Confucius ndi ziphunzitso zake: maziko a Chikhalidwe Chinese

Kung Fu Tzu, kapena, mu mawonekedwe westernized a Confucius - ndi nzeru zapamwamba Chinese, dzina wakhala n'chimodzimodzi. Umasonyeza chikhalidwe cha zinthu zazikulu China. Tikhoza kunena, Confucius ndi ziphunzitso zake ndi chuma cha chitukuko Chinese. Wafilosofi anali atazunguliridwa ndi ulemu ngakhale mu nthawi chikominisi, ngakhale Mao Tszedun ndipo anayesetsa kukaniza ziphunzitso zake. Amadziwika kuti mfundo zikuluzikulu za statehood, kucheza ndiponso zimene ankachita pakati pa anthu miyambo China anamanga ndendende pamaziko a Chikomfyushani. Mfundo zimenezi anaikidwa pansi pa zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi BC.

Confucius ndi ziphunzitso zake zidakhala otchuka pamodzi ndi nzeru za Lao Tzu. Otsiriza, mu maziko a chiphunzitso wakewo waika lingaliro la njira chilengedwe - "dao" njira ina monga chinthu chokwawa, ndi zamoyo ndi zinthu zopanda moyo. Ziphunzitso nthanthi ya Confucius ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi maganizo a Lao Tzu. Iye sankafuna kwambiri kungopereka malingaliro a chikhalidwe ambiri. Pa moyo wake zoyenera chitukuko cha mfundo mchitidwewu, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi ndale. yonena ake amatiuza kuti nzeru zapamwamba ankakhala nthawi yovuta kwambiri - otchedwa "Nyengo ya chikumenyana States" moyo wa munthu ndi ubwino wa anthu kudalira case, intrigue, mwayi usilikali ndipo osalimba, osati ngakhale pamaso.

Confucius ndi ziphunzitso ake anakula wotchuka chifukwa woganiza kwenikweni kudulidwa mtengo miyambo ya makhalidwe achipembedzo a anthu Chinese, koma anachipatsa khalidwe streamlined. Mu njira iyi anayesa ziziyenda ubale onse anthu ndi lotha. Iye zamulungu zake pa "mizati isanu". The mfundo ndi ziphunzitso za Confucius - "Ren ndi Li, Zhi Xin".

Mawu oyamba ziri zikutanthauza kuti azungu kuti kumasuliridwa ngati "anthu." Komabe, waukulu Confucius ukoma ali ngati luso nsembe zabwino zake kwa anthu, kuti ndi kusasiya zofuna zake chifukwa cha ena. "Ine" - lingaliro kuti Chili chilungamo, ntchito komanso amachita ntchito. "Lee" - zofunikira mu chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha miyambo yosiyanasiya- kuti kupereka moyo ndi mphamvu ya dongosolo. "Ji" - kudziwa zofunika kusamalira ndi kugonjetsa zachilengedwe. "Tchimo" - kukhulupilira, popanda zomwe palibe mphamvu ina iriyonse.

Choncho, Confucius ndi ziphunzitso zake koletsedwa utsogoleri wolowezana wa makhalidwe abwino, kucheza, malinga ndi nzeru zapamwamba, ndi mwachindunji kuchokera kwa malamulo a kumwamba. Nzosadabwitsa nzeru zapamwamba ankakhulupirira kuti boma lili ndi uMulungu, ndi wolamulira - mwayi wapadera wa munthu wamkulu. Ngati boma ndi wamphamvu anthu inapambana. Ndicho chimene iye ankaganiza.

wolamulira - mfumu, mfumu - ndi "mwana wa kumwamba." Koma akhoza ngati njonda amene alibe kulenga chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa ndi udzapereka akulamula kumwamba anafotokoza. Ndiye malamulo a Mulungu adzagwiritsa ntchito kwa anthu. The chitukuko ndi chikhalidwe woyengeka, kotero iwo ali kutali kuchokera mu chirengedwe. Choncho, luso komanso ndakatulo ayenera kukhala chinachake chapadera, zokoma. Kodi kuukitsa munthu wosiyana wosazindikira ndi chikhalidwe zimasiyanasiyana raunch kuti palibe amayimba chilakolako, ndipo limaphunzitsa chipsinjo.

ukoma Izi si ofunikira okha mu banja ndi oyandikana nawo, komanso wabwino kwa kasamalidwe. Boma la banja (makamaka makolo) ndipo anthu - ndicho chimene ayenera kuganizira Choyamba wa gulu la anthu a. Kukhala ndi chilakolako chomwecho ndi mmene Iye ayenera kukhala mkati mwa chimango kwambiri. Kuti athe kumvera, mverani akulu ndi mabwana, ndipo ayenera kuti mulimbane ndi chenicheni cha iliyonse munthu kutukuka. Awa mwachidule mfundo zikuluzikulu za wotchuka Confucius.