Ntchito Human: zabwino, amunamuna kuchita. Kodi mchitidwewo: akamanena

Act - ndi kuchitapo kanthu, chifukwa dziko mumtima wa munthu, anapanga pa nthawi imeneyo. Machitidwe akhoza kukhala abwino ndi oipa. Iwo anachita mchikakamizo cha tanthauzo la ntchito, zikhulupiriro, maphunziro, chikondi, chidani, chifundo. pali ngwazi kulikonse. Palinso mtundu wa ang'ono amene zochita anthu ayesedwa. Malinga n'zotheka kudziwa ngati izi ndi zinthu ngwazi, amene adzatumikira monga chitsanzo kwa mibadwo ya m'tsogolo.

Pa mfundo ndi chintchito ndinaganiza za akatswiri ambiri yakale. Poganizira pankhaniyi sichinayambe anapulumutsa ndi anzeru masiku ano. moyo wa anthu onse ndi unyolo mosalekeza zochita, mwachitsanzo. E. Zochita. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti maganizo ndi khalidwe munthu wosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mwana akufuna makolo ake zabwino zokhazokha. Komabe, zochita zawo kawirikawiri chisoni. Ndi chidaliro tinganene kuti kuchokera kanthu lero kumadalira tsogolo lathu. Makamaka, moyo wathu wonse.

Search Socrates, cholinga cha moyo

Socrates anali mmodzi wa anthu okonda kwambiri yogwira tanthauzo la mfundo imeneyi. Iye anali kuyesera kuti muganize momwe kukhala weniweni amunamuna ntchito. ukoma Kodi izi okondwa nzeru zapamwamba zonse wakale - zoipa mmene munthu akusankha. Iye atagonjetsa mu dziko lamkati la umunthu makamaka, umunthu wake. Ine ndinali kuyang'ana pa zochita apamwamba cholinga. Mu maganizo ake, iwo uyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi ukoma chachikulu - chifundo.

Maziko a makhalidwe ndi cholinga chofuna kuphunzira kusiyanitsa pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa. Munthu akhoza kudziŵa mfundo izi, adzatha, monga Socrates, olimba mtima. Munthu wotere chofunika kuti mupange kachitidwe amunamuna zabwino kwambiri. Socrates mawunikidwe nthanthi anali umalimbana kupeza zolinga zimenezi, mphamvu sadzafunika kuzindikira. M'mawu ena, nzeru zapamwamba limanena za kudziletsa chidziwitso, munthu cholinga mkati, m'malo kale.

Socrates motsutsa Sophists

nzeru ena Socratic anayesa kundifotokozera akamanena za "chinthu" wa zosiyana: ndichiyani? Olimbikitsa chigawo cha zochita zake - osiyana malo a Sophists, amene anawaphunzitsa kupeza zolinga chobisika, kuwapatsa udindo sadziwa. Malinga Protagoras, amene anakhalapo m'nthawi ya Socrates, tanthauzo la moyo wa munthu, ngati munthu - ndi wakuti ndi bwino ndi kukhuta chomaliza cha zofuna ndi zosowa.

The Sophists ankakhulupirira kuti aliyense kuchita kwa cholinga chadyera m'pofunika zifukwa pamaso pa achibale ndi anthu ena, monga iwo ali mbali ya anthu. Choncho chilengedwe ayenera kukhulupirira ntchito Sufi luso kumanga kulankhula kuti akumufuna. Ndiko kuti, mnyamata amene anatenga maganizo Sufi, kusonkhana osati kudziwa nokha, komanso kuyika cholinga chinachake, kuchikwaniritsa ndi kutsimikizira wosalakwa mu zochitika zonse.

The "Socratic kukambirana"

Kuchepetsa zinyalala padziko lapansi. Iye amapita pamwamba ndi kuganizira za chinthu chotero monga mchitidwe wa. N'chiyani chimene cheni ake? Ndicho chimene iye akufuna kumvetsa woganiza. Iye kufunafuna cholinga cha moyo wa munthu, kuyambira thupi ndi wodzikonda. Choncho, zinabala dongosolo zovuta njira kuti ena amati "Socratic kukambirana". Njirazi kutsogolera munthu m'njira ya kudziwa choonadi. Wafilosofi interlocutor kumabweretsa kumvetsa tanthauzo lalikulu la umuna, chabwino, ukoma, kudziletsa, ukoma. Popanda makhalidwe a munthu sangathe mumaona kuti ndinu munthu. Ukoma - izo anapanga chizolowezi nthawi zonse amafuna kuchita bwino, ndipo adzakhala ofanana ntchito zabwino.

