Kuti ntchito monga muyezo zoona kumatanthauza?

Philosophy - sayansi chabe. Motero, mfundo "choonadi" makamaka osayanjanitsika.

The ambiguity choonadi

N'zosavuta kuona ngati mawu ndi zoona kuti shuga watha. Apa ndi shuga mbale, ndicho loka imene shuga amasungidwa. Ndiko chofunika - basi Pitani mukawone. Palibe ganizo m'modzi kwapatsidwa nanga shuga, ndi tinganene kuti ndi otetezeka zinthu moyenera alipo, ngati chipinda yoyendetsedwa magetsi ndi mipando aonekere. Nzeru za anthu, basi ayenera poyamba mwachindunji chomwe chiri Choonadi kuphatikizapo mchitidwe monga muyezo wa choonadi. Chifukwa N'kutheka kuti aliyense akumvetsa chinachake chosiyana pansi mawu awa chabe.

Choonadi za akatswiri osiyanasiyana kumatanthauza m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Izi cholinga maganizo chabe ndi kumvetsa mwachilengedwe wa axioms zazikulu, anatsimikizira ndi mfundo zomveka, ndi umboni mayeso phunziro kwa zomverera verifiable othandiza zinachitikira.

Njira choonadi kupezana

Koma kaya sukulu za anthu, palibe woganiza akhoza kupereka njira fufuzani mfundozo, osati kuwuka kenako zinachitikira imalandira. Khalani monga muyezo wa choonadi zikuphatikizapo, monga nthumwi ya masukulu osiyanasiyana a maganizo, osiyana kwambiri, nthawi zina matanthauzo ofananafanana njira:

• chibadwidwe kutsimikizira;
• organic yogwirizana ndi dongosolo ambiri zokhudza dziko;
• chitsimikiziro experimental;
• chilolezo cha anthu zikutsimikizira zotuluka pa mfundo ya.

Aliyense wa zinthu zimenezi amapereka njira imodzi mfundo mayeso kapena kungoti njira chodetsa iwo pa "woona / onyenga" malinga ndi muyezo wa anakonzeratu.

Sensualist ndi rationalists

Malinga sensationalists (oimira mmodzi wa mafunde nthanthi) Mchitidwe ngati muyeso wa choonadi zikuphatikizapo zinachitikira zochokera maganizo chipangizo cha dziko. Tikaonanso chitsanzo cha shuga, kufanizira angathe. Ngati maso akuona a saona chilichonse monga zinthu zimene akufuna ndipo manja ake anaganiza kuti shuga mbale ali kanthu, ndiye pali kwenikweni si shuga.

Rationalists kukhulupirira kuti ntchito monga muyezo wa choonadi zikuphatikizapo chilichonse koma maganizo imalandira. Iwo amakhulupirira, pachifukwa, kuti maganizo amapusitsa, ndipo amakonda kudalira mfundo umboni: kulingalira ndi masamu. Kutanthauza kuti pa shuga mbale ali kanthu, m'pofunika woyamba wa chikaiko onse. Kodi kumunyenga mphamvu? Mwadzidzidzi anali zideruderu? Kuyesa choonadi chidwi ndi, m'pofunika kuti atenge chiphaso ku sitolo kuona shuga inagulidwa ndi pamene. Ndiye kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala wakhala ankadya, ndi kubala ena kuwerengetsera yosavuta. Njira yokhayo yodziwira mmene shuga zatsala.

pofuna kukwaniritsa mfundo zimenezi zinachititsa kuti zikamera ndi maganizo Mgwirizano. Malinga ndi mbali ya chiphunzitso chimenechi, ntchitoyi ngati muyeso wa choonadi sikumangotanthauza afufuze anapezazo, koma kupenda ubale wa zenizeni. Iwo ayenera kutsatira dongosolo ambiri kudziwa za dziko, osati kulowa nkhondo ndi izo. Sikuti nthawi iliyonse kuwerenga zofalitsa za shuga kuti adzaone zimene sichili. Zikwanire kukhazikitsa malamulo maganizo. Ngati makilogalamu ndi mowa muyezo kumatenga sabata, ndipo imathamanga chinachake, ndiye, kupeza kanthu shuga mbale Loweruka, n'zotheka kudalira nzeru zawo ndi maganizo pa dongosolo la dziko.

