Metrological chitsimikizo - ndi chiyani ichi? Luso zapansi thandizo metrological

dongosolo metrological chitsimikizo malinga ndi Art. Constitution 71 ndi federally malamulo. Norma allocates ku State kasamalidwe centralized wa zofunika mu dera lino. Motsatirana kuti Art. 71 malamulo lolamulira metrological zapansi yokonza Atengedwa.

Kapangidwe ka Institute

dongosolo metrological chitsimikizo chimakwirira zosiyanasiyana za anthu. Pamafunikanso mfundo mfundo mfundo chinkafunika, malamulo a mawerengedwe nthawi. Metrological yokonza - kuipidwa zolimbana chikhalidwe cha ntchito zina. Njirazi ndi monga:

1. Atakhala zofunika. Metrological miyezo chitsimikizo Mwachitsanzo, kumafuna mtima wa magawo awo unali woyenerera.
2. Planning. Monga mbali ya opaleshoni akayezetsa madera popangidwa ndi chitukuko cha luso.
3. Kusankha zida ndi zipangizo. Adzachedwa zochokera magawo anapereka kudalirika kwa zotsatira.
4. Statistical processing. Pa ntchito imeneyi mwachidule zotsatira zopezera miyezo ndi kudalirika kwawo Akuti.
5. Interlaboratory m'mafanizo. Pa njirayi, bungwe ndipo unachitikira ulamuliro kudalirika chizindikiro miyezo. Makamaka, miyezo ikuchitika m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo kenako kanjedza chifukwa akuyerekezedwa.

Monga sayansi ku metrology lapansi. Chilango aphunzira njira muyeso, njira kukwaniritsa molondola chofunika.

GSI

riziki Metrological wa muyeso pachilichonse ndi Lamulo pa mlingo la feduro. Latsopano la Russia analengedwa ndi ntchito yoyenera bungwe. dongosolo boma kuonetsetsa pachilichonse za miyeso - mndandanda wa malamulo intersectoral ndi milingo interregional. Iwo anapereka mfundo zofunika ndi malangizo umalimbana kukwaniritsa ndi kukhalabe umodzi dziko la miyezo mwandondomeko yoyenera. Documents ovomerezedwa ndi Rosstandart.

zinthu

Metrological chitsimikizo cha miyezo zikuphatikizapo:

1. Mayunitsi nat. makhalidwe.
2. Kudziyesa machenjelero ndinso mfundo dziko.
3. Njira ndi zipangizo yachinsinsi.
4. Njira normalization ndi nomenclature chizindikiro chikuyeza njira.
5. olondola mitengo.
6. Njira ya mawu, ulaliki wa magawo ndi zotsatira.
7. njira kayesedwe.
8. Njira poona kudalirika mu nkhani za katundu zinthu ndi zipangizo.
9. Amafuna kuti zitsanzo.
10. Kumasulira mawu.
11. Organization ndi ntchito ya mayesero, metrological chitsimikizo ndi yachinsinsi, calibration, kutsimikizira specifications ndi luso, luso, zomangamanga, ntchito zolembedwa.

ongolankhula m'munsi

Metrological thandizo - osakaniza:

1. State mfundo. Iwo anapereka unit thupi. makhalidwe. Zovuta chikuphatikizapo pachimake 114 ndi mfundo zoposa 250 sekondale.
2. Kupeleka zokhudza zakayendesedwe kukula nat mayunitsi. mfundo za zitsanzo za njira ntchito ya kayesedwe.
3. Kukula kwa ndondomeko, amasulidwe mu makope zida ndi zipangizo kuchita miyezo.
4. Ntchito mayeso boma.
5. Ndondomeko yotsimikiza ndi calibration.
6. Standard zitsanzo za kapangidwe ndi katundu zinthu ndi zipangizo, Buku zokhudza zokhazikika zawo zakuthupi ndi makhalidwe.

nzika

Metrological chitsimikizo - izo ndi ntchito mkati yamtunduwu ndi:

1. HMS. State Metrology Service walunjika ndi Agency Federal kwa lamulo luso.
2. Ovomerezeka boma matupi a ku Russia komanso mabungwe alamulo kasamalidwe. Iwo apanga zopezera mabungwe ndi magulu ikugwira ntchito m'dzikoli m'munda wa metrology mapulogalamu.