Wachiwiri ndi mphamvu galimoto

Zotsutsana za ukoma ndi wachiwiri. Iwo amayambanso zimene anthu, akuwatsogolera zoipa. Kuti akhazikitse mu ukoma, munthu ayenera kudziŵa ndi chiweruzo. Socrates sanakanepo pamaso pa zokondweretsa moyo. Koma adakana mphamvu yamapeto pa iye. Chifukwa cha kuipa ndi umbuli ndi makhalidwe - chidziwitso. Pa kafukufuku wake, kusanthula zambiri kanthu anthu: zake mphamvu galimoto, cholinga mtima. Woganiza ndi conveniently unali pafupi kenako zikhulupiriro anapanga Mkhristu. Tikhoza kunena kuti aloŵa mwakuya akamanena za munthu Ndipotu mfundo ufulu wosankha, nzeru, chilungamo, ndi chiyambi cha zoipa.

view Aristotle

Socrates, Aristotle amazitsutsa. Iye samakana kufunika kwa luso anthu nthawi zonse kuchita ntchito zabwino. Iye anati: zochita zimakhudzidwa ndi chilakolako. Pofotokozera chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri munthu wodziwa kuchita cholakwika, monga nzeru mtima ndithu. Malinga ndi Aristotle, munthu alibe kudzilamulira. Ndipo moyenera, nzeru alibe kudziwa zochita zake. Pofuna kuchita ntchito zabwino, muyenera kulimba maganizo udindo wa munthu, izo olaula, zomuchitikira zina, anapeza pamene ali ndi chisoni ndi kusangalala. Kuti chisoni ndi chimwemwe, malinga ndi Aristotle, muyeso wa zochita anthu. Kutitsogolera mphamvu - chifuniro, amene anapanga ndi ufulu wosankha.

kuyeza zochita

Iwo anayamba mfundo zochita muyeso: chosowa, owonjezera ndi zapakati pake. Ndi kuchita pa dongosolo la Ngopambana pakati, ati nzeru zapamwamba, munthu akusankha bwino. Chitsanzo cha zinthu zoterozo angathe kutumikira virility, umene uli pakati pa makhalidwe monga mosasamala ndi mtima wamantha. Iye amauza masitepe umasinthasintha pamene gwero kwagona munthuyo, ndipo musanaganizire, amakakamizidwa ndi zinthu kunja. Poganizira kuchitako, akamanena za chiphunzitso cha, mbali mu moyo wa munthu ndi anthu, kupanga zinthu zina. Tikhoza kunena kuti pamlingo winawake onse ali bwino nzeru za anthu. Iwo anayang'ana okongola kwambiri munthu wa mkati, kupewa chiweruzo zachiphamaso ndipo pofunafuna chowonadi.

view Kant ndi

A chopereka yaikulu chiphunzitso, ikufotokoza maganizo kanthu ndi chilimbikitso, anayambitsa Kant. Iye ananena kuti muyenera kuchita kuti kutha kunena kuti, "Kodi pamene ine ...." Choncho Iye akunena motsindika kuti panopa tinganene kuti kuchita makhalidwe, pamene zolinga ndi ufulu kuwomba mu moyo, ngati tocsin a. Olemba mbiri ya nzeru kuganizira zochita anthu, zolinga zawo ofunitsitsa ndi Kant mawu a rigor.

Mwachitsanzo, kuyang'ana pa zinthu kuchokera m'madzi munthu, Kant anati, populumutsa kholo la mwana wako, kuchita izi sizidzakhala abwino. Pambuyo zonse, malinga ndi tanthauzo la chikondi chachibadwidwe wolowa wake. kanthu Moral adzakhala ngati munthu amapulumutsa ndi kumira munthu osadziwika kwa iye, motsogozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti: ". moyo Human - mtengo wapatali kwambiri" Pali njira ina. Ngati mdani wapulumutsidwa, izo nzoona makhalidwe amunamuna kuchita woyenera kuzindikira mkulu. M'tsogolo, mfundo izi Kant anasintha ndi ogwirizana nawo anthu amenewa zikhumbo, chikondi ndi ntchito.

Kufunika kwa mfundo kanthu

Pa mfundo zabwino lekani kulankhula lero. Kangati, anthu amazindikira zimene makhalidwe a anthu aakulu, zolinga zimene zinali kwenikweni osati ndi cholinga chabwino. Kodi lero ndi ungwazi, kulimba mtima? Kumene, kupulumutsa munthu kapena nyama ku imfa, kudyetsa anjala, zovala ovutika. A zochitadi kukoma mtima angatchedwe ngakhale kanthu zophweka kwambiri: malangizo kwa bwenzi, mnzake thandizo, kuitana makolo. Kumasulira mkazi wakale kuwoloka msewu, nimupatse mphatso zachifundo kwa osauka, kukatenga pepala pa msewu - zochita, amene ali m'gulu la gulu. Koma ungwazi, ndiye ozikidwa pa nsembe ya moyo wawo chifukwa cha ena. Izi makamaka kuteteza Mama kwa mdani, ntchito ya Anthu monga apolisi, ogwira ntchito yopulumutsa. Hero ukhoza munthu wamba, akanalankhula mwa moto mwana, zopanda wakuba yokutidwa pamtima odutsapo, amene umalimbana mbiya ya makina.

Malinga zamaganizo ambiri, nzeru ena ndi azamulungu kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mwana sangathe kusiyanitsa bwinobwino pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa. Choncho ndikukudandaulirani chikumbumtima chopanda pake, chifukwa chakuti liwu chifukwa amaona kwambiri malire. Komabe, kuyambira zaka zisanu - ndi athanzi umunthu, omwe angathe bwino kupanga kusankha njira imodzi kapena wina. Zochita za ana pa nthawi iyi ayenera mwaluso akulimbana makolo m'njira yoyenera.