Russian Space Art. Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov: yonena zolemba

Dzina Russian nzeru zapamwamba Nikolai Fedorov akhala zabisidwa kwa anthu, koma sunaiwalike, chifukwa maganizo ake ouziridwa asayansi amenewa yabwino Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky, Nikolay Aleksandrovich Naumov.

nzeru ena Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndipo zoyambirira za 20. Vladimir Solovyov, Nikolay Berdyaev, Pavel Florensky, Sergei Bulgakov ndi ena wofunika kwambiri Fedorov malingaliro ndi Vladimir Nikolaevich Ilin m'nkhani wake "Nikolai Fedorov ndi St. Serafim Sarovsky" amaika anthu awa awiri pa siteji wamba monga msonkho wauzimu mkulu ndi woona wachikhristu chiyero Nikolai Fedorovich.

Childhood ndi unyamata

N. Fedorov yonena muli zambiri mawanga woyera. Sitingathe kunena ngati iye anali wokwatira, ngati ana awo. Amadziwika yekha kuti anabadwa Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov, 26 May (7 June) 1829. zambiri zanu silili mayi ake. Iye anali mwana wapathengo wa Prince Pavel Ivanovich Gagarin. Monga wapathengo kapena Nikolay kapena m'bale wake ndi alongo atatu sankaloledwa amati mutu ndi dzina la atate wake. Fedorov anali godfather wake. Kwa iye analandira dzina lake. Zikatere panthawiyi si zachilendo: a fuko lomveka zingachitikenso mu chikondi ndi m'mphawi mtsikana, koma chilekano ndi ukwati kwa mkazi wa kalasi m'munsi akumanidwa mwayi ambiri monga banja ndi ana awo.

Koma dzina, pambuyo ndege ya Yuri Gagarin TV yachilendo alabadira zinachitika pa nkhani yakuti "Awiri Gagarin", kutanthauza dzina lenileni Nikolai Fedorovich. Sergei Korolev anali mu ofesi yake chithunzi-cosmist nzeru zapamwamba ndipo, ndithudi, zochita, mmodzi wa anyamata woyamba kutumiza mu mlengalenga, sakanakhoza kuganiza za chizindikiro chabwino.

Atate, Prince Gagarin, sanam'bisira zinthu zake extramarital m'bale wake - Konstantin Ivanovich Gagarin. Iye anatenga gawo mu tsoka la nephews wake. Iye anatenga pa malipiro a Nicholas maphunziro. mfundo zina za ana apo. Native m'mudzi Chinsinsi (Tambov Province, tsopano - Ryazan dera, Sasovsky District) Nikolay kumanzere kufika zaka sukulu - anasamukira Tambov, kumene sukulu ya sekondale.

Richelieu Lyceum

Nditamaliza maphunziro a sekondale mu 1849, Fedorov anapita ku Odessa. Apo iye analembetsa wotchuka Lyceum Richelieu mu mphamvu ya Chilamulo. Iyi ndi sukulu yapamwamba kwambiri. Koposa zonse, anali pa malo yachiwiri itatha wotchuka Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Malinga zikuchokera nkhani, khalidwe la chidziwitso ndi kuphunzitsa malamulo iye anali, kani, yunivesite kuposa Lyceum. Kuphunzitsa anatsogoleredwa ndi Pulofesa. The Richelieu Lyceum anaphunzira ana a zothandiza ndiponso wolemera mabanja. Nicholas ankaphunzira kumeneko zaka zitatu. Atamwalira amalume ake, kulipira maphunziro ake, mnyamata anakakamizika kusiya sukulu ndi kuyamba ufulu. Wapathengo mwana, ngakhale anapatsidwa matalente kwambiri ndi makhalidwe abwino apamwamba, sakanakhoza kudalira boma bungwe ili. Koma zaka zitatu kuphunzira sanali pachabe. chidziwitso chachikulu sayansi ndi anthu, zopezera sekondale, m'tsogolo m'pofunika kwambiri kuti nzeru zapamwamba m'tsogolo, chinali chiyambi cha cosmism Russian.

A mphunzitsi ndi mabuku

Mu 1854, Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov kunyumba m'chigawo Tambov, analandira kalata ya mphunzitsi ndipo atayang'ana kumzinda wa Makhachkala ntchito mphunzitsi wa mbiri ndi madera. Mpaka kumapeto a zaka zao za sikisite iye ankachita nawo kuphunzitsa sukulu chigawo Tambov, Moscow, Yaroslavl ndi Tula zigawo. Kuyambira 1867 mpaka 1869 anapita ku Moscow, kumene anapereka pandekha ana Michael.

Mu 1869, Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov potsiriza anasamukira ku Moscow ndipo anatenga mabuku wothandizira mu Chertkov lotseguka choyamba mu laibulale.