M'zochita zake, zisudzo awa amakhala ndi malamulo m'makalata.

m'munsi Scientific ndi luso

Panopa metrological thandizo - chida yogwira ntchito polenga njira zosavuta, mawu oyamba machenjerero kusintha zochita zokha, odalirika kuwunika ndi kusanthula za katundu wa chotsirizidwa. Mpaka ndi posachedwapa, m'ntchito imeneyi ankaona kuti ntchito. Mfundo mphamvu lolunjika pa thandizo metrological kupanga ndi ntchito, komanso kukonza kuti chitukuko cha zida kuona njira. Komabe, mavuto atsopano. Today metrological ulamuliro mapulogalamu ya miyeso gulu ndi luso umalimbana kupeza ndi ntchito wotsatira wa zotsatira za miyezo molondola chofunika.

njira Ofunika

Metrological thandizo kupanga zikuphatikizapo:

1. Tanthauzo la mankhwala osiyanasiyana a magawo, zipangizo, njira kuti imawunikidwa pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana.
2. Kusankha mndandanda ndi mfundo n'zosangalatsa kumva kwa magawo a lolondola zotsatira za miyezo, macheke ndi amazilamulira, mitundu ya yobereka. Iwo ayenera amathandiza kuti njira mulingo woyenera kwambiri mavuto amene zimaonekera.
3. Kupenda kamangidwe, sayansi ndi mamangidwe zolembedwa. Iwo ikuchitika kutsimikizira zotsatira za zisankho za mavuto m'mbuyomu.
4. kukonzekera mayeso, muyeso, chitukuko ndi chitsimikizo njira.
5. Kusankha njira zomwe ndi zoyenerera. Metrological chitsimikizo ya kuyesedwa, miyezo, mawunikidwe angathe kuchitidwa ntchito zida kupanga siriyo. Komanso, malamulo analola chitukuko ndi standardization wa chitsimikizo kuti si akukonza zipangizo.
6. Pitirizani zida bwino. Njira thandizo metrological ayenera nthawi zonse chipikisheni kwa Kutukula ndi magwiritsidwe antchito.
7. Kuchita miyezo, processing zotsatira (ngati n'koyenera).

Metrological gulu chikuphatikizapo maphunziro ndi Choyenereza antchito, amene ntchito chikukhudza kupanga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira kuwunikira miyezo ndi chiphasochi.

anthu udindo

Zogwiritsira ntchito pamwamba, kuyendetsedwa ndi udindo luso lathu utumiki. Ali ndi udindo malonda metrological thandizo ndi kugwirizana deta processing, zipangizo ndi motsatana ndondomeko zolimbana kukonzekera awo. Posankha osiyanasiyana mfundo magawo ali okonza, kutukula ntchito yatsopano, zipangizo kapena mankhwala pamaziko a mawerengeredwe ndi kuphunzira katundu wawo. Kuona malamulo ndendende kuchita nkhani umene ukunenedwa, - opanga, ogulitsa kapena owerenga njira, mankhwala zipangizo.

kumupima imagwiridwa ndi magulu mwaukadaulo ophunzitsidwa akatswiri. Zikuphatikizapo okonza, technologists, mamembala a departmental Metrology Services. Mapulani ndi chilango cha miyezo mayesero, kusanthula ndi udindo wa anthu ogwira sayansi ndi luso. akatswiri amenewa kukonza ndi kugwiritsa njira kupanga katundu ndi zipangizo. Metrological chitsimikizo cha ulamuliro, kufufuza ndi kayesedwe imagwiridwa m'njira centralized. zisudzo udindo mu macitiro enewa a Utumiki, kukhala zipangizo zoyenera ndi njira. Mapulogalamu akhoza decentralized. Iwo ikuchitika zisudzo amene amachita miyezo, kuyezetsa komanso kuchita moyang'aniridwa pa kugwilizana ndi zofunika anakhazikitsa. Pitirizani zipangizo bwino ntchito kupereka ntchito luso. yamtunduwu awo ndi chitsimikizo, calibration, zida kukonza.