Pragmatists ndi conventionalists

Pragmatists mukukhulupirira kudziwa kuti akhale makamaka polimbana iwo ayenera kukhala wabwino. Ngati kudziŵa ntchito, zikutanthauza woona. Ngati sachiza kapena sachiza bwino, kupereka chifukwa otsika-quality, zikutanthauza onyenga. Pakuti chizolowezi wanzeru monga muyezo zoona kumatanthauza, kani lathu la zotsatira zakuthupi. Kodi kusiyana kwake, kuti kuwerengetsera ndi kunena kumverera? Tiyi akhale okoma. Oona mfundo zomwe zingatipatse ndi chotsatira. Mpaka timazindikira kuti tilibe shuga, tiyi wokoma sadzatero. Chabwino, ndi nthawi yoti mupite ku sitolo.

Conventionalists kukhulupirira kuti ntchito monga muyezo wa choonadi makamaka kumafuna kuzindikira pagulu choonadi. Ngati aliyense amakhulupirira chinachake, ndiye momwe izo ziliri. Ngati aliyense m'nyumbamo kuti shuga n'komwe kupita ku sitolo. Ngati inu kumwa tiyi ndi mchere ndi amanena kuti ali wokoma, kotero iwo mchere ndi shuga zofanana. Motero, malizitsani shuga shaker.

Marxists

Nzeru zapamwamba, amene ananena kuti ntchito monga muyezo zoona kumatanthauza kafukufuku wa sayansi, anali Karl Marx. Olimbikira zakuthupi, adafunsira kutsimikizira kungoganizira aliyense experimentally, ndipo makamaka kangapo. Tikapitiliza ndi chitsanzo cha yaing'ono kanthu shuga mbale, kenako kuima Marxist ayenera kutembenuka kuyigwedeza, kenako kuchita chimodzimodzi ndi kathumba kanthu. Ndiye kuyesa zinthu zonse mu nyumba chokhala shuga. Iwo m'pofunika kufunsa kubwereza ndondomeko izi achibale kapena anansi ku mapeto anatsimikizira anthu ambiri kuti kupewa. Ndipotu, ngati mchitidwe monga muyezo zoona kumatanthauza kafukufuku wa sayansi, muyenera kuganizira zolakwa zotheka m'makhalidwe ake. Only kenako tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti shuga mbale ali kanthu.

Ndipo ngati pali choonadi?

Vuto mfundo zonsezi ndi kuti palibe mmodzi wa iwo sizitanthauza kuti anasonyeza njira ina linanena bungwe adzakwaniritsidwa. Zimene thupi nzeru zaumunthu, amene maziko makamaka chondichitikira ndi kuyang'anila tibwezere kuti kusakhulupirika ndi, mwachikulu anatsimikizira. Komanso, mu chimango awo Buku n'zosatheka cholinga chidziwitso. Chifukwa kuzindikira chilichonse imalandira akhoza kunyengedwa ndi maganizo amenewa. A munthu kuona zilubwelubwe, akhoza kulemba monograph za ziwanda, kutsimikizira wachina chilichonse kuzipenya zake ndi maganizo. Colorblind, polongosola phwetekere sanganame. Koma kodi choonadi cha mfundo anapereka kwa iwo? Kwa iye, inde, koma kwa ena? Iwo likukhalira kuti ngati mchitidwe monga muyezo zoona kumatanthauza modalira maganizo zotengera malingaliridwe a chochitika, choonadi kulibe, ndi mwa aliyense. Ndipo palibe zatsopano siinazikonze.

Njira zochokera maganizo mgwirizanowo chikhalidwe, ndi kwambiri zokayikitsa. Ngati choonadi - chinachake chimene anthu ambiri amaganiza ndi zoona, kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti dziko lapansi ndi lathyathyathya ndi kugona pa zinsomba kubwerera angapo zaka zikwi zapitazo? Kwa anthu a nthawi imeneyo, ndithudi, izo zinali zoona, mwinamwake iwo alibe kudziwa. Koma pamene dziko lapansi linali likadali chonse! Likukhalira panali mfundo ziwiri? Kapena palibe? bullfight imatchedwa nthawi choonadi zikuluzikulu nkhondo ya ng'ombe ndi bullfighter. Mwina izi ndi zoona zokha kuti ndi wosatsutsika. Mulimonsemo, chifukwa woluza lapansi.

Komabe, aliyense mfundo izi mu chinachake. Koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo ali konsekonse. Ndipo tiyenera kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana kutsimikizira mfundo, povomera amagonja ndi. Mwina mtheradi cholinga choonadi ndi chomvetsetseka. Koma zopindulitsa, tikhoza kulankhula kokha za mlingo wa moyandikana ndi izo.