"Plato ndi mnzanga, koma choonadi ndi mokondera": chiyambi ndi tanthauzo la mawu akuti

kangati, kugwa mchikakamizo cha munthu wina maganizo ndi malingaliro, ife kugwadira ulamuliro wina. Nthawi zina zimachitika, mosiyana bwino. Mwachitsanzo, makolo mbatinyerezera iwo amadziwa zinthu kwambiri mwana wawo. Ndani abwenzi, zimene masewera kusankha kuzindikira okha ukachenjede. Ndipo ngakhale moyo wa mwana wawo ayenera kumangidwa mkulu wa akulu. Ndipo kwenikweni ndi nthawi yoyenera, amene anatipatsa moyo? Ndipo tingaphunzile msinkhu wake ndi zinachitikira yachilendo choonadi chapamwamba?

otchuka akuti

Pakuti Zikatero, zoyenerera akuti, kale anakhala mapiko. Izo zikumveka ngati izi: "Plato ndi mnzanga, koma choonadi ndi wokwera mtengo." Ngati aphorisms kwambiri, ameneyo ali gwero choyambirira kwambiri. Kumapeto kwa XVI - oyambirira XVII m'ma munkakhala chotero wotchuka wolemba - Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. Aliyense akudziwa izo oseketsa ndi yabwino ngwazi za - Don Quixote de A La Mancha ku Spain. Mu gawo lachiwiri la buku, mu Chapter 51, timakumana bwino: "Plato ndi mnzanga, koma choonadi ndi wokwera mtengo." Kotero kuti pamene chinenero wathu sudadza kwa mawuwa! "Amicus Plato, sed ma- GIS Amica veritas" - pa Russian aphorism galamafoniyo ku Latin. N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kukumbukira chiyani za izo? Monga Cervantes bwino mawu ambirimbiri yotakata owerenga. Koma iye yekha abwerezedwa Spanish kuti asanabadwe iye anati akale.

Patrimony ...

Tsopano, maganizo kudya kutsogolo kwa makina nthawi zambiri patapita nthawi. IV m'ma BC, Ancient Greece, Velikiy Platon, sukulu yake ya nzeru ndi ntchito, amene lero simunataye kufunika awo ndi chidwi. Mu mmodzi wa iwo - ntchito "Phaedo" - Plato anagwiranso Socrates, yemwe anali wophunzira wake, komwe kuloŵedwa wake wanzeru limalangiza zochepa kuyang'ana pa yekha, kuteteza mfundo yake ya view. Choonadi ndi ulamuliro kwambiri, Socrates kukangana. Ndipo mlembi "Phaedo" kwathunthu kugwirizana. Choncho: "Plato ndi mnzanga, koma choonadi ndi wokwera mtengo." Onani kuti nzeru zapamwamba limathandiza kolowera yeniyeni: apite ku mapeto, ngati inu mukukhulupiriradi Mwa ufulu wawo, ndipo mulibe kuganizila ngati imeneyi mogwirizana ndi maganizo mphunzitsi wawo.

Kuyambira Plato ndi Aristotle

The wakale Greek nthanthi ganizo yatulusa geniuses ambiri. N'kosatheka kukumbukira chimodzi chochititsa chidwi kwambiri nthumwi zake - Aristotle. Izinso, IV m'ma BC, yochepa nthawi. Iye analemba kwambiri yoopsa ntchito "Nicomachean Ethics". Mu izo, Aristotle, kupitiriza ganizo aphunzitsi awo (Socrates komanso Plato onse mofanana), analemba kuti, ziribe kanthu momwe mtengo anzake, ngati inu kusankha pakati pa iwo ndi choonadi, zokonda ayenera kuperekedwa chowona chonse. Pano pali kale mu ndemanga iyi! Koma si mapeto, monga olemba ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti gwero choyambirira cha zonse "tchizi-boron" - Socrates, kuti dzina lake amatchulidwa aphorism lapansi. Koma, monga ife anakhazikitsa, zingakhale zolondola kunena kotero, "Plato ndi mnzanga, koma choonadi ndi zodula!"

