Wafilosofi Pol Riker: yonena ndi chidwi mfundo

Philosophy - mawonekedwe a chidziwitso cha dziko, ndi aliyense zawo. Pali anthu amene ali kuyesera kubweretsa nzeru ena mwa malankhulidwe ndipo zolemba, ndipo m'nkhani ino kupita Nkhani ya moyo wa nzeru zapamwamba a.

The nzeru ena a zaka mazana makumi awiri

Philosophy ngati mbiri ndi mabuku, ndi conventionally kugawidwa kwa zaka zambiri, koma anthu ambiri anzeru adakali m'nthawi yathu (Plato, Kant kapena Descartes). Koma nthawi yanji chilili, pali chitukuko m'madera ambiri, ndipo anthu atengere pansi kusintha. Choncho, pali mumaganiza latsopano zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo nzeru (phenomenology, Wachiwiri-Marxism, structuralism, Wachiwiri-positivism, etc.), motero, pali anthu ena omwe mukufuna kuonetsa akamanena za malo - Theodor Adorno, Mishel Fuko, Pol Riker, Bertrand Russell, ndi ena. Taonani moyo ndi ntchito ya aliyense wa iwo.

Pol Riker: yonena

Mu 1913, Valencia anabadwa pa February 27 imodzi, anthu otchuka m'ma 20. dzina lake Pol Riker. Iye anali amasiye oyambirira, mayi ake anamwalira patapita nthawi yochepa kubadwa kwake, ndipo bambo ake, omwe anali mphunzitsi English, anamwalira ali kutsogolo pa First World nkhondo. Aphunzitsi ake akhala agogo (makolo bambo) amene anali Achiprotestanti ndi a ochepa achipembedzo kwambiri kutchulidwa Catholic France ndi anakhudza anthu Paulo pang'ono.

maphunziro a kupulayimale Riker analandira mwa kuphunzira Baibulo ndi kuyenda kwa mapemphero awo. Kenako Paulo anatha kulembetsa mu University of Rennes, kenako analowa University ya Sorbonne, ndipo pambuyo maphunziro anayamba kuphunzitsa nzeru pa Lyceum.

Pamene Wachiwiri World nkhondo, Paulo anali msilikali wa gulu lankhondo French, ndipo posakhalitsa linalandidwa, koma anali kupitiriza ntchito yake ndi kuyamba kumasulira Maganizo Husserl a (German nzeru zapamwamba, amene anayambitsa sukulu phenomenological).

Nkhondo itatha, Pol Riker anali kubwerera kwa chiphunzitso, poyamba anali University of Strasbourg, ndipo kenako Sorbonne, ndiyeno University of Nanterre. Mu 1971 iye anakhala katswiri pa University of Chicago, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anaphunzitsa pa University Yale.

Pol Riker anafa 92 chaka moyo wake kunyumba kwake ku France, izo zinachitika mu 2005, pamene iye anagona ndi konse ndinadzuka.

nzeru lenileni la moyo

A nzeru zapamwamba wotchuka kwa zaka za m'ma 20 anali Pol Riker. moyo anayamba pamene anali ndi zaka 22 zokha, koma mkazi wake anakumana mwana, ndipo iwo ndi zaka zambiri anali abwenzi okha. Simon Kunama anaberekera mwamuna wake ndi ana asanu: ana anayi ndi mwana wamkazi mmodzi. Iwo akhalira limodzi kwa zaka zambiri, kulera ana kenako adzukulu. Mwatsoka, mwana wina m'ma 80s wadzipha, ena akali moyo. mkazi Ricker anamwalira patangotsala imfa ya nzeru zapamwamba wa.

nthanthi malangizo

и последователь феноменологии, которая появилась в Германии в начале 1910–х годов. Pol Riker - nzeru zapamwamba ntawiri wa phenomenology, amene anaonekera mu Germany kumayambiriro 1910s. The vuto lalikulu amene anaima m'dera lino, ndi nzeru za anthu monga maziko ndi kumanga moyo wake. Kodi kulenga maziko imene kum'manganso, ngati kuti amachita njira mankhwala ubongo, kotero izo zinali vuto lalikulu. The tehiz waukulu, umene anakonza ndi a nzeru zapamwamba, ndi nzeru - zodabwitsazi (zochitika) mu malingaliro a munthu.

Pol Riker patsogolo anayamba lingaliro la m'madera monga hermeneutics, zomwe ndi kupitiriza phenomenology, koma kudzera chinenero. The nkhani yolembedwa lalikulu linali anakonza motere: kumasulira dziko akhoza kutanthauziridwa monga malemba ndi zitsanzo zina.

(т.е. для понимания замысла литературного произведения, необходимо знать и понимать предложения, из которых состоит текст), так же должно происходить и в жизни: найти причину, почему произошло то или иное событие, докопаться до сути, разбирая его на части и т.д. Mwachitsanzo, mu hermeneutics icho chinali chinthu monga bwalo hermeneutic - kwa nzeru ndi kutanthauzira kwa ena zochitika ndi zochitika, m'pofunika kudziwa mbali munthu (ie kumvetsa pakati ntchito zolembalemba, m'pofunika kudziwa ndi kumvetsa maganizo amene amapanga lemba) , monga chiyenera mu moyo: kupeza chifukwa chake chinachake chinachitika kapena chochitika, kufika pansi, kuswa nyema, etc.

mbali iyi ndi njira zake kafukufuku ntchito chiphunzitso chikhalidwe mabuku ndipo aesthetics.