Fedorov ankaganiza kuti laibulale - ichi ndi chimake cha chikhalidwe, zomwe zimabweretsa pamodzi anthu amene si mwa chibale, koma pafupi ndi anyamata zauzimu - mabuku, zojambulajambula, sayansi. Zinali ndi lamulo la kukopera ndipo mwachangu kulimbikitsa zosiyanasiyana buku kuwombola.

Rumyantsev Museum ndi ophunzira

Mu Chertkovsky Library Fedorov anakumana ndi bambo tsogolo la astronautics - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Tsiolkovsky anabwera Moscow ndi cholinga kupeza maphunziro pa Apamwamba zaumisiri School (tsopano Bauman), koma sanatero ndipo anaganiza namkungwi. Nikolai Fedorovich m'malo ake yunivesiteyo. Mu zaka zitatu motsogozedwa Fedorov Tsiolkovsky katswiri sayansi, sayansi ya kapangidwe ka zinthu, masamu apamwamba, ndi zina zotero. D. Sizidali aiwala, ndi zaumunthu, amene, monga otsalawo laperekedwa kwa madzulo.

Pamene Patapita zaka zingapo laibulale linali lofika ku Rumyantsev Museum, Fodorov N. F. chikwaniritsidwe openga United buku thumba. Mu nthawi yawo yambiri, iye anagwira ntchito ndi achinyamata. malipiro ake odzichepetsa Nikolai Fedorovich ntchito pa ophunzira, pamene iye ankakhala, kutsatira chuma lotsatira mlingo umene sagwiritsa ntchito zoyendera onse ndi kupita kulikonse wapansi.

Mfundo yaikulu ya cosmism chiphunzitso

Nikolai Fedorov ankaona bambo wa cosmism Russian. Nzeru zapamwamba, iye anati pambuyo kutsegula kwa Copernican dongosolo heliocentric wa nzeru akale anali kupendanso maganizo awo za dongosolo la dziko. Space chiyembekezo akukonzerani anthu ntchito yatsopano. Mawu a Tsiolkovsky: "Dziko Lapansi - chopunthira cha umunthu, koma osati nthawizonse moyo mu mchikuta ndi!"

Tikumbukenso kuti nzeru za sayansi Fedorov anatanthauza pamene lingaliro mozungulira. Malinga ndi iye, posapita nthawi kumabweretsa kudzipatula ku phunziro la ndi kukana kudziwa cholinga. chidziwitso ongolankhula zanuzo zizikhala ndi zochita zawo, ndipo cholinga chake kutumikira kuphunzira chikhalidwe, za moyo ndi imfa chifukwa kasamalidwe awo.

thambo katswiri ngati kuchuluka zochepa zimenezi zikusonyeza yokha: Mulungu analenga malo zazikulu kwambiri ndi maganizo kuika mmenemo anthu onse amene anakhalako, ndi amene uyenera kubadwa m'tsogolo. Mu njira ina, zilibe kufotokoza. Mothandizidwa ndi maganizo amenewa anabadwa Russian Space Art Fedorov. Poganizira chilengedwe monga m'madera ambiri gawo chabe tosaoneka amene ali anthu, katswiri wa nzeru zogwirizana izi vutoli zobwera ndi ziphunzitso za chiukitsiro. Free danga Mlengi anakonzera kuwayika pa izo ambirimbiri a anthu amene anakhalako. Zambiri za izi zikhoza kupezeka pa mndandanda wa ntchito za Nikolai Fedorovich, ogwirizana ndi dzina lakuti "nzeru za chifukwa wamba." Chitukuko cha chitukuko anthu ayenera kupita kwa kufufuza a m'mlengalenga, kubwerera ku moyo wakuthupi wa anthu amene analiko ndipo tsopano m'manda. Pa nkhani imeneyi m'pofunika kulenga chikhalidwe chatsopano chimene chimathandiza aliyense amakhala mwamtendere.

chikhalidwe chatsopano

Nikolai Fedorovich anali munthu wachipembedzo. Iye anakhala nawo moyo mapemphero a Mpingo, kuona ankasala kudya, kuvomereza zonse ndi mgonero. Malinga ndi iye, mwambo watsopano ayenera anayamba pa maziko a chiphunzitso cha Chikhristu cha Utatu wa Mulungu. Monga atatu zomwenso osiyana a Mulungu - Atate, Mwana ndi Mzimu Woyera, mogwirizana kucheza, ndi anthu anagawa ayenera kupeza njira coexistence mtendere. Mulungu Utatu - ndi otsutsana a kum'mawa mtima kuvunda wa anthu ammudzi ndi Western anthu azikhala.

Maziko abwino kwa ubale watsopano ndi zachilengedwe. Kusamalira kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha malamulo ake ndi kasamalidwe ayenera kukhala maziko ogwirizanitsira anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ntchito ndi milingo maphunziro. Kodi sayansi ndi chipembedzo ndi zambiri zofanana. The ziphunzitso za Kuuka kwa akufa ziyenera kuperekedwa kuchita asayansi.

