Ruza General Nikolay Vladimirovich: yonena ndi imfa

Malinga ndi ambirimbiri historiography, munthu uyu anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri kulandidwa kwa autocracy mu Russia. General Ruza, wotsimikiza monarchist, mmodzi wa oyamba akufuna kuti Tsar Nicholas II kunyalanyaza, m'malo mothandiza ndi kuthandiza mfumu kukhala pa mpando wachifumu. Mfumu anawerengera thandizo akazembe ake, ndi kuti chabe anaperekedwa.

Usilikali, Ruza (General wa oyenda) wakhazikitsa ngati mtsogoleri wodziwa nkhondo, kotero anabwera mphamvu, Bolsheviks amafuna kukhala analamula asilikali, koma mbali yawo. Koma iye anakana pempholo ili, ndi chifukwa zowawa kuphedwa mwankhanza.

izi Ruza General ndi ndani? mfumu kapena wompereka wa zokometsera Lathu amene tsoka wakonzera kusankha kwambiri? Taganizirani funso ili mwatsatanetsatane.

Zaka ubwana ndi unyamata

Nikolay Vladimirovich Ruzsky - anabadwa kuchigawo Kaluga anabadwa pa March 6 1854 chaka.

chiwerengero A magwero zikusonyeza kuti ambiri m'tsogolo wachibale wa ndakatulo Lermontov, yemwe analemba ndakatulo odziwika "The watsopano." Pothandizira ichi iwo amapereka deta kusonyeza kuti mmodzi wa makolo a Mikhail Yurevich, mu XVIII atumwi, yemwe anali bwanamkubwa wa Moscow dera m'tauni ya Ruza, anabereka mwana apathengo. Posakhalitsa, mbewu dzina la mzinda umene mlandu zokhudza Lermontov.

Koma N'zokayikitsa ngati ambiri Ruza anapereka ongolankhula zimakhalira pachibale ndi wotchuka ndakatulo zofunika kwambiri. Kenako iye anali kulandiridwa wonse maphunziro chakale, omwe malamulo anali chimodzimodzi kwa ana onse a mabanja mfulu, koma Nicholas bambo ake anamwalira oyambirira. Pambuyo pake, moyo wake anayamba kusokoneza antchito likulu la gulu la matrasti, koma tsogolo ambiri mfundo imeneyi si makamaka irked. Kale unyamata wake Nicholas akulakalaka ntchito ya usilikali.

zaka kuphunzira

Kuyamba chiyerekezo kuti loto, Ruza anakhala ophunzira loyamba kusukulu ya usilikali, amene ankakhala mu mzinda pa Neva.

Patapita nthawi iye anali cadet chachiwiri Konstantinovsky usilikali School, amene anamaliza maphunziro anakhala mkulu oyenda. Kumbukirani kuti kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX sukulu Russian asilikali anayamba kuchita kusintha anayambika ndi Tsar Alexander II mbiri Dmitriem Milyutinym. N'chifukwa chake General Ruza, chithunzi cha zomwe zilipo mabuku ambiri pa luso la nkhondo, ndipo pali m'nkhani ino kuti maphunziro ndi apamwamba, lolingana zimachitika nthawi.

Chiyambi cha ntchito yake yausilikali

Nditamaliza maphunziro a ukachenjede, mnyamatayu anapita kukatumikira ku Moyo alonda Grenadier Regiment monga bwana. Iwo anayamba Chirasha Turkey nkhondo Patapita zaka zingapo, ndi tsogolo ambiri Ruza anasonyeza munda wa nkhondo yekha kumbali positive. Amayamikira kusonyeza kulimba mtima Ruza analandira Order wa St. Anne a kalasi IV. Kumapeto kwa kapitawo ntchito asilikali anaganiza kuwonjezera luso lawo ndi aphunzitsidwa mu Mykolayiv General Wogwila Academy. Aphunzitsi ake anali wotchuka V. Sukhomlinov ndi Kuropatkin. Ndiye mkulu wa mungagwiritsire ntchito nzeru izi mu kuchita, alternately kuchotsa ndodo m'maboma asilikali. Nikolay Vladimirovich anakhala weniweni Katswiri panali ndi ntchito ntchito.

Chinthu chofunika lotsatira mu ntchito yake inali kutumikira mu Kiev usilikali District monga Quartermaster General. Patapita nthawi, Ruza ndikuyipha ankalimbikitsa kuti Major General ndipo iye mutu likulu.

