Nkhondo ya Gaugamela. Dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky ndipo Dariyo: Nkhondo ya Gaugamela

Nkhondo ya Gaugamela zinachitika mu 331 BC. e. Iyo inali kumenyana otsiriza pakati pa magulu ankhondo a mfumu ya Perisiya, Dariyo Wachitatu ndi Aleksandra Makedonskogo. nkhondo kunachitika ukulu kwambiri a Aperisiya. Panali anthu masauzande ambiri, ndipo anamenyana zikwizikwi asilikali a Greek-Chimakedoniya asilikali. Pa chiyambi cha atasemphana Parmenion - mkulu wa asilikali kuwoloka Great - ali ndi vuto yofunika kwambiri. Alexander analamula pambali bwino ndipo anapanga yonyenga ndi zosayembekezereka kwathunthu kuzemba. Izi zapangitsa kuti kusokonekera kwa mfumu ya ku Perisiya, ndipo anasiya nkhondo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asilikali Chimakedoniya anapambana. Chimene chinachitika? Ndipo pamene nkhondo anapita, amene sanaiwale, ndi lero?

dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky

mtsogoleri wotchuka asilikali ankakhala zaka 356-323 BC. Atalanda Aleksandra Makedonskogo anakhala mmodzi wa zochitika zazikulu m'mbiri ya anthu onse. Pa iwo ali epics analemba ndi nthano, anajambula ndi zolembedwa nkhani yolembedwa sayansi. Alexander anali mkulu wa Macedonia ndi woyambitsa wa Girisi boma la padziko lonse. Great anali mwana wa Mfumu Philip II ndi mwana wamkazi wa mfumu Molosser Olympic. mwana A ndaleredwa mu mzimu lolemera: adaphunzitsa masamu, kulemba, kusewera azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala. mphunzitsi wake anali Aristotle yekha. Chiweruzo ndi khalidwe karate, Alexander kale unyamata wake. Monga wolamulira tsogolo popitilira zosaneneka mphamvu, ndipo iye anali wokhoza zikhale Bucephalus - kavalo, sanali kulolera maphunziro aliyense.

Pano pali masiku yodziwika mbiri, amene alemekezedwa mfumu Chimakedoniya:

• chiyambi cha August 338 BC. e. - 16 wazaka asilikali wolamulira asilikali Greek;
• Spring 335 BC. e. - kampeni amene anabweretsa kugonjetsa Alexander phiri Thracians, Illyrians ndi triballi;
• yozizira zaka 334-333 BC. e. Chimakedoniya adakwanitsa kupambana Pamfuliya ndi Lycia.

Koma si mndandanda wonse wa kupambana kwa mtsogoleri wamkulu.

chigonjetso

adzagonjetsa onse a Alexander Wamkulu ndi chodziwikiratu kulongosola masentensi angapo, koma ena ndi ofunika ponena. Kamodzi pa chaka 335 BC. e. Alexander analengeza kuti iye ndi mfumu, iye subordinated chifuniro chake amene angayerekeze kumupandukira: awa anali asilikali kumpoto kwa Macedonia. Iye anakantha Illyrians ndi kuwagwiritsa wa Danube.

Ndiye Wamkulu anali kuletsedwa ndi kugalukira zida za Agiriki. Iye akunda Thebes ndi sanalekerere wa Athens amphamvu. Pasanapite pambuyo pake, ndi ankhondo ake lalikulu la mfumu ya Perisiya anagonjetsa asilikali ndipo anapereka chifuniro chake mu Asia Minor. tsiku A m'mbiri zikusonyeza kuti Alexander mobwerezabwereza kumenyana ndi Dariyo III ndipo anapambana izo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba izo zinachitika mu 333 BC. e. Ndiye kufika Taurus, pa Issus nkhondo kunachitika pakati pa asilikali a asilikali awiri akuluakulu. Koma iye anapambana Wamkulu, Persian mfumu anathawira ku Babulo.

Kugwa wolamulira Alexander anapereka mfundo za mtendere. Koma iye sanamvere iwo. Iye anaganiza kuti agonjetse dziko, yomwe ili pa gombe kum'mawa kwa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Kenako Great nagonjetsa Illyria, ndiye Palestine, kenako Egypt. M'dziko la mapiramidi anamanga Alexandria. Ndiyeno zatchulidwazi Nkhondo ya Gaugamela.

Zifukwa nkhondo

Monga wowerenga akudziwa kale, zinthu zimenezi zinachitika mu 331 BC. e. Pakuti angapo zaka pamaso Dariyo Wachitatu anali woyamba anagonjetsa Goliyati. Ndiye Persian ankafuna mtendere ndi kupereka matalente 10,000 Macedon monga dipo banja lawo analandidwa. Komanso, Mfumu Dariyo anali wokonzeka kupereka mwana wake Alexandra Zotengera. malowolo wake ankaganiza kukhala chuma ku Helesipotale, ndi kwa mtsinje wa Firate. Komanso, Dariyo Wachitatu anali wokonzeka mgwirizano ndi mtendere ndi mdani wako.