Kuuka kwa akufa

Kodi chiukitso, malinga Fedorov - ndi chitsitsimutso ndi kukonzanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu? Anzeruwo amanena kuti imfa ndi zoipa zomwe anthu kuti kuthetseratu. Munthu aliyense amakhala ndi imfa ya makolo ake Choncho, n'kulakwa. Izi zilili ayenera kudzudzulidwa. Ma invoice wopelekedwa uyenera kulipiridwa ndi kuuka kwa akufa. Ganizo kuuka ayenera kuthandiza munthu yolumikiza asayansi padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha chifukwa wamba.

limagwirira kuuka potengera malamulo a sayansi - lililonse thupi wapangidwa ndi mamolekyulu ndi maatomu imene ikuchitikira pafupi wina ndi mnzake mphamvu kukopeka ndi repulsion. zinthu zonse zimatulutsa mafunde amenewa. zinthuzo ayenera kuphunzira ndi anafufuza adzabwezeretse kanthu thupi, ndi kukula anthu omaliza dziko zakuthupi anasunga kwachilengedwenso kapena mndandanda wa mphamvu, wa imene inali amuna, kuti matupi iwo mu njira iyi. Zosintha kuuka mwina, malinga Fedorov.

The nzeru za chitsanzo cha chitukuko cha anthu zikuphatikizapo maphunziro a mgwirizano watsopano pakati pa anthu. Chifukwa paradaiso - si malo ephemeral, anthu mizimu ya olungama, ndi sindicho mtendere wa mumtima, kuti mulimbane ndi chowonadi, kusintha kuti alibe mphamvu, ndi lenileni thupi lonse, m'pofunika kusintha kapena kuphunzitsa anthu kuti adagawana muyaya ku kudalira .. zopindika, lotchedwa chidani, nsanje, kukonda kwambiri chuma, chisoni, kunyada, kupembedza mafano, etc. Muyeneranso kutero kuti anthu amadwala zikuchitika thupi monga: matenda, kuzizira, kutentha, njala, ndi ena. Iyi ndi ntchito za asayansi, ndi kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo. Sayansi ndi chipembedzo ayenera pogwirizanitsa.

Nikolai Fedorovich utoto njira ziwiri za chitukuko cha chitukuko anthu.

Kubverana amuna ndi akazi

Nikolai Fyodorov Sichinatsitsidwe molambalala chidwi ndi mbali ino ya ubale wa anthu. Mu dziko lathu, mu maganizo ake, ali mu mwambo wa akazi ndi chikondi chithupithupi. Ubale nizitengedwa ndi nzeru kugonana. More zimamvekera ndi chisoni kwenikweni.

okwatirana ayenera kumangidwa pa chitsanzo cha Utatu Auzimu, pamene Union - osati goli, ndi payekha la munthu si chifukwa chisokonezo. Chikondi pakati pa amuna ndi akazi Chioneke chikondi cha ana ndi makolo awo. Komabe, sikuloledwa, osati chilakolako, komanso zosiyana ake - kudzipatulira kuzinthu n'kosayenera kudzikonda wathunthu ndi okoma mtheradi.

Kubereka ana adzakhala amaona ottsetvorenie, mwachitsanzo chilengedwe cha anthu kwa Zolengedwa zatsopano. zimamvekera wathu kugonana - ichi kuthawa zachibadwa ku imfa ndi kubadwa, mu maganizo amenewa - zosiyana kufa. Chikondi cha makolo amalanda kuopa imfa yake ndi lidzasinthidwa zosangalatsa za makolo.

Njira yoyamba imene anthu akhoza kupita

Luntha ndi asayansi padziko lonse ntchito pa recreating munthu jini dziwe. Zachitetezo simudzapezeka ntchito kwa aukali, zolinga vzaimoistreblyayuschih ndipo ntchito kutsutsa magulu elemental zachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, kusefukira kwa madzi, zivomezi, ndi kuphulitsa mapiri, moto nkhalango ndi zina zotero. D.

Makampani adzaleka kupanga mankhwala angatchedwe zidole akulu. Kupanga zazikulu kuti akalandire m'midzi. Palinso chidzasintha moyo. Stepanov ndi mzinda anthu pa wodzipangitsa, sachedwa moyo parasitic. Moyo m'mizinda zimaphwanya iwo zokhumba wathanzi, malire, ndipo si monga osathandiza, koma womvetsa chisoni.

maphunziro - chofunika kukhazikitsa dongosolo la chiukitsiro.

