Ana Mayakovsky, adzawonongedwa

Vladimir Mayakovsky, wotchuka osati kwa ndakatulo talente yake waluntha, komanso wachikoka amphamvu kwambiri amene kamodzi anathyola mitima ambiri aakazi. A zambiri mabuku chibwenzi ndi masewera onse unakhudzadi awo m'mavesi a ndakatulo iyi, ndipo anabereka amuna enieni. Ana Mayakovsky - izi ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zazikulu ofufuza yonena za ndakatulo iyi. wolowa a lalikulu namatetule Futurist ndi ndani? Kodi ana ambiri Mayakovsky, momwe mapeto ao?

moyo wa ndakatulo iyi

Vladimir Mayakovsky anali wokongola kwambiri, ochenjera ndi munthu wokongola. Pamaso kuboola wake, kumenya mu mtima wa maso sakanakhoza kukana pafupifupi mayi aliyense. Choncho nthawi zonse atazunguliridwa ndi khamu la mafani ndipo mosavuta iye analumphira m'nyanja ya chikondi ndi chilakolako. Amadziwika umaona, ofunda ndi chikondi anamangiriridwa ndi Lily Brik, koma si mwa changu chake kwa akazi ena. Choncho, chikondi ndi Elizavetoy Lavinskoy ndi Elizavetoy Zibert (Elli Dzhons) akhala kwakukulukulu fateful kwa ndakatulo iyi, nthawi zonse zimakhala kagawo kakang'ono yokumbukira wake komanso zotsatira.

funso cholowa

Ana Mayakovsky, zotsatira zawo - funso ili wauka makamaka zikuchepa pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo a. Kumene, ndakatulo, Maulendo a m'nthawi, zolemba, makalata, zolemba zopelekedwa ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa mbiri ya mabuku Russian, koma funso zofunika kwambiri kwa ana ndi cholowa.

Anapitiriza moyo kukumbukira ndi mbiri ya futurist wanzeru amene ana Mayakovsky, waphimbika mu zinsinsi, zokaikira ndi zolakwika. Lilia Brik kukhala na ana. Komabe, ofufuza ndi 99% ndi chidaliro kuti olandira cholowa cha ndakatulo osachepera awiri. Ndipo iwo anadza ku akazi awiri osiyana mu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. mwana Gleb-Nikita Lavinsky ndi mwana Patricia Thompson.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi zokhudza anali sichinaululidwe, ndi tsatanetsatane wa nkhani zawo zokha anthu pafupi ankadziwa kubadwa. Tsopano ana a Mayakovsky (zithunzi ndi zikalata iwo zasungidwa mu yachokera owonetsera zakale) - ndi mawu a choona.

mwana

Ngakhale kugwira ntchito "Windows wa Growth" (1920) Vladimir Mayakovsky anakumana ndi wojambula Lily (Elizabeth) Lavinskaya. Ndipo ngakhale nthawi imene kunali dona wokwatiwa, kuti sanaletse ake kusangalala wokongola ndi wachikoka ndakatulo. The zipatso ubale awa anali mwana wawo amene analandira dzina awiri Gleb-Nikita. Iye anabadwa August 21, 1921 ndipo zinalembedwa zikalata pansi pa dzina Antona Lavinskogo, mwamuna boma mayi. The mnyamata Gleb, Nikita wakhala yemwe bambo ake kwachilengedwenso. Komanso, ngakhale kupanda chidwi bambo (ana Vladimira Mayakovskogo sanatenge, iye ankaopa ngakhale iwo), anakonda kwambiri wolemba ndakatulo, ndi kuyambira ndili wamng'ono ankawerenga ndakatulo wake.

moyo

Nikita moyo Hleb anali wovuta. makolo a mwanayo ali moyo mpaka zaka zitatu anakulira amasiye. Pakuti maganizo chikhalidwe ichi chinali malo abwino kulera ana ndi kuwaphunzitsa timu. Za atate wake Gleb Nikita anasunga kukumbukira pang'ono. Patapita iye angandiuze mwana wake wamng'ono Elizabeth pa wina wa msonkhano, pamene Mayakovsky anatenga pa mapewa ake, anapita khonde ndi kuwerenga iye ndakatulo wake.

mwana Mayakovsky anali kukoma chabwino luso khutu mtheradi nyimbo. Mu zaka 20 Gleb, Nikita ankatchedwa kutsogolo. onse Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, iye anali msilikali wamba. Kenako anakwatira kwa nthawi yoyamba.

Pambuyo kuwina mu 1945 mwana wa Mayakovsky analowa Institute Surikov nakhala ziboliboli odziwika. The kwambiri ndi wolemekezeka ntchito yake - chipilala Ivanu Susaninu mu Kostroma (1967).

Gleb-Nikita Lavinskii anafa June 14, 1986.