Riker ankakhulupirira kuti phenomenology ndi hermeneutics ali inextricably zogwirizana, malangizo woyamba ikufotokoza amaonera zenizeni, ndipo chachiwiri - kutanthauzira malemba. Ie timazindikira dziko m'njira inayake, ndiyeno kumasulira maganizo anu, kukonza dziko lawo. Malemba - ndi onse otizungulira, kukumbukira, chinenero, mawu, chikhulupiriro, mbiri. Onse chochitika ichi anthu komanso kumvetsa zinthu.

Pol Riker: Chidwi Mfundo

Riker anali ndi moyo wautali, popeza wabadwa mu zaka za m'ma 20, anapulumuka ziwiri zapadziko lonse, ndipo ali mu ukapolo, anafa pa '92 m'zaka 21. Iye anawona kwambiri ndipo ambiri adawazindikira nthawizonse ndayesera kuti akapereke maganizo awo kuti anthuwo, naphunzitsa pa yunivesite komanso kuchita kulengedwa mabuku nzeru. Pali zina zosangalatsa zosonyeza kuti moyo wake unali mosalekeza.

Pamene Pol Riker anali mkaidi, iye anapitiriza ntchito ndipo anayamba kusandulika kwa Husserl. msasa ali wolemera moyo aluntha - nkhani semina inachitika, ndipo kenako malo uyu anakhala bungwe maphunziro.

Mu 1969, pa University of Nantar anaikidwa mphunzitsi ndipo anagwira ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri. Koma kamodzi nditsatire moto awiri: andale ndi ogwira, iye anavomera ya University of Chicago napita ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 20.

Patapita chaka 91 zakubadwa, anapambana mphoto chifukwa cha kulephera zaumunthu lapansi.

Ricker anali munthu woyenera kwambiri ndipo walemba ntchito zambiri za chodabwitsa cha moyo wa munthu, ndi chivundikiro malo osiyana kwambiri: chinenero, zizindikiro, zizindikiro, maganizo, chipembedzo, mabuku ndi mbiri, zabwino ndi zoipa.

Mphotho Paulo Ricoeur

Mu 2000, Riker anali kupereka wa Kyoto Prize, umene linapereka zaka 4 mbali zitatu - sayansi achikhazikitso, nzeru ndi zipangizo zatsopano.

Mu 2004, iye anapambana Kluge kwa ntchito yake zaumunthu lapansi. mphoto Izi anthu ambiri amaona ngati lofanana ndi Nobel Prize.

Ntchito yaikulu ya nzeru zapamwamba za

Zoposa 10 ntchito ndi akatswiri a nzeru za panyengo zosiyanasiyana za moyo wake. Ena anamasulidwa zaka zoposa 50 zapitazo, ena - mu ukalamba. Koma pamaso anaona dziko, anagwira ntchito mokwanira zipangizo kusonkhana, chifukwa mukatero izo zikhoza kukhala mwanjira imeneyo Pol Riker. Photos Tingaone pa intaneti poyera mizereyi m'nkhani ino, koma timudziwe bwino mabuku a bwino, ananyamula buku m'manja anu, chifukwa kumvetsa tanthauzo la cikole lapansi.

The ntchito woyamba analengedwa mu 1947 ndipo amatchedwa "Gabriel Marcel ndi Karl Jaspers," ndipo achedwa, anawamasulira mu 2004, unali "njira ya kuzindikira."

Mu 1960, Riker ntchito pa ziwiri buku "The nzeru za chifuniro cha" nthawi imeneyi, iye anadza malangizo a hermeneutics, pamene kunali koyenera kusanthula maganizo oipa. Paulo anaganiza kuti: kumvetsa zoipa zimene muyenera kudziwa kumvetsa nthano ndi zizindikiro, ndipo pamenepa anakhala chidwi langizo la kupanga ntchito angapo kuti anam'bweretsera kutchuka. Iye mabuku monga "nkhondo ya kutanthauzira" ndi "chiphunzitso cha kutanthauzira" lolembedwa anaphunzira zolemba za Plato ndi Aristotle, mu 1983 ndi 1985 opangidwa atatu buku "Nthawi Nkhani", akuyendayenda mfundo zosiyanasiyana za nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

makoti wotchuka nzeru zapamwamba

Pol Riker anali wafilosofi wolemekezeka nthawi yake. Patapita zaka zambiri za ntchito yake kudzakhala mu ankafuna, ndi olowa ndi zogwirizana, ife angofunika kuwerenga pang'ono ndi kuganiza:

"Aliyense mwambo amakhala kuyamika kumasulira."

"Mgwirizano wa kulankhula kwa anthu ndi lero vuto."

"Chete atsegula kumvetsera dziko lonse."

"Taganizani - ndiye kupita mwakuya."