Nzeru Leibniz a - chiphunzitso cha monads

Leibniz - wasayansi wapadera ndi masamu, loya ndi nzeru za anthu. Iye anabadwa ndi kukhala mu Germany. Tsopano amatchedwa mmodzi wa oimira yowala wa nyengo yatsopano m'munda wa nzeru. Akukhulupirira kuti nzeru za Leibniz ndi malangizo a rationalism. Bukuli lili ndi mavuto awiri aakulu: chidziwitso ndi mankhwala.

Descartes ndi Spinoza

nzeru Leibniz chikuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mfundo. Musanayambe kulenga wanu "mwana", Leibniz kuphunzira bwino chiphunzitso cha Spinoza ndi Descartes. German nzeru zapamwamba anazindikira kuti sali angwiro ndi kwathunthu zomveka. Choncho anabadwa lingaliro kulenga nzeru wake Leibniz.

Leibnitz anatsutsa chiphunzitso cha dualism wa Descartes, zomwe zinali zochokera kulekana kwa zinthu pa wapamwamba ndi wa kuthungo. Njira yoyamba palokha palokha wa zinthu, ndiye Mulungu ndi amene adalenga. Kudulidwa m'munsi ankatanthauza zinthu analenga ndi wauzimu.

Spinoza kamodzi chikugwirizana mankhwala onse limodzi, komanso kutsimikizira kusakhulupirika dualism. Komabe, nzeru za Leibniz anasonyeza kuti modes wa mankhwala umodzi wa Spinoza si kanthu ngati dualism wa Descartes.

Umu ndi mmene nzeru za Leibniz, imene tingati mwachidule motere: chiphunzitso cha multiplicity zinthu.

Kuphweka ndi kuvuta monads

Monad - kumodzi ndi zovuta nthawi yomweyo. nzeru Leibniz si yekha amalephera kumufotokozera zotsutsana izi, komanso kumalimbitsa kuti: kuphweka mtheradi ndi kuvuta wosatha. Nthawi zambiri, Monad - chofunika, zinthu zauzimu. Iwo sangakhoze kukhudza kapena kumva. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi moyo wa munthu kuti ndi losavuta, kuti ndi indivisible, ndi zovuta, wolemera ndi osiyanasiyana.

Akamanena za monads

The nzeru za G. V. Leybnitsa amanena kuti Monad - thunthu palokha kuti amakhala ndi mphamvu, kuyenda ndi liwiro. Komabe, mfundo izi sangathe kutchulidwa ndi mbali chuma, motero Monad pakokha zakuthupi chilli.

payekha monads

Aliyense monad munthu kwambiri ndi choyambirira. nzeru Leibniz a momveka limanena kuti zinthu zonse ndi kusiyana ndi zosiyana. Maziko a chiphunzitso cha monads ndi mfundo za indistinguishability abwino.

Leibniz yekha chabe anafotokoza kuti maganizo akewo. Nthawi zambiri, chitsanzo ndi osagwidwa mtengo wamba ndi masamba ndipo anapempha omvera kupeza awiri pepala zofanana. Kumene zimenezi sizinali. Kuyambira lero anatsatira kwanzeru za njira Mkhalidwe kwa dziko, payekha aliyense wa zinthu, osauka ndiponso maganizo.

Yachokera nzeru za masiku ano, Leibniz anali kupha nthumwi ake, kulankhula za kufunika kwa chikomokere mu miyoyo yathu. Leibniz anatsindika kuti ife zimatsatira chododometsa n'zochepa kuti timakhala pa mlingo ndi kukomoka. Kuchokera pamenepa mwachidziwikire amatsatira mfundo za gradualism. Ndi lamulo la kupitiriza, ndipo ananena kuti kusintha kwa chinthu chimodzi kapena chochitika china zimachitika monotonically ndi mosalekeza.

Kutsekedwa kwa monads

Leibniz nzeru m'gulu ndi mfundo ngati kudzipatula. Nzeru za yekha kaŵirikaŵiri anatsindika kuti monad atazungulira yokha, mwachitsanzo, palibe njira kudzera amene chinachake akhoza kulowa kapena siyani. M'mawu ena, n'zotheka kulankhulana ndi monad aliyense ayi. Ndipo moyo wa munthu. Ilibe ojambula kuonekera kupatula Mulungu.

galasi chilengedwe

nzeru Leibniz kwagogomezeredwa kuti Monad nthawi yomweyo okha ndi chonse pamodzi ndi chikugwirizana ndi china chirichonse. Duality agona mu chiphunzitso cha monads.

Leibniz ananena kuti Monad kwathunthu zimasonyeza zimene zikuchitika. M'mawu ena, kusintha ting'onoting'ono kuukoka okwana kwa kusintha mphindi kwambiri ndi monads. Choncho anabadwa lingaliro la mogwirizana chisanadze kukhazikitsidwa. Kuti ndi Monad - amoyo, ndi chuma chake - ndi wamphamvu yosavuta umodzi.

anapezazo

The nzeru za Leibniz, komanso aliyense mfundo zake modabwitsa bwino pa kuwonana koyamba ndi m'zigawozigawo ngati kuzamitsa. Ndi imodzi anafotokoza kumvetsa kwathu kwa chirichonse, ndipo zili miyoyo yathu ndi mbali zake zamatsenga.

Kupereka anatumikira mu mawonekedwe auzimu, omwe ndi chikhalidwe cha monads lapansi. Monads angakhoze kumutcha chinthu chilichonse, koma kusiyana chidzaonekera tanthauzo kumva za nkhaniyo. Mwachitsanzo, mwala - ndi monad yosokoneza ndi Mulungu - monads onse Monad.

dziko lathu - ndi Monad, chomwe monads. Ndipo pambali iwo alibe china chilichonse. dziko lathu - yekha zotheka choncho zabwino. Aliyense monad amakhala moyo wake mogwirizana ndi dongosolo limene anapatsa ndi Mulungu Mlengi. Ndondomekozi ndi chosiyana, koma kugwirizana awo ndi zodabwitsa. Chochitika anavomera pa dziko lathu.

nzeru Leibniz a momveka limanena kuti tikukhala yabwino moyo kwa dziko bwino. Chiphunzitso cha monads, tikhoza kuganiza kuti ndife okondedwa.