Ali Syr Darya Mtsinje? Syrdarya Mtsinje: chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

Kudzera ukufalikira Fergana chigwa ndi m'zigwa Farkhad mapiri, kunja kwa mzinda wa Njala steppe ndi Kyzylkum chipululu Syrdarya umayenda - mtsinjewo, Alevi Asia Central.

"Pearl Mtsinje"

Popeza nthawi makedzana, anthu atakhazikika pa magombe a Syr Darya, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ulimi wothirira. Panali osati dziko kwambiri chonde, komanso zapita wotchuka silika Road intersects ndi njirazo kenako kuchokera Samarkand, Khiva ndi Bukhara.

Magwero Greek, mtsinje amatchedwa "Yaksart" kutanthauza "ngale mtsinje". Monga ilo linkatchedwa, ndi mafuko Turkic, ndi anthu a Iran. Ngakhale m'masiku akale Chinese mungapeze dzina la Syr Darya - "Chzhenchzhuhe" omwe anamasuliridwa amatanthauza "Pearl Mtsinje".

Komabe, ngale mu mtsinje sanachitepo. Dzina wakale wa Syr Darya, nthawi zambiri amasonyeza mtima wa anthu okhala m'madera ouma ndipo koposa onse ofunika madzi.

Ngakhale bata imaonekera ndipo ngakhale ukulu, Syr sioneka ndi ayi. Ndipo pamene litulukira, makamaka nthawi chisanu Sungunulani mu mapiri, zikhoza madzi madera lalikulu. Choncho, ngakhale mu zaposachedwapa zapitazi am'deralo pofuna kusangalatsa mzimu "Pearl Mtsinje" ananka naye kwa nsembe za nyama.

Pa magombe a Syr Darya zambiri zipilala m'mbiri komanso zowoneka. Mwachitsanzo, Khujand, amene m'badwo zaka zoposa 2500, Sygnak, panopa limatchedwa kuthetsa Sunako-Ata Mabwinja a mzinda Otrar, umene unali pakati zikuluzikulu mu Zapakati. Koma Otrar unawononge- ndi kuwononga mmodzi wa ana a Genghis Khan, ndi mzinda salinso adzabadwanso.

General zokhudza madera ndi hydrology

Syrdarya anabadwa mu kum'mawa kwa Fergana chigwa cha confluence a mitsinje awiri - akuthamanga kuchokera kuwundana wa Tien-Shan mapiri a Naryn ndi Kara Darya. njira zake ndi kudutsa m'dera la mayiko atatu: Kazakhstan, Tajikistan ndi Uzbekistan.

Kutalika kwa mtsinje ndi 2212 Km. Syrdarya - mtsinje, ngakhale yotakata, koma osati kwambiri, choncho ndi yodutsira yekha m'dera la Kyzyl-Orda ndi Kazakhstan.

Pa dziko la mtsinje ali wamkulu chikoka dongosolo ulimi wothirira, chifukwa madzi yaitali ake ntchito kuthirira zigawo louma. Pakali pano pali 700 TV, outputting Syr madzi m'munda ndi malo mafakitale.

Mu malire ake pakati pa mitundu mtsinje njira zambiri, choncho ndi otsika-atagona floodplain, nthawi zina chinyontho ndi inamera mabango, mzimbe ndi nkhalango tugai.

Kodi mtsinje imaphwera mu Syr Darya, tsopano kovuta kuyankha, chifukwa cha Nyanja Aral, lomwe kale inatha mu njira zake, pafupifupi sanali sakupezeka. Chifukwa kuyanika, izo unagawidwa amatunga tiwiri ndi madzi mtsinje ntchito kotero mwachangu zofuna zachuma amene otaya buku m'kamwa ndi pang'ono kwambiri. Koma mwalamulo amaona kuti mtsinje umayenda mu North Aral Sea.

m'dera limene Syr Darya mtsinje zosiyanasiyana m'madera osiyana ndi okongola.

Chigwa Ferghana

Anatenga mitsinje ndi mitsinje yoyenda kuchokera kuwundana wa Tien-Shan, ndi Syr Darya akuyamba ulendo wake mwa kwabasi Fergana Valley.

Popeza III Zakachikwi BC m'dera la chigwa panali malo m'mayiko kwambiri anayamba, ndipo pali ena mwa mizinda yakale ku Central Asia - Andijan ndi Margilan.

The Ferghana Valley ndi yabwino kwambiri ndi wofatsa nyengo, imathamanga zaka chifukwa chonde ake. Padakali kukula thonje, mpunga, zipatso, masamba, mavwende, ndi 30% ya anthu Uzbekistan a amakhala ndendende mu Fergana lapansi.

kuchuluka kwake Fergana unkayenera Syrdarya. Ambiri rivulets yaing'ono kuchokera mkokomo kwa mtsempha wamagazi otentha madzi, chakudya chigwa ayezi madzi. Komanso, pali anayamba dongosolo ulimi wothirira, amene anayamba kutuluka mu kutali kale. Syr madzi ngalande yokumba kwa nkhosa ndi minda mavwende, minda ya mpesa ndi.

Farkhad mapiri

The linanena bungwe kuchokera Ferghana Valley Mtsinje chipika Farkhad mapiri, kapena m'malo thanthwe, kuyambira zosiyanasiyana si lalikulu kwambiri. Syrdarya - mtsinjewo bata ndi ngakhale aulesi - apa inasanduka mtsinje oopsa. Atangomva kupita miyala, iye akhumudwa pa lokwera Mogol-matchalitchi anayamba, likukhalira zikuchepa kumpoto chakumadzulo ndipo ndipamene Bigovatskie pamakomo.

Pa kuchoka kwa Syrdarya Farkhad gorge mu nthawi Soviet linamangidwa opangira magetsi. mosungiramo ake amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu ulimi m'dziko Hunger steppe.

Kodi kumveka anawoloka mwa mtsinje Syr

Popeza anatuluka Farkhad mapiri Syrdarya akupitiriza njira yake kudzera Turan mbalambanda, omwe ali mbali yaikulu ya ku Central Asia. Izi ndi nkhanza kwambiri ndi louma dziko ndi nyengo zikuchepa chokhala. Kutentha pano ranges kuchokera + 40 ° C m'chilimwe ndi yozizira -40˚S.

Pa gawo la Turan zigwa ndi lalikulu ndi odziwika kwa chipululu, monga Kara Kum ndi Kyzyl Kum. Ndipo kokha Syrdarya kumafeŵetsa nyengo youma m'deralo.

N'zoona chipululu kukhala pa akungoonerera, mtsinje umayenda yekha Mphepete mwa Kyzyl-Kum. Koma akadula kwambiri zakuda malo, komanso inali pa dera la Turan kumveka - Njala steppe.

Pa zouma ndi mchere mphepo dongo nthaka ya steppe si kukula pafupi kanthu, ngakhale zomera chipululu zikuwoneka zambiri zosiyanasiyana. Izi si malo kuzimiririka imachirikiza ngakhale mtsinje kuya Syr Darya - chithunzi chikusonyeza bwino.

zaka zoposa zana, anthu ayesa kumwa madzi a Syr Darya Njala steppe, koma chiwembu inatha kulephera. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX ndi lamulo lachifumu la anthu zikwi zingapo zaka 10 anamanga Kaufmansky njira. Koma wasunga madzi wakhala chifukwa cha eutrophication a steppe lapansi.

The mitsinje kudyetsa Syr Darya

Area wa beseni ndi oposa 200 000 makilomita lalikulu. Voliyumu ya madzi pamwamba panopa ake makamaka zimadalira mitsinje yambiri ndi mitsinje kuti kudyetsa Sungunulani madzi oundana. makhwawa yaikulu ya Syr Darya Mtsinje zili malire pakati. Izi Keles, Chirchik ndi Angren. The yaikulu komanso anthu olemera wa iwo Chirchik.

Mu Syrdarya ndi makhwawa ambiri ang'onoang'ono, ngati Kasansay, Chaadaksay, Shahimardan, Cox, Bugun, Isfayramsay ndi ena. Last tributary ake - Aris - Mtsinje amasamalira malire m'munsi, pa malire a Kyzyl Kum chipululu.

mavuto a zachilengedwe

Syrdarya - mtsinje umene umapatsa moyo. Iye kwenikweni amathandiza kuli ndi ubwino wa dera lalikulu. Ndipo anthu mopanda manyazi ntchito kuwolowa manja kwake, osati kutenga nkhani imene kudzadza Syrdarya ndi mwapadera kawiri chifukwa mvula ndi kusungunuka oundana.

Chifukwa mowa yogwira ka madzi ndi Syr Darya ndi Amu Darya mu angapo apitawa kwa zaka zambiri kwambiri yafupika m'matangadza awo. Choncho, kuchuluka kwa madzi amene amasangalatsa Syr Darya m'Nyanja Aral ali anatsika ndi 10 zina. Ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe youma kumtunda nyanja.

Ndipo ndithu mtsinje anakhala osaya wokongola mu malire pakati pa kukhala malaya zopezera ngalande ndi m'madambo.