Kodi anapereka ku Perisiya, panali amazipanga zofunika kwa Alexander, kotero iye anakambirana zonsezi ndi mayiko ake. Mmodzi wa pafupi wa Macedon, Parmenion, ananena kuti kuvomereza zinthu zonse, kukhala pa malo a Alexander. Koma osati mu kalembedwe anali kutsogozedwa ndi munthu wina. Choncho iye ananena kuti anayenera anavomera, ngati anali ndi mwayi kukhala mu malo Parmenion. Koma ngati iye - dzina lake Aleksandr Veliky, ndipo osati wina, ngakhale kwa asiye-moto sadzapita.

Dariyo anatumiza kalata lolingana, omwe anali kunena kuti munthu ali ndi ufulu analamula mtsogoleri wamkulu. Ndipo mwana wamkazi wa mkazi Persian adzakhala Wamkulu pokhapokha ngati yotsirizira yekha kotero angafune, chifukwa banja lonse mdani mu mphamvu yake. Alexander analemba kuti ngati Dariyo akufuna mtendere, muwalole iwo abwere kwa mbuye wake monga mutu wake. Pambuyo uthenga umenewo Dariyo III anayamba kukonzekera nkhondo yeniyeni.

otsutsa asilikali

Nkhondo Aleksandra Makedonskogo nthawizonse zakhala wamagazi ndi kubweretsa kwambiri zomvetsa otsutsa. Ndipotu, gulu lankhondo la ku Makedoniya anali ambiri. Pokonzekera nkhondo ya Gaugamela, izo awerengedwa 40 zikwi oyenda ndi apakavalo zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Koma Aperisi anali ukulu manambala waukulu. Komabe, zilibe kudzasokoneza Wamkulu, monga ambiri a asilikali a mfumu munali asilikali ophunzitsidwa bwino ndi zinachitikira. Dariyo III asilikali owerengedwa 250 zikwi. Anthu, lomwe panali 30 chikwi. Mercenaries ku Greece ndi 12 zikwi. Baktrians kwambiri pa mahatchi.

Monga tadutsa Firate

Nkhondo ya Gaugamela anayamba ndi chakuti, Atayendetsa Syria, asilikali Chimakedoniya anafika Firate. Gulu lankhondo la Perisiya chinali kuteteza kuwoloka. Koma Aperisi mbisoweka mwamsanga pamene iwo anawona mphamvu yaikulu ya adani awo. Choncho, Alexander anakwanitsa mosavuta Firate ndi kupitiriza fambani kum'mawa. Dariyo sanaletse Wamkulu. Iye, pamodzi ndi asilikali ake adani kuyembekezera pa mbalambanda, amene mwangwiro yoti analamula wa asilikali ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa Amakedoniya. M'mudzi waung'ono Gaugamela inali khomo pafupi ndi chigwa ichi.

Kambuku ndi bwino asilikali a Dariyo

Mu September, iye anapita ku mtsinje wa Tigirisi dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky (Nkhondo ya Gaugamela, mmodzi wa zochuluka ake ambiri, basi kuzungulira ngodya). Akaidi, amene kale akathyole, ananena kuti Dariyo sangalepheretse ulendo wa ku Makedoniya kudzera mosungiramo izi. Koma pambuyo Wamkulu anayamba kuwoloka mtsinje, panalibe m'mbali zosiyana. Aperisi anali akukonzekera kuukira mu lina.

Panthawiyi, asilikali a Dariyo Wachitatu anali bwino ndi kuyengedwa zida zawo. Choncho, phata lenileni ndi magaleta drawbar anaumirira achenjezo chinzake. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti mayunitsi chiyenera kupangitsa agonje kwambiri pa gulu lankhondo la adani. oyenda zida komanso kukhala amphamvu kwambiri.

nkhondo inayambika

The pambali lamanja la Great zinali zolondola, obliquely kutsogolo kwa mzere waukulu. Dariyo analamula phiko lake lamanzere wozungulira wa pambali lamanja la mdani. The apakavalo anathamangira kulikwaniritsa. Alexander komanso analamula kuti apakavalo Greek kuti akanthe, koma anthu ake analephera. Koma mapulani Dariyo sizinakwaniritsidwe.

Alexander Kopambana

Nkhondo ya Gaugamela amoto. Potsilizira pake Dariyo III anathawa ndi asilikali kunkhondo ngati nashkodivshy mphaka. Ngakhale ankhondo ake ambiri Chimakedoniya anatha kupambana chifukwa nzeru zake ndi nzeru. Nkhondo imeneyi kunali kutha kwa Ufumu wa Perisiya ndi wolamulira wake anaphedwa ndi anzake omwe idzatha. Dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky, pambuyo pa nkhondo yaikulu ali anapambana chigonjetso ambiri ndipo anawonjezera umwini wake si mphamvu.