Kufanana ndi bambo ake

Mu 1965, pa msonkhano wa ziboliboli Gleb-Nikita Lavinsky anapita zolembalemba E. Guskov. Anagundidwa ndi kufanana kwake kwa munthu ndi Vladimir Mayakovsky wakuya wake, otsika mawu, mayendedwe pobwereza ndakatulo monga anachitira ndakatulo yekha.

Mwana omwe sanali mbadwa bambo Anton Lavinsky wakhala chikumbutso moyo wa amakopeka ndi kuperekedwa kwa mkazi wake. Mwina Choncho, bambo ndi stepson ubwenzi anali wokongola ozizira. Koma ubwenzi ndi Mayakovsky anali M'malo mwake, ndi n'zosadabwitsa ofunda ndi amphamvu. Banja yachokera anapitiriza zithunzi zambiri umboni izi.

The wocheperapo American

Cha m'ma 1920s mu ubale Mayakovsky ndi Liliey Brik panali kusintha, ndipo ndithu mmene nkhani zandale ku Russia pa nthawi yovuta kwa ndakatulo chosintha. Ichi chinali chifukwa ulendo wake ku United States, pamene iye anabwera kwambiri, Pocheza ndi mnzanu Davida Burlyuka. Ndipo anapeza Russian emigrant Elli Dzhons (weniweni dzina - Elizabeth Siebert). Wakhala bwenzi odalirika, bwenzi wokongola komanso womasulira iye m'dziko lachilendo.

buku limeneli anakhala yofunika kwambiri kwa wolemba ndakatulo iyi. Iye yaikulu ndikufuna kukwatira, kulenga bata banja gombe. Komabe, chikondi akale (Lily Brik) sanamulole, zikhumbo zonse mofulumira utakhazikika. A June 15, 1926 Elli Dzhons anabereka mwana wamkazi wolemba ndakatulo wa - Patricia Thompson.

Pobadwa, mtsikana anapatsidwa dzina Helen Patrisiya Dzhons. Labambo tinatengera kwa mwamuna wake emigrant mayi wa George Jones. Kunali koyenera kuti mwana tinganene kuti yovomerezeka ndi kukhala mu United States. Komanso, chinsinsi cha kubadwa opulumutsidwa mtsikanayo. ana zotheka Mayakovsky akanatha kupeza pansi pa kuzunzidwa kwa NKVD ambiri Lily Brik.

tsoka

About amene ndi bambo weniweni, Helen, Patricia anaphunzira zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Koma zimenezi wakhala chinsinsi banja ndipo siinali lopezeka ku gulu kwa nthawi yaitali. Mtsikanayo anatengera talente kulenga bambo ake. Nditakwanitsa zaka 15, analembetsa ku College of Art, kenako muli ndi mkonzi ntchito mu magazini "Macmillan". Apo iye akupanga ndemanga mafilimu ndi nyimbo, Sinthani, Chizungu, yopeka, ofufuza nkhani. Kuwonjezera ntchito yofalitsa, Helen, Patricia ntchito monga mphunzitsi, analemba bukhu.

Mu 1954, mwana wamkazi Mayakovsky a m'banja ndi American Wayne Thompson, n'kumusintha dzina lake lomaliza kusiya gawo lachiwiri la dzina awiri - Patricia. zaka 20 pambuyo pake, banjalo litatha.

Patricia Thompson (kapena Elena Vladimirovna Mayakovskaya) anafa April 1, 2016.

Kukomana ndi kukambirana ndi bambo

Pamene Patricia zaka zitatu, iye ndi nthawi yoyamba ndipo ankakumana bambo anga. Uthenga wa kubadwa kwa mwana wake wamkazi anakondweretsa kwambiri Mayakovsky, koma iye sakanakhoza kulowa ndi chitupa cha visa chikapezeka kuti United States. Koma pa ulendo chilolezo anakwanitsa kufika ku France. Kumeneko, mu Nice, anagona pamodzi ndi mwana wake Elli Dzhons. Patricia anamutcha Volodya Iye anapitiriza kunena, "Mwana" ndi "ang'ono Alley". Sankadziwa ndani kutsogolo kwa iye, msungwanayo anapitirizabe kukumbukira ofunda ndi wokonda msonkhano uno.

adzukulu

Ana Mayakovsky, zotsatira zawo - ndi mutu osiyana mu mbiri ya namatetule ndakatulo. Tsopano iwo ali, mwatsoka, salinso moyo. Koma kukumbukira mzere anapitiriza ndi adzukulu.

