The nzeru za Descartes

The nzeru za Mnazareti Dekarta - ndi kuti kumene unachokera rationalism. nzeru zapamwamba Izi ankadziwikanso monga masamu kwambiri. anzeru ambiri ofotokoza mfundo zawo pa maganizo amene analemba nthawi ina Descartes. "Mfundo za Philosophy" - mmodzi wa Mfundo wotchuka kwambiri.

Choyamba, Descartes anatchuka chifukwa chakuti anasonyeza kufunika kwa malingaliro kuphunzira, patsogolo chiphunzitso anabadwa maganizo, chiphunzitso cha mankhwala ndi modes ake makhalidwe. Iye alinso wolemba ndi chiphunzitso cha dualism. Popititsa patsogolo mfundo imeneyi, iye ankafuna kuyanjanitsa idealists ndi materialists.

The nzeru za Descartes

Popeza kuti maganizo chifukwa cha nzeru ndi umunthu, Descartes kukangana motere: dziko zochitika zambiri ndi zinthu zosatheka kumvetsa, izo zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wovuta, koma amapereka ufulu asankhe ndi chikaiko chakuti zikuoneka osavuta kumva. Kuchokera pamenepa tinganene kuti mukukayikira zonse ndi m'mikhalidwe yonse. Kukaika ndi chuma cha ganizo - amene angakayikire, amatha kuganiza. Kuganizira zitha munthu amene kulidi choncho, maganizo ndi maziko a kuli ndi chidziwitso. Kuganizira - ichi ndi ntchito chifukwa. Kuchokera pamenepa tinganene kuti malingaliro ndi muzu wa onse.

Mu kuphunzira nzeru za kukhala Wafilosofi anali mwabweretsa mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zikanati zimaonetsa akamanena za kukhala. Atatha kukambirana yaitali, iye akutenga lingaliro la mankhwala. Mankhwala - kanthu kena kamene popanda thandizo kunja - mwachitsanzo chifukwa kuli chinthu sayenera china kuposa yokha. Anafotokoza njira ya chinthu chimodzi chokha nawo. Kuti akutchedwa Mulungu. Mulungu ali wa muyaya, zovuta kuzimvetsa, wamphamvuyonse ndipo mtheradi muzu wa onse.

Iye ndi mlengi amene analenga dziko, amenenso Amakhala ndi zinthu. Conjured iwo mankhwala amathanso kukhala amoyo paokha. Iwo kudzidalira yekha mu ubale wina ndi mzake ndi kwa Mulungu - zotumphukira.

nzeru Descartes 'ukugawa mankhwala sekondale on:

- chuma;

- wauzimu.

Iye zimasonyezanso zikhumbo za mitundu yonse ya mankhwala. Chifukwa cha nkhani - ndi kukopa kwa wauzimu - maganizo. nzeru Descartes ati kuti munthu ali ndi zauzimu ndi zinthu zakuthupi. Mfundo imeneyi iye waima pakati pa zolengedwa zina. Kuchokera pa ichi, pakubwera lingaliro la dualism, ndiyo duality wa munthu. Descartes limanena kuti safuna m'lingaliro kupeza yankho la funso lakuti, kodi choyambitsa: malingaliro kapena kanthu. Ndipo, onse ogwirizana kokha munthu, ndipo ngati dualistic - iwo Sangathe kukhala choyambitsa. Pali nthawi zonse ndi mbali zosiyana za chinthu chofanana. ubwenzi wawo ndi lodziwikiratu.

Kufunsa mafunso a chidziwitso, Descartes kutsindika chachikulu ndi pa njira za sayansi. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti njira imeneyi anamugwiritsa ntchito masamu, sayansi ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi, koma osati ntchito nzeru. M'mawu ena, iye ankakhulupirira kuti n'zotheka kupeza chinachake zatsopano ntchito. Monga njira sayansi anagwiritsa ntchito deduction.

nzeru Descartes lili ndi chiphunzitso cha malingaliro titadziwa. Cholinga ndi kuti tiyenera tidziwe zina mwa kuphunzira, koma pali ena amene ali ndi zoonekeratu ndipo safuna kuphunzira kapena umboni. Iwo akutchedwa axioms. mfundo zimenezi zingakhale axioms kapena maganizo. Zitsanzo mfundo:

- Mulungu;

- moyo;

- chiwerengero.

Zitsanzo za kufunsira:

- kukhala ndi kukhala nthawi yomweyo sikutheka;

- lonse nthawi zonse kuposa mbali;

- Palibe zingachitike kanthu yekha.

Onani kuti maganizo amenewa ndi othandiza kwa zothandiza kudziwa osati chabe. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti umunthu ziyenera bwino.