Nzeru za chipembedzo yakale masiku ano

Chipembedzo - ndi mbali yofunika ya moyo wauzimu wa anthu. Mwina aliyense amadziwa zimene chipembedzo ndi, kutanthauzira izo zikhoza kupangidwa motere: kukhulupirira mphamvu za Mulungu kapena zauzimu, mphamvu ya Providence. Man moyo popanda chipembedzo, ndithudi, kuzungulira dziko peresenti 4-5 okhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu. Komabe, worldview achipembedzo amapanga wokhulupirira munthu wa makhalidwe abwino kwambiri, chifukwa chipembedzo chinthu kuchepetsa umbanda masiku ano anthu ambiri. Komanso, anthu opembedza mwakhama kulimbikitsa moyo wathanzi, amathandiza mwambo wa banja, kudzudzula khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka, zonsezi kumathandiza kuti ntchito yokonza mwadongosolo.

Komabe, ngakhale kuphweka ankaoneka ngati funso la chipembedzo, zabwino akatswiri a sayansi kwa zaka anayesa kumvetsetsa chodabwitsa cha chikhulupiriro ineradicable anthu mwa mphamvu, amene ali wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa ifeyo, moti si munthu mmodzi sanali kuona. Choncho anatuluka mwa malo a nzeru anati nzeru ya chipembedzo. Limachita nkhani monga kuphunzira chodabwitsa cha chipembedzo, dziko la chipembedzo, n'zotheka kudziwa akamanena Mulungu, komanso ankafuna kutsimikizira kapena kutsutsa zoti kuli Mulungu.

Nzeru za chipembedzo chakhala kuphunzira ndi asayansi amenewa otchuka monga Kant, Hegel, Descartes, Aristotle, Foma Akvinsky, Feuerbach, Huxley, Nietzsche, Dewey, ndi ena ambiri. Nzeru za chipembedzo unachokera mu Greece wakale pa nthawi imene ulamuliro, funso waukulu anali momwe tichotse mavuto aliko ndi kukhala limodzi ndi Auzimu. Nthawi imeneyi, akutulukira kaonedwe epistemological Komabe, kudziwa anali kutanthauziridwa monga chinthu kuphunzira cholinga cha ozungulira dziko chuma, koma monga ndondomeko ya kulandira vumbulutso la Mulungu. Pang'onopang'ono, onse Greek sukulu nthanthi -platonovskaya, skinicheskaya, Aristotle, sketitsicheskaya ndi ena ambiri - ayamba kudutsa mfundo imeneyi zimenezi mpaka kuchepa kwa nthawi chikhalidwe cha Agiriki.

Mu Middle Ages, pamene m'magulu onse a anthu kwathunthu olamulidwa ndi mpingo, chipembedzo kumakhala njira yokhayo chidziwitso cha kukhala lamulo lokha - Malemba. Imodzi mwa zochita amphamvu a chipembedzo nthawi imeneyo anali patristics (kuphunzira "Abambo a Tchalitchi") ndi scholasticism kutetezera maziko a Chikhristu ndi bungwe la mpingo.

Ngati chilango osadalira pa nzeru za chipembedzo anabadwa mu nthawi ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano, pamene afilosofi adamfunsa mfundo zambiri zimene matchalitchi ndi kumbuyo yoyenera kuiganizira nokha pankhani za chipembedzo. Afilosofi yowala kwambiri nthawi - Spinoza (umodzi wa chilengedwe ndi Mulungu), Kant (Mulungu - zopanda chifukwa zothandiza zofunika zachipembedzo ziyenera kuchitidwa kokha chifukwa anthu amafuna anthu makhalidwe mkulu), amene ali ndi maganizo ikuchitikira ndi otsatira ake: Schleiermacher ndi Hegel. The nzeru za chipembedzo cha chitukuko bourgeois yodziwika ndi kuwonjezeka podzudzula chipembedzo, ndi kufuna kuti kulibe Mulungu, amene anaopseza kwambiri kuli nzeru za chipembedzo monga chilango kafukufuku.