kunja, malo nzeru za mu ufumu wolowezana wa sayansi. nzeru munthu umayamba ndi tiganizira ambiri ponena za zimene zakhala. Ndipotu mtima wa sayansi aliyense ndi yaikulu nthanthi mapangidwe. Asayansi maganizo kunena maganizo zokhuza kuthekera chitukuko kenako lowetsani deta yeniyeni ndi mawerengedwe kunachitika.

Choncho nzeru chakale - ndi, pa dzanja limodzi, wotsogolera wa khalidwe zonse za sayansi, pa dzanja zina, zopereka yofunika kwambiri, motsogoleredwa mapangidwe dziko. Ndipo iyo inali pafupi tanthauzo kachiwiri zambiri amasiyidwa, chifukwa munthu chabe anafunika chiongoko ndi postulates, amene kumulola bungwe nzeru zawo ndi maganizo.

zosowa zakale nthawi

The chidwi kwambiri ndi nthawi yakale yoyendera, chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyi panali anzeru kwambiri, anayala maziko a chitukuko tsogolo la sayansi. Apa ife tikhoza kusiyanitsa mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri - Greek ndi Oriental nzeru.

Ngati tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane nthawi chakale nzeru za zakale, zikhoza kugawidwa mu magawo angapo, amene yodziwika ndi zinthu zina. Palimodzi kwa nthawi wakale amaphatikizapo mafunde aliyense nthanthi 12. BC mpaka 7. BC - pafupifupi zaka 2000.

Zikuphatikizapo ntchito za Homer, ntchito ya Pythagoras, Democritus ndi Levkipa, komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana za anzeru East.

• Gawo 1 - 7-5 zaka. BC
• Gawo 2 - 5-4 zaka. BC
• Gawo 3 - 4-2 zaka. BC
• Khwerero 4 - 1. BC - 5. BC

nzeru chakale kuonetsa Agiriki akale yokutidwa njira zikuluzikulu m'moyo, anthu owazungulira. Ndiye chitukuko awo anali pachiyambi kwambiri chitukuko, ndipo iwo ankaimira dziko monga kudzikundikira yaikulu njira zosiyanasiyana, moyo ndi chikhalidwe. Ndipotu, Chigiriki nzeru pa nthawi - ndi kuyesa dongosolo chidziwitso, bungwe iwo ndi kutsatira dongosolo zosiyanasiyana.

zofunika kwambiri anapatsidwa ndi nthano, zolaula, mafanizo, koma pa zoyesayesa yomweyo zinalengedwa yolumikizana zonsezi yodziŵa za thambo wopandamalire ndi chilengedwe. Ngakhale predominated sanali reflexive mawonekedwe a chikumbumtima, ie, Anthu sanali kulabadira mochuluka kwa iyemwini, kotero chifanizo cha dziko pa nthawi imeneyo ndi dziko kwenikweni si wosiyana, koma sizikugwirizana pamodzi.

nyengo zina nzeru za Agiriki

nzeru wakale wa nthawi chakale amakhala koposa zonse, kubadwa kwa kwakuya, kachitidwe lofunika ndi akatswiri sukulu zosiyanasiyana chakale: sukulu Plato, Peripatetics sukulu, wosakhazikika ndi masukulu Epikureya.

Mu masiteji kenako mbiri ya Roma anatenga otsogolera, kotero iye kale ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mapangidwe mfundo. maganizo Greek anali chitukuko pambuyo pake imodzi ndi mapangidwe malangizo yatsopano akavalidwe. Zonsezi ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa nzeru za anthu panthawi pa mapangidwe mfundo za makhalidwe abwino ndi lamulo, komanso chitukuko cha sayansi ndi kumabungwe ena chifungulo cha moyo wa munthu.