MVI

Ndondomeko Muyeso amatchedwa Zida zogwiritsira, njira ndi malamulo ntchito yokonza ndi kukhazikitsa muyeso, processing ndi yobereka zotsatira.

Kuti zili zinthu ndi ndondomeko ya zinthu izi zofunika kuzikwaniritsa. Iwo amatchedwa malamulo kayesedwe. zofunika zimenezi kuti amalize ntchito yapadera. Malamulo zambiri za ukulu wa njira muyeso ndi zina zipangizo luso. Pamene awo kukhazikitsa ndi anagwiritsanso deta chikukonzekera mu mawonekedwe abwino ntchito zina.

Mbali yachiwiri ya MVI kuchita hardware. Zikuphatikizapo zipangizo kukhazikitsa atangochimwa miyezo, komanso Chalk. Yotsirizira n'kofunika kulenga zinthu zoyenera ndi ankhanza. Zitsanzo zipangizo wothandiza ndi kulankhulana njira, kulamulira kutentha ndi mosamala unsembe, kugwedera dampers, ndi zina zotero.

The chigawo chachitatu MVI muyeso njira. Pamafunikanso mfundo kwa zipangizo. Pali njira miyezo mwachindunji kapena kudzera m'njira zina. Recent ankaona wamba. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, monga ziro, masiyanidwe, njira masiyanidwe, mwachindunji chiwerengero. Iwo amalola zina azilipira kapena kuthetsa zolakwika zikuluzikulu. Njira miyezo mozungulira amakonda kusonyeza maina mfundo thupi zomwe zachokera. Iwo ali osiyanasiyana lalikulu njira.

Chofunikanso

Development ndi kutsimikiza njira kwenikweni zawo ndi njira yokhayo litsatira kungakupatseni metrological thandizo la kupanga ndi chiyesedwe cha mankhwala. Ichi ndi chifukwa zotsatirazi. Monga mbali yaikulu ya zida muyeso ndi oyamba a lero mu kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Iwo zochokera zochitika kumene anapeza ndi malamulo. Metrological chitsimikizo chadongosolo mwa njira imeneyi limodzi ndi digiri yapamwamba ya molondola ndi kusamvana. njira sitipereka angazindikire ranges lalikulu m'madera njira mwachindunji sizikugwira ntchito. Pa nthawi yomweyo monga kumasulira molondola zokhazikitsidwa ndi zolakwa. Iwo amayamba ndi incompleteness wa maikwezhoni ndi kufotokoza kudalira a zedi asonyeza njira zina ndi makhalidwe kachulukidwe zodabwitsa ndi njira. Mofanana kwambiri ndi osakhalitsa wa koefishienti wazotsatira kapena ongolankhula pamene kusintha katundu chinthu zinthu ndi modes kayesedwe. Kuonjezera apo, ntchito machitidwe zovuta multiblock chikoka chachikulu pa makhalidwe ambiri zolakwa ndi zida wothandiza.

chitsimikizo cha MVI

Ndi phunziro lolunjika pa ziyenera a pazipita kololeka zolakwa muyeso, ikuchitika njira imeneyi. Cholinga cha chitsimikizo ndi kukhazikitsa kugwirizana pakati pa kuvutika ndi malamulo anapatsidwa. Nthawi zina, khalidwe ndi kuika "ntchito pazipita". Iwo kumafuna kudziŵa zinthu, njira, mavuto cholakwa ndi chabe.

njira zoyambirira

chitsimikizo ndondomeko amusankha malingana zovuta za ntchito njira ntchito. njira zowerengera ntchito pamene akuchita muyeso yosavuta. Childs Zolakwika zimenezi ofunitsitsa ndi makhalidwe a makhalidwe dekhetsa kuperekedwa mu zolembedwa za luso. A njira mawerengedwe-experimental wa kufufuza zochokera kusanthula tsankho za zomwe zingayambitse, zinthu ndi magwero a zolakwika. Kuvuta mu nkhani iyi si kusanthula kwambiri monga kudziwika chakuti zochitika kwambiri bwanji molondola. Akamanena za njira experimental ndi kutsogolera ndi kufanizitsa mwachindunji zotsatira analandira miyezo ikuchitika imodzi ndi pansi ena zinthu zida olondola ndi luso.