Kodi ataphunzira nzeru za ndale?

Political nzeru - Ndi achiwiri munda wa aluntha kafukufuku umalimbana kumvetsa mbali ndi mphamvu ya boma, komanso ntchito ndi maufulu a nzika. Izi sayansi, komanso ena normative chiphunzitso, zolinga pa kukambirana mfundo kusonyeza makhalidwe abwino ndi zofunika mfundo iliyonse umodzi munthu ndi dongosolo la mphamvu mu dziko lonse. nzeru Political, anapanga mchikakamizo cha malingaliro ena, chimakwirira zinthu zoyambirira za weniweni, ankaikira ku Ulaya panyengo zosiyanasiyana zakale. Kusanthula chikhalidwe cha mphamvu ndi khalidwe la atsogoleri dziko, akatswiri a Ages Middle ndi masiku ano bwino kuti kuchita mwayekha ayenera kupita kusintha kwa bwino ndi kuteteza kuwonongeka wa zenizeni alipo.

Chiphunzitso cha Machiavelli

nzeru ndale Machiavelli a anakopeka ndi zinthu zopweteka kuti ndi khalidwe kwa Italy m'zaka za m'ma XV. Ngakhale kuti asayansi ndithu zoipa imawunikidwa ntchito imene amafuna kubisa chipembedzo chilichonse anthu ndi mpingo, ndi kuti asanene masomphenya awo zenizeni, nzeru zapamwamba amaona kosamalira ndi zomveka. Choncho, Machiavelli ankakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha zochita analamula atsogoleri zingagwirizanitse boma zotayana mu mphamvu amphamvu ndi kugwirizanitsa anthu.

Komabe, Mpingo wa Katolika, Komano, sanafune kuti atsogolere Italy anachuluka ngati anatsutsa kwambiri kugwirizana kwa dziko motsogozedwa ndi mfundo yolembedwa, kwa Mfumu analankhula. Machiavelli ankakhulupirira kuti boma ayenera kusamalira ndondomeko zomveka kuti popanda kuphwanya mfundo za makhalidwe abwino, koma ngati kuli kofunika akhoza sindichita zabwino, ndi kutenga njira zoyenerera pa polojekiti imeneyo. Malinga cholinga chake wolamulira aliyense akhoza kusankha mtundu uliwonse wa njira ndi zimenezi kwa bwino ndi kukwaniritsa kufunika.

Chiphunzitso cha Kubadwa Kwatsopano

nzeru umoyo ndale za Kubadwa Kwatsopano - Zisudzo za zithunzi zosiyanasiyana asayansi za chikhalidwe cha boma ndi anthu, kawirikawiri anapanga mchikakamizo cha malingaliro osiyanasiyana zosatheka. Chifukwa moyo wa azungu a nthawi ankaona ntchito zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo, ambiri a malingaliro anachitira kusintha cholinga cha Mpingo wa ku boma. Mwachitsanzo, m'mayiko ambiri malo a Chikatolika, Chiprotestanti akubwera, kumakana Mphamvu ya Papa ndi malangizo achipembedzo analola kazembe kutsata mfundo palokha, popanda chilichonse Vatican.

Mu nzeru ndale Kubadwa Kwatsopano kwakukulukulu anadalira pa chiphunzitso cha Machiavelli, ndi asayansi ambiri otchuka ankakhulupirira kuti cholinga chakupezeka a boma ndi kupondereza mbali otsika a m'mbali mwa munthu aliyense. Choncho, mkulu wa ampicillin ngati zabwino, koma musakhale kotero kwenikweni, chifukwa mukatero adzaikidwa wagwetsedwa ndi hackers.

Boma abwino

Nzeru za ndale kwa zaka XVII-XIX, kukumbatirana lingaliro la makhalidwe a wolamulira masiku ano, asayansi ambiri ayesetsa ganizirani mmene abwino. Makamaka anatsindika ziphunzitso za Nazi zosatheka Tommaso Campanella ndi Sir Thomas More, imene imagwiritsidwa fano la dziko nthano imene kupambana chilungamo chikhalidwe ndi mwamtheradi inathetsedwa zotsutsana onse pakati pa utsogoleri ndi mzika. Moore anadzudzula mphamvu cholowa, ndipo akhoza kusankha olamulira onse ndi akuluakulu pamaziko a othandiza konsekonse. Mu zenizeni, pafupifupi maiko onse mpaka cha m'ma XIX mphamvu, mfumu inali Mtheradi, chotero lingaliro la Nazi zosatheka pasadakhale awo.