Nzeru Russian isanafike chiyambi cha XIX atumwi

nzeru Russian anabadwa mu nkhani ya kum'mawa Asilavo ganizo zamulungu Mkhristu. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu nyengo ya ku XI m'ma XVII, pambuyo umene umabwera nthawi ya Russian Chenicheni (XVII-XVIII atumwi), ndipo potsiriza, m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, wotchuka kwambiri ndipo anapereka dziko maina ambiri otchuka. Yapitayi m'ma anakhala undeservedly aiwala, kapena kodi kukopa chidwi. Komabe, nyengo imeneyi chidwi kwambiri.

Ngakhale nzeru poyamba Russian anali kwambiri ndi zamulungu Byzantine Komabe, iye anali wokhoza kukhala mwini cilamulo chinenero chake ndi mfundo zothandiza. Zitsanzo za izi ndi odziwika "Mawu Chilamulo ndi chisomo" Metropolitan Illariona anailemba XI m'ma - kutanthauzira Muchipangano chakale, kupanga ndi "kuwala" zikondwerero lingaliro pa "mdima"; ndi "Malangizo" Vladimir Monomakh za m'ma XII, ndiwo malamulo koyenela khalidwe la anthu wamba (ntchito zabwino, zilango ndi almsgiving). "Mkulu wa Mabishopu despotism" anali olemera. Mu Middle Ages, monga dziko anazindikira chilengedwe cha Mulungu, mbiri ndi zenizeni ozungulira amaona ngati m'bwalomo za kulimbana chisomo ndi machenjera a mdierekezi.

Russian anzeru achipembedzo anamvera Greek hesychasm mawunikidwe pa "chete, pemphero maganizo." Zinali ndiye koyamba anaukitsa vuto la munthu wa nzeru Russia. Panali chiphunzitso cha umphumphu wa munthu, kuzindikiridwa mwa kogwidwa, pa kusanthula zikhumbo zake ndi machimo a "Chikondi" ndi "mphamvu" kuti "Mulungu amadziwika mwa chilengedwe, kotero munthu -. Kukumbukira" Analiko Russia ndi afilosofi wotsutsa chi Orthodox yachikristu, ngakhale kayendedwe lonse, amatchedwa "achikunja" - Strigolniki, amene poyerekeza ndi Cathars Western ndi Awadensi, ndipo sanali nayo, amene anakhala anzathu European mafunde zisinthe.

Kuyambira nthawi ya Ivana Groznogo nzeru Russian zimatengera pa khalidwe la ndale. Izi Tingaone makalata a mfumu ndi bwenzi lake mdani wa Prince Kurbsky. oimira ake ayamba kulankhula za sayansi ya kulamulira ndi luso la boma, kufunika kwa "opekaniya" anthu kudzera (chinsinsi) State Council. pachimake geopolitical inafalitsidwa mu malangizo a zolemba za Abbot Philotheus, kutanthauza Russia ngati Rome Chachitatu, "ndi wachinayi kukhala ndekha." Panalinso nzeru ya dziko kulungamitsa autocracy zopanda malire Ivan Peresvetov ndi Ermolay Erazm. Kholo lakale Nikon anayesera kulingalira mphamvu azilamulira aboma, "unsembe Latin", ndi Yuri Krizanic anaitana kugwirizana wa Asilavo motsutsa Greek ndi kuopseza German.

Russian nzeru, ndithudi, ndinamverera mphamvu ya European ndipo ngakhale wokonda mafashoni pa nthawi Western mavuto Mwachitsanzo, za ubwenzi kwa Agiriki ndi Aroma chikhalidwe wakale. Ndi zina pa mapeto a XVII ndi zaka XVIII, pamene pali Kubadwa Kwatsopano maganizo a dzikoli. Choyamba, mu nthawi imeneyo chilengedwe chonse ndi kuyanga a University Moscow, kumene kuphunzitsa anayamba kuloza ku Latin ku Russian. Panali Way lonse akatswiri a Choonadi, monga Feofan Prokopovich, Stefan Jaworski, Shcherbakov, Kozelskiy, Tretyakov, Anichkov, Baturin, amene anapanga pofuna wake kuti lithe mfundo za chikhalidwe wakale ndi Mkhristu.

nzeru Russian wa Choonadi ayenera kunyadira nthumwi monga Mikhail Lomonosov. Pokhala munthu chiyambi wodzichepetsa, anamaliza ku St. Petersburg Academy ndipo anakhala polymath woona, analemba angapo ntchito, kuyambira zimango, sayansi ndi migodi mpaka zolemba ndale za "kuteteza ndi kukula kwa anthu Russian." Iye anagawana ambiri mwapang'onopang'ono kwa nthawi, akuwoneka kwa sayansi, kuphatikizapo mfundo ya "si kuwasokoneza" a zaumulungu mu sayansi nzeru za achilengedwe, kaya ndi mphamvu yokoka, sikudalira chifuniro cha Mulungu, "malamulo a chilengedwe" ndi dongosolo la dziko zinthu "za corpuscles" (ndilo Poyembekezera ya atomiki chiphunzitso molekuryarnoy loukitsa Akufa), ndi zina zotero. Lomonosov chidwi maganizo a Giordano Bruno pa kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa ndi kuzindikira malamulo a kusamala zinthu ndiponso mphamvu. Kukhala munthu wa nzeru zapadera, anasiya ana ake malangizo chachikulu: "Nkhani ya malingaliro zoposera zikwi, koma ntchito neumeyuschih chifukwa, zinachitikira chilibe ntchito."