BOMA idzachitike ndi mfumu kugwirizana ndi mabwenzi anthu ake sali Caesar ndi anthu ake, ndi wojambula chifuniro cha Mulungu chifukwa cha zabwino konsekonse.

njira ina

Nikolai Fyodorov adafotokoza njira ina chitukuko cha chitukuko anthu, omwe adzatitsogolera chosafa ndi kuuka kwa akufa, ndi chiweruzo chotsiriza ndi gehena wamoto. Russian Space Art - lingaliro lenileni izo ziribe kanthu kochita ndi kuganizira n'komwe za olemba nkhani yopeka. Fedorov dziko chithunzi zikuwoneka amazipanga yoona, ngakhale anakhala m'nyengo patsogolo ulimi sayansi ndi luso.

Ndi chiweruzo chotsiriza adzachititsa ndi tanthauzo wapamwamba zitetezeke, umene kugonjetsa bwino. Vutolo limachitika chifukwa cha kusuta kwa Mulungu, imfa ya chikhulupiriro mwa luso lake, chifuniro chikondi ndi kuganizira anthu. Kuchokera pansi pa kutanthauzira m'lingaliro cholakwika cha anthu chitetezo adzayamba chongopeka lithe chakudya. Chilakolako zidzakhalapo pa chikondi, adzaoneka mabanja zobwera popanda kubereka ana. Nyama ndi zomera kuti loopsa ku thanzi, idzawonongedwa. Kusiya kubala ndege. M'kupita kwa anthu adzawononga wina ndi mzake. Ndiyeno padzabwera tsiku la mkwiyo.

Ndi chodabwitsa kuti zonse izi linalembedwa m'zaka za m'ma XIX - Nikolai Fyodorov anafa December 28, 1903.

Science, wobadwa ziphunzitso Fedorova

Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov, mosadziwa, anauzira Konstantina Tsiolkovskogo adzipereke moyo wake ku chilengedwe cha nthambi yatsopano ya sayansi - danga kufufuza.

Dongosolo la dongosolo la dziko, kukonza ndi Nikolai Fedorovich, anagonjetsa anthu ambiri m'nthawi yake. Kuti wafunsira lingaliro Fedorov sayansi monga malo ndi geliobilogiya, aeroionifikatsiya, elektrogemodinamika ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi sayansi nawo cholowa kuti wasiya "Moskovskiy Sokrat", monga dzina abwenzi Fedorov ndi ana, amalembedwa vekitala ndipo linapereka kuti chitukuko cha chidziwitso konsekonse kwa zaka zambiri. Ndi Kutengera ake anabadwa maganizo atsopano pa zamoyo wa anthu, monga ndondomeko yogwira, opangidwa ndi anthu okha, ogwira ntchito pa chilengedwe cha yabwino ya noosphere lapansi.

Ambiri mwa zolemba kuti anachita ophunzira ake Fodorov N. F. anapulumuka. Nikolai Fedorovich anali sanachite kufalitsa malingaliro ake. ntchito zake ndasunga ophunzira ambiri. Nikolay Pavlovich Peterson ndi Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kozhevnikov systematized awo ndi lofalitsidwa mu 1906. mabuku onse anagawira malaibulale ndi ufulu anagawira mwa anthu achidwi.

Pa moyo wa Nikolai Fedorovich konse kujambulidwa ndi sanalole kujambula. Komabe, Leonid Pasternak akadali kumulonjeza chithunzi chimodzi. Timaika mu kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino.

Pomaliza

Mu zaka za mphamvu Soviet mu USSR, pamene makampani danga ndi sayansi apanga zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri pa Nikolai Fedorov anadziwika kokha kwa bwalo yopapatiza.

Top atsogoleri a Party Communist cha chiphunzitso Union a Soviet Fedorov anazindikira chopambanitsa womangidwa zoti Mkhristu wa chilengedwe monga kulengedwa maganizo a Mulungu Woyera Utatu - Atate, Mwana ndi Mzimu Woyera. Amationa kwambiri achipembedzo a dongosolo la dziko ndiye kuti akusemphana ndi mfundo ubale dongosolo dziko la anthu Soviet, amene anali umalimbana wosangalala zinthu zofunika pamoyo zokha. The chiphiphiritso chachikulu lamadyerero: "Munthu aliyense - malinga ndi luso lake, aliyense - monga mwa ntchito yake", ndi chiphiphiritso chachikulu cha chikominisi: ". Munthu aliyense - malinga ndi luso lake, aliyense - malinga ndi zosowa zake" Pansi zofunika anatanthauza zofuna mwangwiro thupi, chifukwa kuli moyo anthu Union adakana, ngakhale lingaliro la kuphunzitsa munthu watsopano, kuti mwina anabwereka kwa iye.

Panopa ndife akadali kutali nthawi ya chiukitsiro ngakhale zosiyana - ogula mtima moyo, ndi kutalikirana Mulungu osandulika, koma ambiri akhala akukonza si kusintha kwambiri.