nyengo zina

Choncho, tili ndi Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za zomveka ndi chododometsa chikhalidwe. wolemba wayamba mu axiom kuwala, mosiyana wake. Mu "okwana okhutira" kwambiri mawu amenewa akuchokera pambuyo pake wasenza. Mwachitsanzo, Martin Luther, kuzika achipembedzo komanso cha nzeru za postulates wake, anati pafupi zofanana chilengedwe chilinganizo, pafupi kwambiri miyambo: "Plato ndi mnzanga, koma choonadi ndi mokondera", monga osanenapo ndi Socrates ndi kudya volitional kuyesetsa "ayenera adalipo." Mtengo wa iwo, kumene, n'zomveka: mkangano uliwonse monga arbitrator ndi tichita zinthu molondola, kulingalira Kudziwa. Kapena choonadi. Kuti iye ayenera kulankhula za mtengo mtheradi ndipo ndi maudindo kwa maganizo onse zotengera malingaliridwe.

Tiyeni tikambirane zitsanzo

Nthawi zina Koma zoyenera mawu amenewa? Mumakhala mu zonse, pamene kusankha kwambiri mfundo imene Mwachitsanzo, amadalira tsoka la anthu anatulukira sayansi, kuthetsa nkhani malamulo ndi zina zotero. D. Kapena ngakhale pa ubwenzi. Mu buku la Dudintsev "miinjiro yoyera" takambirana zokhudza nthambi yatsopano ya zamoyo - chibadwa. Mwina mungafunse kuti, kodi izi zonse kudakali aphorism yemweyo: "? Plato ndi mnzanga, koma choonadi ndi zodula" Kutanthauza mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi mkangano, anafotokoza ntchito: ena asayansi kupita pa za akuluakulu a boma kugwirizana m'zonse ndi "Anthu Academician» Townhouse (Lysenko zinachitika). Chifukwa cha phindu ndi ukulu, "erasure" osati anzake luso, koma moona mtima ndi falsifies kuthira bodza mwapang'onopang'ono malingaliro sayansi.

Ena sali owopa kuti poyera amenyane reactionaries awa ndi timeservers ndi kuteteza choonadi ngakhale mavuto amene amakumana nawo. Iwo Dozhkin, Tsvyah, Strigalov, Heifetz. Yotsirizira Mwachitsanzo, ndi wodabwa ndi chikhalidwe cha kuuma zobisika ndi chidzudzulo mu timu, ngakhale kuti pali zambiri anzake pakati asayansi ntchito kumeneko, wokonzeka kusiya makoma a anayambitsa, komwe anakagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. "Plato ndi mnzanga, koma choonadi ndi mokondera" - tanthauzo la mawu amenewa, iye akutsimikizira ntchito yake. Ndipo osati kokha kuti ilo! Ine dozhkin kamodzi akulemekezedwa Ryadno woona akatswiri munthu wanzeru kwambiri ndi luso, ndi zamoyo ndi likulu kalata. Kuphunzira kuti Academician amagwa kudzipangira ndi atulukira ena, ndi olemba awo amazunza ndi kupondereza alinso anakwiya ndipo amakhala choonadi.

"Plato ndi mnzanga, koma choonadi ndi zodula" - izo zikutanthauza mawu ichi? Kwambiri; Dozhkin kubweretsa kugamula mlandu wa anagonjetsa zigawenga zasayansi. Iye anaika moyo wake, kudutsa mfundo zothandiza Western Akhristu, makamaka anafika kwa cha Union. Ndiyeno, kwa zaka zambiri, kufikira imfa ya Stalin ndi konzanso anzake, zina mwa izo ndi akufa kapena mu msasa wandende, kukhala pafupi mwa chinsinsi. Apa pali chimene wadzaoneni komanso nsembe anthu ali ofunitsitsa kutenga olemekezeka choonadi!

chitsanzo chabwino amatipatsa mabuku!