Empiricism ndi rationalism nzeru za makono

Nyengo ya zaka za m'ma 17 amakhala ndi woyamba bourgeois kusintha England ndi Netherlands, komanso kusintha kwakukulu muzochitika zosiyanasiyana za moyo wa anthu: ndale, chuma, kukhala bwino chikhalidwe ndi chikumbumtima. Ndipo, ndithudi, izi zonse tiyenera kusonyeza maganizo a nzeru za anthu.

Empiricism ndi rationalism: prerequisites chitukuko

Chitukuko cha sayansi mu masiku ano anatsimikiza zotsimikizira kupanga kukula kwa malonda dziko, navigation ndiponso zochita nkhondo. Ndiye munthu abwino aona zamalonda anatengerapo mwayi amalonda ndi kufuna kudziwa wasayansi. MwaukadauloZida ku Ulaya, yesetsani mphamvu zachuma ndi zankhondo, anakhalabe sayansi: mapangidwe maphunziro sayansi, gulu, zibonga.

Choncho, sayansi ya masiku ano komanso, ndipo anayamba - kenako ajebura, analytic Masamu, maziko a yofunika ndi masiyanidwe kakyulasi, etc. kafukufuku onse amaphatikizidwa mu njira limodzi -. Experimental Masamu. Tonga atengera anali zimango kuti amaphunzira kayendedwe ka matupi ndipo ankaimba kwambiri methodological ofunika kwambiri anayambira, mfundo za m'ma 17.

nzeru amamangidwa m'nthaka chikhalidwe, osati mwa sayansi zachilengedwe, komanso ndi thandizo la worldview achipembedzo, boma mfundo. Asayansi Akutsatira ndi mphamvuzonse Mulungu, ndi "chifukwa dziko" komanso kuti "Apa woyamba". Ndipo chiŵerengero pakati chomwe ndi chuma, kusakhulupirira kwawo theism - si kusankha lolimba - "kaya, kapena ..." Afilosofi kugwirizana masomphenya chilengedwe cha dziko kukhalako kwa otchedwa umunthu transcendental. Choncho, mfundo "mfundo ziwiri" (zachilengedwe ndi Mulungu) masiku ano, naswa ndi kubwezera munthu anayamba kutsutsana kaya kuti ndi maziko a zoona zambiri - zinachitikira, kapena nzeru? Choncho, m'zaka za m'ma 17, ndi nzeru latsopano chifukwa cha mfundo za kufunika kwa kuphunzira komanso a dziko ndi amadzikayikira maganizo.

Empiricism ndi rationalism: tanthauzo siyana

Rationalism - ichi amenewa filosofe, ndi amene ankatanthauza kuti maziko komanso moyo, ndi nzeru - ndi maganizo.

Empiricism - izo amenewa filosofe, kutanthauza kuti chifukwa cha nzeru zonse ndiye zinachitikira. Othandiza gulu limeneli amakhulupirira kuti maganizo iribe ulamuliro, ndi mphamvu - yekha mu chidziwitso, angazindikire zinachitikira. Ife kusiyanitsa pakati pa empiricism n'zosatheka, kumene chochitika zikufotokozedwa monga ya malingaliro ndi zomverera, ndi chuma, kumene kunkachokera zinachitikira kwenikweni akutengedwa kunja dziko.

Empiricism ndi rationalism: akuluakulu oimira

oimira otchuka pakati rationalists anali: Plato, Socrates, Epicurus, Democritus, Kant, Descartes, Spinoza Baruki Leibniz. Wazotsatira worldview anathandiza Frensis Bekon, Dzhon Dyui, Thomas Hobbes, Dzhon Lokk.

Empiricism ndi rationalism mu nzeru za masiku ano: mavuto

Zovuta kwambiri kuti mfundo zonse nthanthi anali vuto la chikhalidwe ndi chiyambi cha zigawo sanali sensuous chikugwirabe - maganizo ndi mafotokozedwe chifukwa chakuti anafikapo wosatsutsika mu zikuchokera chidziwitso.

Kodi vutoli amalimbikitsa mfundo monga rationalism ndi empiricism? Woyamba anatembenukira kwa chiphunzitso cha zimene chibadidwe katundu wa chikumbu mtima chathu tili nacho. Ambiri mwa zinthu wake sanali sensuous pali, monga mwa maganizo awo, ndi kutuluka katundu wa maganizo a anthu. Zili ngati pali monga dziko wodziimira ndi akhoza kugwira ndi kukhala popanda kutchula dziko kunja. Choncho n'zotheka kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chabe ndi zinthu chikuoneka - amatha kuchotsa ndi ndondomeko ntchito mfundo yekha mfundo zonse ndi chidziwitso cha dziko kunja.

Kuganiza chiphunzitso wazotsatira umasemphana kotheratu rationalism. Choncho, pali chidziwitso cha phunziro, magwero ake - ndi kutengeka, ndi chifukwa - processing zipangizo zomwe kupulumutsa mphamvu. Chifukwa, monga empiricism, ndithudi, ndi kulowerera zomverera processing, koma chidziwitso si kuwonjezera chilichonse chatsopano.