Chirasha Japanese nkhondo

Pa chiyambi cha XX m'ma Russia anali nawo nkhondo asilikali ndi Japan. General Ruza, amene yonena za chidwi kwambiri ndi azambiriyakale, adzatsogolera wachiwiri Manchurian likulu asilikali. Adzamuwonetsa makhalidwe awo abwino mtsogoleri wa asilikali, mwadongosolo asilikali chitetezo zopatsidwa kwa iye pa Shahe Mtsinje. Koma nthawi zina kupambana limodzi ndi zokhumudwitsa. Makamaka, tikulankhula za ntchito amanyansidwa pansi Sandepu, amene anali anakuvoterani pansi chifukwa cha kanthu wokayikakayika wamkulu.

ntchito inanso

Nkhondo itatha Ruzsky apatsidwa analamula 21 Army Corps. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX, Nikolai Vladimirovich wakhala mu udindo wa General wa oyenda, kufanana ndi kukhala gawo la Council usilikali. Iye adzakupatsani zothandiza ntchito pa chitukuko cha kusintha kwa asilikali. General Ruza Co-wolemba angapo a zolemba ndi malangizo. Wotamandidwa akapitawo a zopereka ake Buku Field mu 1912. Akagwira ntchito, Nikolai Vladimirovich anabwerera ku msonkhano mu Kiev usilikali District, kumene iye anali mkulu wothandizira mpaka chiyambi cha First World nkhondo.

1914

Pambuyo kunabuka nkhondo pakati pa adani awo ndi mgwirizano ndale, komwe kunkakhala Germany ndi Austria-Hungary, lamulo Russian ananditumiza kudzamenyana Ruza South-Western Front, sanawakhulupirire analamula 3 Army.

Strategic malangizo amalowa a nkhondo anali nkhondo ya wotchedwa Galicia, imene Nikolay Vladimirovich, ogwirizana ndi asilikali a General Brusilov, anathandiza kuponyera mdani m'dera la Bukovina ndi East wotchedwa Galicia. Koma analinso tasked kugwila Lvov ndi Galich. Kale mu chilimwe cha 1914 Ruza General Nikolay Vladimirovich kwambiri pafupi ndi kukhazikitsa: mdani anabwerera, ngakhale kuti kuletsa asilikali Russian pa mtsinje kuvunda Lipa Lipa ndi Gold. Potsilizira pake, Lviv linalandidwa, kenako Brusilov kutamanda zochita za anzake mu manja ake. Iye anafotokoza Ruza mmene mtima, wolimba ndi mtsogoleri wanzeru asilikali. Koma gawo anagonjetsa wotchedwa Galicia anasonyeza khalidwe onse a mtsogoleri wa asilikali. Pali anasonyeza lotseguka odana Semitism. N'chifukwa chiyani kuwononga mtundu wina wotchedwa Galicia, General Ruza? Myuda, mu maganizo ake, kwenikweni kazitape pa ntchito yomwe bwanji zofuna za anthu Russian, choncho mtundu uwu ayenera kutetezera magazi a mlandu wake.

ntchito yatsopano

Nikolay Vladimirovich bwino ntchito asilikali analimbikitsidwa, ndipo posakhalitsa anapatsidwa lamulo la North-Western Front, amene asilikali anagonjetsedwa ku East Prussia. zinthu amakhala ndi chakuti asilikali a German anali okonzeka kuposa Austria-Hungary, kotero kuti normalization wa zinthu chofunika mtsogoleri wodziwa nkhondo, udindo umene abwino ambiri Ruza. Iye anali wokhoza kuletsa alimbane cha mdani mu nkhondo pa Vistula pakati komanso pansi pa Polish Lodz. Ndipo mdani osati utaleka mu kukhazikitsa mapulani awo, komanso kuti chipinda chakumbuyo.

Ndiye German High Lamulo wasankha zolimbitsira ake mu North-West malangizo kubweza Russian ambiri. Chifukwa cha nkhondo wamagazi cha mdani chiyani kusamalira kugonjetsa mzinda wa Augustow, koma achiyesa kugonjetsa likulu Polish alephera.

Nkhondoyo, anabweretsa ndi mzinda Prasnysh, Nikolai Vladimirovich anatha molondola kumanga machenjerero chitetezo, kuchititsa mdani anali atabwerera ku East Prussia. General Ruza ankati kuukira adani ndi kuswa kwa smithereens asilikali a ku Germany. Koma Russian atsogoleri a asilikali akutenga njira ina: kuganizira mphamvu yaikulu polimbana Austria-Hungarians, ndi North-Western Front anali kuchita monga cholepheretsa German gulu zolawula.

zosangalatsa

Pokhumudwa njira imeneyi n'kosathandiza a nkhondo, wotopa maganizo ndi thupi mtsogoleri, m'manja lamulo kutsogolo wina ambiri ndipo anapita pa holide Kukuthandiza Anthu Odwala. Patapita nthawi, Nikolay Vladimirovich walamula kugawa ankhondo, zomwe anaonetsetsa chitetezo cha Petrograd. Kenaka atatha "dismemberment" wa North-Western Front, ku North ndi West adzakhala kutsogoleredwa ndi General choyamba.

Koma ngakhale pamene ntchito ya usilikali adzakhala ananeneratu kuti autocrat Nicholas II, iye sadzataya machenjerero kumbuyo kuti m'kupita kukhumudwitsa Ruza ndipo iye anali kale pansi napemphera monyenga ofunda kuti adzathe kutumiza patchuthi.

1916

Pambuyo yoti miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mwini dongosolo la St. Anne IV mmene adzakhala kachiwiri analamula kutsogolo kumpoto. Iye akadali ankaganiza kuti lamulo Russian zipita kuukira yogwira ndi nkhonya kwambiri ku Germany. Koma Ankhondo mphamvu asilikali mwadzidzidzi anayamba kusungunula pamaso pathu: asilikali tatopa nkhondo ndipo ankafuna zovuta kuzimvetsa msanga kubwerera ku mabanja awo. Pamene, pa kuukira m'dera la asilikali Baltic anaukira ndi anakana kupita pa tingalimbanirane, Nikolai Vladimirovich anali anaopseza mzimu wopanduka wa Khoti moralizovat.

Komabe, zimenezi pamapeto pake sanathe asinthe ntchito, ndi mapulani kuukira anagonjetsedwa. Patapita nthawi, ndipo anamaliza nkhondo yokha.

Mmene timaonera ulamuliro

Azambiriyakale akadali kukanganiranabe chifukwa General Ruza pakupereka mfumu? M'nyengo yozizira 1917, iye nsangala anathandiza kanthu za State Duma maguluwo kuti asiye "limp" ndi "osamveka" malamulo a boma ziliri pa nkhope ya mfumu Russian. Nikolay Vladimirovich, amene adayima mwamphamvu motetezera boma autocratic, zotsutsa za ndondomekoyi, umene unachitikira mfumu. Posachedwapa zoona, osati malamulo, posamutsa mbali yaikulu ya zochitika mwayekha pa chifundo cha wamba Grigory Rasputin, amene anakhala ngati "imvi kadinala" nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Nicholas II. Iye anaonanso kukula kusakhutira ya misa nkhawa za mmene zinthu zilili mu ufumu ndi kupitirira. General ndikanafuna angayendetsere Russia latsopano anakhala autocrat, zambiri proactive, wokonzeka kusintha, amene yaitali overdue mu dongosolo BOMA. Mwina mbali ya chifukwa General Ruza pakupereka mfumu.

pempholo kukweza korona

Pa tsiku loyamba la kasupe 1917 autocrat anachokera Tsarskoye Selo kuti Pskov, komwe likulu la kumpoto Front. Koma palibe wina anakumana ndi mfumu sitima wake buluu ndi mphungu golide anafika pa nsanja. Only patapita kanthawi panali Nikolai Vladimirovich, amene anatsatira mu galimoto kumene iye anali mfumu. Tsiku lotsatira Ruza ankatanthauza mfumu mwaufulu amatula pansi mphamvu za mfumu. Patapita nthawi, General briefed Nicholas II m'ma chikalata, limene analembapo mayankho a asilikali ndi amalinyero pa funso limodzi: "Kodi renunciation la mpando wachifumu wa Romanov" "Kodi" chifukwa cha "kapena" ndi Pafupifupi onse anasankha njira choyamba, kupatulapo General Kolchak, amene anatenga zinakambirana. Pakati pa usiku Mfumu anaperekedwa Nikolai Vladimirovich ndi akuluakulu a boma Duma wa manifestos imene anapatsa mphamvu wachifumu m'bale wake Michael. M'nthawi lero ali ndi ufulu kunena kuti mwina General Ruza - wachinyengo, koma kodi - zofunika kukambirana.

yosiya

Pamene Nikolai Vladimirovich anamvetsa kuti Russia anakomoka dongosolo autocratic kwathunthu, iye tendered yosiya wake, limene pambuyo pake mopepuka. Kubwezeretsa thanzi, ambiri anatumizidwa ku Caucasus. Mphamvu mu dziko anadutsa ku Provisional Government ndipo m'chilimwe cha 1917 Ruza msonkhano wa lamulo wapamwamba wa Mphamvu ndi onyamula, omwe anali nawo oimira boma latsopanolo.

General inalamula anthu a ku boma kukhazikitsa bata mu dziko, kuthetsa chisokonezo chimene chinayambira ku asilikali ndi kudziko. Alexander Kerensky ndiye Ruzsky sanagwirizane chifukwa chofuna kusintha mbiri ndi kubwezeretsa ufumu.

Kodi kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Bolsheviks

Pamene mphamvu mu dziko ankadutsa 'asiye "mkulu wa asilikali anakwiya anatenga uthenga. Pamene iye anali pa nthawi imeneyo General Ruza? Pyatigorsk wakhala chitetezo chatha iye. Posakhalitsa mzinda anali kulamulidwa ndi "ofiira" imene ikuchitika amangidwe ndi mtsogoleri wodziwa wa asilikali Russian. The Bolsheviks ankadziwa za mtengo wake wolimba mtima, kotero Nikolai Vladimirovich anapereka kulimbana mbali yawo. Koma iye anakana, amene anaphedwa pa Pyatigorsk manda. General Ruza amene imfa zinachitika October 19, 1918, sanamuzindikire chigonjetso cha kumanzere wotchedwa "The Great October Socialist utasintha", kuika monga "cholanda zikuluzikulu." mwanjira ina, koma mkulu lopambana wapanga chopereka kwambiri ndi ntchito za chiwembu d'etat ndipo anatha mwina m'chitetezo chigonjetso cha "Kumanzere", kenako anam'dalitsa zimene akumanidwa moyo.