Ndi muyeso wa choonadi nzeru za chiyani?

I choonadi - njira imeneyi, imene chidziwitso, imodzimodzi ndi nkhani yake, akhoza kuwasiyanitsa zabodza. Anzeruwo nthawi zakale nafuna kukhala chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso, amene adzakhala chosiyana oona mtheradi, osati chifukwa mikangano ndi Sudzatitsogolera ndi kumasulira zonama kusanthula chinthu pansi kuphunzira. Masikolala wakale Parmenides, Plato, Mnazareti Dekart, ndipo kenako akale wazamulungu Augustine anayamba chiphunzitso cha kufunsira titadziwa woona ndi mfundo. Ponena za nzeru, anali kufunafuna zizindikiro kudziwa Kudziwa ndi zolondola Kupenda katundu, khalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha nkhani. Choncho, i choonadi ndi muyezo umene kudziwa cholinga choonadi cha cognition.

ntchito ya kumapeto

Akatswiri wakale mukupemphedwa kuti aletse kulondola kafukufuku kuchita, popeza njira zimenezi Tingaone mobisika ndi ganizo zotengera malingaliridwe ndi zimene zimayambitsa zachilengedwe zosagwirizana ndi mayeso chinthu. i amenewa choonadi kudziwa zaka zambiri, anatsimikizira kuti anthu mwachangu ndiponso purposefully ntchito pa zenizeni cholinga, imodzi kuliphunzira. Pa mwambo wa umunthu kapena gulu amalenga chikhalidwe kapena "khalidwe", ntchito ngati njira a chidziwitso, monga kafukufuku wa sayansi, ndi kupanga zinthu, luso ndi zinthu zosangalatsa.

zinachitikira mwini ndi gwero la chidziwitso kwa munthu ndi wake chikuchititsa zonsezi, chifukwa kuyamika muyezo uwu sungakhoze amaulula vuto, komanso kupeza mfundo zatsopano ndi katundu wa chinthu kuphunzira kapena chodabwitsa. Komabe, kuyezetsa chidziwitso kumapeto si kamodzi kuchita, ndipo malinga ndi nthawi yambiri ndondomeko. Choncho, kudziwa choonadi mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito muyezo ena a choonadi, umene yothandizana zoona mudziwe analandira m'kati cognition.

i kunja

Kuwonjezera kumapeto, chimene zolemba za nzeru ena a XIX m'ma ankatchedwa "dialectical chuma", kudziwa zoona chidziwitso analandira asayansi akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina. Izi "kunja" muyezo wa choonadi, monga kudzikonda kugwirizana ndi phindu, koma mfundo izi anamasulira ambiguously. Choncho, nzeru ochiritsira sangatengedwe kukhala zoona, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zooneka ndi tsankho, ndipo susonyeza zenizeni cholinga chathunthu. Childs, choonadi woyamba ali munthu mmodzi kapena bwalo yochepa ya anthu, ndi pamenepo pokha kumakhaladi chuma ambiri.

Kudziona malamulowo komanso si zoopsa chinthu, chifukwa ngati dongosolo wamba kudziwa agwirizane atulukira zina za sayansi, si zosemphana ndi zoikamo muyezo, zilibe kutsimikizira zotuluka pa chiweruzo latsopano. Komabe, njira imeneyi amakhala ndi pakati zomveka, chifukwa dziko amakuona ngati wonse, ndi nzeru za nkhani inayake kapena chodabwitsa ayenera kukhala chogwirizana ndi kale anakhazikitsa maziko sayansi. Choncho mapeto mungapeze choonadi, kuti awulule chikhalidwe chake zokhudza zonse ndipo akusonyeza kugwirizana mkati poyerekezera ambiri amavomereza chidziwitso.

malingaliro akatswiri

Kudziwa zoona chiweruzo ndi akuti chinthu kukhala kusanthula masukulu osiyanasiyana ntchito njira zawo. Choncho, i choonadi nzeru zobwezedwa ndi adzawombana ndi mzake. Mwachitsanzo, Descartes ndi Leibniz anakhulupirira akuoneka kudziwa koyamba ndipo anati iwo akhoza kuphunzira mothandizidwa ndi yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale aluntha. Kant ntchito yekha ofunda-zomveka muyezo malinga ndi zomwe chidziwitso chofunika mwandondomeko ndi malamulo chilengedwe chifukwa ndi kumvetsa.