Imathamanga kuonetsetsa kuti mwana wa Mayakovsky - Gleb, Nikita - wakwatiwa katatu. Ku ukwati anali ndi ana anayi (ana awiri ndi ana aakazi awiri). Mwana woyamba ndi dzina lake polemekeza bambo wolemba ndakatulo wa, Vladimir, ndi mwana wamng'ono - ulemu wa mayi - Elizabeth. Ana Mayakovsky anapita ku mapazi a kholo ndipo anakhala analemekeza ndiAmene (Osema, amisiri, aphunzitsi). Information za zotsatira zawo anapereka m'malo zochepa ndi wopereŵera. Koma tikudziwa kuti mkuluyo mdzukulu wa Dzina ndakatulo (Vladimir) anamwalira m'chaka cha 1996, ndi mdzukulu atagwira luso ogwirira ana. Rhode Mayakovsky kupitiriza zidzukulu zisanu Gleb-Nikita (Ilya, Elizabeth, Michael, Alexander ndi Anastasia). Ilya Lavinskii munthu wamanga, Elizabeth - chithunzicho wa zisudzo ndi mafilimu a kanema.

About Patricia Thompson Information kwa anthu Russian pamaso 1990 izo zinali kutsekedwa. Komabe, umboni zimakhalira ndi ndakatulo wotchuka anaonekera funso wololera chobereka chokha. wamkazi ana Mayakovsky chiyani? Mwamwayi, Patricia Thompson ndi mwana wa Roger, iye amagwira ntchito loya, ndi wokwatira, koma ana awo saloledwa.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• Mayakovsky mwana analandira dzina awiri chifukwa kusiyana makolo kusankha dzina la mnyamata. Mbali yoyamba - Gleb - adalandira kwa bambo ake, gawo lachiwiri - Nikita - kuchokera kwa amake. Mayakovsky yekha angamulerere mwana wake sanatenge gawo, ngakhale iye anali pafupipafupi mlendo m'banja zaka zingapo zoyambirira.
• Mu 2013, pa Channel wina anali filimu "Wosamvetseka" anadzipereka ku chikumbutso 120 ya kubadwa a ndakatulo iyi. Maziko a zopelekedwa filimu zochokera mbiri amapha chikondi Mayakovsky ndi Lily Brik, zifukwa zotheka wadzipha ndakatulo, anali anakhudzanso ndi phunziro lathu wosatha - ana Mayakovsky (mwachidule). Zinali filimu imeneyi kwa nthawi yoyamba poyera ndi demonstratively ananena olandira a ndakatulo iyi.
• Futurist ndakatulo wakhala pa chidwi wamkazi. Ngakhale chikondi yotopetsa kwa Lili Brik, iye akutchedwa kwambiri wa mabuku. Ndipo zimene zinachitika, nthawi zambiri mbiri ndi chete. Komabe, Gleb-Nikita Lavinskii kamodzi munanena kuti Mayakovsky ali mwana wina, yemwe amakhala ku Mexico. Koma zimenezi sanalandire zopelekedwa wake kapena umboni wina uliwonse.
• Patricia Thompson analemba moyo wake wa 15 mabuku. A angapo a iwo anadzipereka kwa bambo ake. Kotero, bukhu "Mayakovsky ku Manhattan nkhani yachikondi" limatiuza za makolo ake ndipo ubwenzi wawo chabe koma wosakhwima. Patricia ndi chiyambi cha autobiography wake "Mwanawe," koma analibe nthawi kuti adzatsirize.
• Kale mu ukalamba, Patricia Bambo Archive (St. Petersburg laibulale). Patsamba limodzi anapeza zojambula za ana ake (maluwa ndi masamba), amene anasiya pa msonkhano wawo woyamba ndi kokha.
• Pa pempho la kwambiri Elli Dzhons mwana wa thupi mayi wake unachita kutenthedwa pambuyo pa imfa yake ndipo m'manda a Vladimir Mayakovsky mu Novodevichy manda.
• Mdzukulu wa ndakatulo - Elizabeth Lavinskaya - analemba buku la "Mwana wa Mayakovsky." Bukuli, kukumbukira bambo ake, mwana wa ndakatulo wotchuka, ubwenzi wake ndi mavuto ndi bambo ake ndi chikondi chosadzikonda kwa atate wake, amene analibe nthawi kuphunzira bwino. Pambuyo Gleb, Nikita zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zokha, pamene panali Mayakovsky.
• Mayakovsky anali ndi pakati mwa chikondi chake atsopano - Veronica Polonskaya. Koma iye anali wokwatira ndipo sanafune kusiya ubwenzi kotero mwadzidzidzi conjugal chifukwa cha heartthrob wolemba ndakatulo wa. Choncho Polonskaya anachotsa mimba.

PS

Ana anali Mayakovsky? Tsopano amadziwika kuti, inde. Ndipo ngakhale sanali mwalamulo m'banja, tsopano kuti malamulo onse ndi zoopsa chizunzo anakweza, tidziwa kuti panali osachepera awiri m'malo lalikulu chosintha ndakatulo. Komanso, ana ake moyo lero, kupita ndi njira yake yolenga. Ndipo kukumbukira zodabwitsazi zolembalemba, Mayakovsky, ana, zidzukulu ndi adzukulu kwambiri adzasenza poyera ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri.