Wafilosofi Chinese Mencius. Chiphunzitso cha Mencius makoti

nzeru zapamwamba anabadwa mu gawo la ufumu wa Lu mu zana lachisanu BC. Pobadwa, iye anali dzina la Moe Yohane. Kuphunzira maina akatswiri, ife tikupeza zambiri pa ichi ndi mwamuna wamakhalidwe. Iye anali woyambitsa wa chiphunzitso ndi akatswiri anakhazikitsa sukulu yake. Kumvera malangizo ake ndi olemekezeka ake, ndi anthu wamba.

Foundation woganiza nzeru

Mencius anaphunzira choonadi zomwe zinapanga Confucius, mwachindunji kwa otsatira ake, ngakhale kuti sanali Confucius. Iye sadatenga chikhulupiriro mwachimbulimbuli anapereka mphunzitsi wa choonadi, ndi kusanthula ndipo ngati n'koyenera, ndikutsutsa iwo. Anzake maphunziro anali ndi maganizo kwambiri ndiwofatsa kuposa Mencius. nzeru zake akuti ngati mbuli ndi nkhanza. Pakhala zipolowe zachiwawa mafunde nzeru zaumunthu lingaliro.

Akamanena za ziphunzitso

Mencius chiphunzitso monga paradigms waukulu zimapangitsa mfundo zotsatirazi.

Anthu ayenera kukhala mu mtendere napereka ndewu mkati. Choncho, kazembe Uzikonda ogwira ndi akuluakulu boma - mutu awo, ana ayenera kulemekeza makolo awo ndi mosemphanitsa.

Mfundo nthanthi ya tchire la amanena kuti nkhanza kwambiri mphamvu umatheka kupanda chikondi, chomwe ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chapamwamba. Ngati ayi, munthu akuyesera kuti adzaze ndi opanda mu moyo mwa njira iliyonse imene angathe. Dziko lonse ntchito kuti athandize mnzake, ndiyeno zonse zidzakhala zokwanira papepala lalikulu chimwemwe.

Chilungamo, khama, ndi chiyero cha maganizo

Ambiri zolemba za akatswiri, kuphatikizapo chithunzi chapadera, kuwerenga ngati njira zothandiza ku moyo. Iye anaphunzitsa osati kuganiza komanso kugwira ntchito, chifukwa malingaliro bwino alimbikitse munthu ntchito zothandiza.

Sukulu Mencius anakweza asilikali wolimba, estestvoznateley. Apa akufotokozera ya kulingalira. Ngati timagwira a lemba la Mencius, kuphatikizapo makoti kusonyeza kuti dziko wamangidwa pa dongosolo limodzi, amene anatsimikiza ndi dongosolo la zinthu, kayendedwe ka nyenyezi iliyonse mu mlengalenga, nyengo, kusintha kutentha. Komanso, pa dongosolo malinga ndi boma kulanda boma.

Ntchito ya Mencius anabweretsa tanthauzo latsopano mwambo woyenera. M'mbuyomu, anthu otchuka kwambiri chifukwa zomwe nzeru zapamwamba anayesa nkhondo. Mencius anati, chofunika si udindo, ndi zochita ulemu ayenera udachita, sangathe tinatengera.

Anthu pa nthawi imeneyo anakhulupirira mphamvu kuwala ndi mdima amene amalamulira moyo wa anthu. Tchire ntchito umbuli wa anthu kuti bwino - monga yang'anira ya makhalidwe abwino kuletsa mitima ya anthu kuchokera zilakolako kuthungo. mfundo zake ndi njira yilungamitsidwa kwathunthu, chifukwa anthu kutenga maganizo mopepuka chotere. Ena zikhulupiriro anapulumuka lero. Kudzera chilengedwe cha zithunzi mu malingaliro a anthu chilango mphamvu nzeru zapamwamba Ine anabzala kudziletsa.

Image ya ulamuliro abwino

Munthu kulamulira deralo, ayenera nthawi zonse bwino kuti kugonjera chitsanzo chabwino kwa otsatira ake. Anthu amafuna mtsogoleri wamphamvu amene amadziwa anthu ake. Pambuyo adzatsatira, kuyamba kum'khulupirira. Kotero kudzakhala chilakolako umodzi.

mtsogoleri A wanzeru osankhidwa okha alangizi anzeru. Anthu ayenera kuwasandutsa piramidi, makoma a omwe, ngati kuwala kwa dzuwa akutsika nzeru ndi zikhumbo kwambiri chapamwamba kwa moyo wa munthu. Choncho, osankhika ulamuliro, kachiwiri, anali osankhidwa matalente amasiyiratu koposa chiyambi. boma anali kusonyeza kuti ayenera kutsogolera ena. Sinthani - amatanthauzanso mvetserani, chifundo. Kugonjetsa pamwamba ayenera kukambirana ndi anthu, zosowa aliyense anali kukumana nawo.

Ndalama ndi ndalama ayenera mosamalitsa wolungama. Ndipotu, si kwambiri ayenera kukhala osangalala. Dyera ndi zobwera kuyambitsa lochitira chikhalidwe kusintha. Tiyenera kukhala kupanga ndi kuphunzitsa chikondi kwa wina ndi ntchito. Koma changu kokha pamene ntchitoyi chilungamo ndipo analipira. Man ndi chikhalidwe akufuna ntchito, koma ulemu. Ngati izi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti alibe makonda kapolo chikwapu.

Ndipo m'mawu ndi m'zochita

Kale za akatswiri makoti anali kugwirizana ndi zochita za anzeru, koma sanali sizinatheke. Makamaka, munthu uyu anali kuyesera kuti aswe ndi parasitic ndi zowononga dongosolo la nthawi. Iye analalikira chifundo, malingaliro wofatsa ndi kutenga udindo pa zochita zawo. Muyenera kuyamba yekha. Ngati aliyense anatsatira mfundo imeneyi, kenako dziko lonse lidzasintha.

Alemekezeke chifanizo cha mwamuna wolemekezeka ndi adasumulula anthu wosalabadira. Aliyense ayenera kuyesetsa yabwino, kusintha okha ndi dziko tsiku lililonse latsopano.

zilembedwe

Tchire limodzi ndi maina wotchuka wa nzeru ena a nthawi zonse, amene nzeru chatifika kudzera m'ma, chifukwa zotsatirazi yekha:

• "Zochita za anthu abwino asankha bwino anthu, osati pa madzi."
• "Tsopano muzochitika akuluakulu a anthu olemekezeka kusamalira mwatsatanetsatane, osati lalikulu zedi."
• "Anthu zabwino, kukonda m'bale ang'onoang'ono, adzalandira chikondi kubwerera; wamakhalidwe munthu kuganizira za m'bale chitukuko zing'onozing'ono, kulandira moyo kwa munthu ang'onoang'ono. "
• "The amene athetse mavuto alionse ndi mavuto, akhoza kuwapeza zimene akufuna."
• "Iye amene alibe chikhulupiriro sangathe kukhala wanzeru."
• "Mukamalankhula, kulankhula mosapita molondola, mwa kuchitapo kanthu, kukhala zoopsa."
• "Kuyankhula za ubwino, koma alibe kukhala chokhumudwitsa zabwino."
• "Kodi sadzamanga ndi sindikuganiza kuti adzapanga wina, zinthu palokha."
• "Pochititsa chimwemwe, umodzi foni sangakhoze evaded."
• "Ifeyo -. NdiAmene wa umoyo wawo ndi phindu"
• "Ndani angakhoze kuganiza mozama, kulankhula chabe ndi kukhala zoona, ali ndi mwayi kukhala munthu wangwiro."
• "Zikatero, pamene wolamulira wobwezera mwamuna zachilengedwe wangwiro, moyo wa anthu likukula, chifukwa amalowerera bajeti mwanzeru chake. Sayanja anthu ndi wolamulira weniweniyo. "

Propaganda mtima ndi anthu

Mencius ankakhulupirira kuti munthu ayenera kukhala kuti akwaniritse abwino, imirirani pa makhalidwe abwino. boma ayenera ndalama zawo pa nkhondo yoopsayo, wakubayu ndi chiwawa. Pamene kasamalidwe mwanzeru zinthu zonse zidzakhala zokwanira ndipo aliyense adzayenera onse ambirimbiri opanda tchimo phindu.

Mwano, kudzikuza, chisokonezo, kusowa malamulo abwino kungadzutse chisokonezo. Olowa ayenera kulemekeza makolo awo, iwo ayenera kuphunzitsa anthu oona mtima ndi udindo, kuvekedwa ndi maganizo yowala ndi mizimu yabwino.

Munthu Uzikonda osati nokha yekha komanso anthu ena. Ndipotu anthu onse - ndi yaikulu chilengedwe chawo. Ndiko kuti, chikondi ena, ndipo timalemekeza tokha.

kufalitsa mfundo

Wafilosofi lolunjika pa chakuti pali chinachake zofunika kwambiri ndi lofunika kuposa phindu lenileni. Only pa koyamba zikuoneka kuti muyenera mpata ndalama, ngakhale ngati chili chosatsuka, ngati chifukwa kuti panapezeka mpata. Koma mwanjira imeneyi moyo aphimbidwa ndi zowawa za dzimbiri, imene mapeto ndipo si kuwoneka.

Man inasanduka nyama zakutchire. Ngakhale kuyang'ana pa zochita za ena, nyama adzakhala ulemu mukunyoza fanizo lofanana. Chifukwa nyama sadya mopitirira muyezo. Izo sizidzakupulumutsani ndalama mu malo. Izo sizipanga bandwagon ndi kuseka zosangalatsa. Izi matalente yosavuta anapatsa yekha mwini dziko, munthu. Ngati anthu amakondana, zonse pachimake kwambiri kuwala ndi kuwala mitundu. dziko lidzakhala onunkhira ndi chilichonse kugula lembani yosangalatsa fungo kuwala kwa munthu aliyense. Aliyense ayenera malo palibe m'modzi adzawona asalandidwe.

Munthu - cholengedwa chikhalidwe. Iye ali kukufunikira nzeru chikondi ndi kuwala ndi mtundu wawo. Choncho malonda chifukwa ndi chozizwitsa mu katundu zakanthawi zakuthupi, zimenezi mwamsanga vyanuschy namsongole, kudya mizu ya mitundu ukoma. matenda Izi zimalimbikitsa ndi kufa msanga, kuti mulibe nthawi zimaphethira, ndi kukoma mtima ndi anthu - wosatha. Chinthu chachikulu - kusankha mwanzeru.