Kant ndi categorical kuyesetsa: akamanena za ziphunzitso nzeru zapamwamba kwambiri?

ndi "categorical kuyesetsa Emanuila Kanta (Immanuel Kant)" n'chiyani? Philosophy - sayansi komanso zosokoneza. Komabe, tiyeni mogwirizana ndi Tisanafike pa chiphunzitsochi. Ndi youma, imvi, wosangalatsa mkate stale. Koma mkate mkate, ndi mutu wa zonse, simungathe kulitaya, ziribe kanthu momwe "kosatheka" zingaoneke.
Choncho, imperatives categorical a Kant I. - izo anakonza "chilamulo cha makhalidwe abwino", malinga ndi zimene munthu ali ndi "mchitidwe kuti limakhulupirira m'zochita zake pamaziko a chifuniro chake angakhale lamulo ambiri chilengedwe." M'mawu ena, ngati munthu wokhumba kuti agwirizane moona abwino, m'pofunika bwino njira iliyonse maweruzo ake ndi zochita, ndiko kuti, isanayambe kapena itatha (makamaka "pamaso") kusiya kwa mphindi, kuima, kutuluka thupi lanu, kuchoka mu malingaliro a olakwika alipo , malamulo komanso malamulo kukana logic ndi kupereka ziyenera woona zimene zikuchitika:

• Angachite anu mwina, chiweruzo chanu (mwambi wakale wa khalidwe lanu) kukhala lamulo limodzi konsekonse;
• ngati munthu amene kwanu nkhope, mtengo wapatali kwambiri, kapena ndi njira kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu;
• zochokera ngati zochita zanu zonse ubwino, kuti athandize anthu.

Akufunazo otsiriza zikumveka pang'ono chisoni, koma apa pali "gulugufe zotsatira" - wathu chilakolako ganizo, kutengeka, maloto ndi chiyembekezo, ngakhale mu maonekedwe a tosaoneka ndi maso, moyo, limakula ndi kufalikira. Palibe Mwamsanga popanda sanachite. Ndipo palibe amene akudziwa mmene kuyankha ndipo kodi mu moyo wa munthu wina. Chotero tiyenera kusamalitsa pofuna kutenga udindo wina kugwedera mkati, aliyense yachiwiri ya moyo wathu, chifukwa akhoza kusintha chirichonse kupitirira kuzindikira miyoyo yathu mu moyo wa munthu wina.

Immanuel Kant: ndi categorical kuyesetsa

Ndipo tsopano funso n'lakuti, "Kodi n'zotheka, kodi n'zotheka kukhala ndi moyo, kutsatira mfundo yotchedwa" Kant ndi categorical kuyesetsa "? Ntchito yake, chiweruzo chake nzeru zapamwamba kwambiri amauza owerenga kuti agwirizane kukambirana anzake a mutu ndi kuyang'ana pa nokha, chizolowezi onse amalemekeza munthu tiyerekeze ...

Malinga ndi wolemba, iliyonse, ngakhale munthu ambiri abwino ali adatchithisira ena chokoma makhalidwe enieni, anabzala ife chibadwire. Ndi chopanda malire. Ndi langwiro. Mwachitsanzo, "malingaliro anga, nzeru ndi mphamvu ya chiweruzo" kapena "kulimba mtima, khama, kudzipereka" - makhalidwe abwino ndipo zabwino munthu aliyense. Koma chinthu chimodzi. Ndipo pa ena? Iwo akhale kwambiri "zoyipa ndi zoipa" popanda kukhalapo kwa iye amakondwera nawo. Mwauchidakwa ndi unpredictably mu uthunthu chilakolako cha kusangalala ndi chisangalalo chomwe amaika maganizo athu mu mzere ndi chimwemwe. Mwachitsanzo, lero munthu wabwino ndi woona mtima, chifukwa izo zikuwoneka zabwino pamaso pa anthu ena, komanso khalidwe zimenezi zimamuthandiza mtundu wa "zodabwitsa" zosangalatsa. Ndipo ngati mawa wabwino ndi woona mtima kanthu ndi mbali imodzi ya mayesero aakulu kapena kufa? Kodi kuchita mu nkhani iyi? khalidwe lililonse khalidwe, aliyense talente, chirichonse chimene angafune, kanthu kapena chiweruzo popanda makhalidwe ndi oona umalimbana kuwongolera maganizo, ndi kuti anthu apindule, ndi wosangalala zofuna wodzikonda.

Komabe, ife alonjeza kuti poyamba ena mfundo apamwamba sakulonjeza kuti lero kapena mawa tidzakhala otsalira. Likhoza kuthandiza kukhazikitsa ife ngati abwino abwino. Ichi ndi nyali yoyaka mu manja a munthu amene chimakwirira njira yake. Koma kopita, imene malangizo, amene ndi cholinga chotani kusankha chaife, ndipo izo ziyenera kukhala mfulu. Ndasankha mmodzi kapena njira zina, ndikuuza mulimonse, nyali yanga zounikira njira yanga, ndipo ine ndikuwona ena a miyala Ine limakuchimwitsa, kotero ine ndipo ine ndekha kusamalira miyoyo yawo. Kumene, osazengereza ndi musalekane, koma iwo akutsatiridwa ndi kuwuka kwa chisoni ndi kuzindikira amene muli mu dziko ili, ndi kuti pali dziko mozungulira. Ndipo munthuyo kotero mwaufulu, mozindikira, nzeru akulowa njira subordination kuti malamulo. Izi ndi bwalo wosatha, kudutsa amene amakhala abwino, choncho ufulu. Uyamiko kwa Iye, munthu akakhala free, choncho abwino. Choncho, Kant ndi imperatives categorical sangathe lero, mawa kogwira. Kuti ali, monga mwa nzeru zapamwamba yekha, munthu azitenga monga maziko, chinachake kuyesetsa kuti, chinachake kutsatira, chifukwa ngati inu kulenga lamulo la machitidwe ntchito zonse kwa munthu payekha komanso kwa anthu onse, inu khalidwe labwino Kumwambamwamba muchilichonse cholankhulidwa. Kodi tinganene pomaliza? Pamene iwo amati, Kant ndi categorical kuyesetsa ndi chimodzi umboni woti Mulungu aliko. Chifukwa chiyani? Inde, chifukwa popanda chikhulupiliro mwa Mulungu, akamanena za ziphunzitso nzeru zapamwamba German ndi wofanana ndi ziro. Zazikidwa pa postulates atatu. The choyamba - kukhulupirira Mulungu ngati chizindikiro cha yabwino makhalidwe zomwe wofuna, ndi chikhulupiriro chokha choona Mlengi amapereka kuzindikira kuti mwamuna ndi mtengo wapatali kwambiri, chifukwa analengedwa mu chifanizo ndi mawonekedwe Ake. The chachiwiri - ndi mzimu umene sufa, chifukwa ndi yekhayo mu yaitali osawerengeka moyo ingathandize kutsatira kuyesetsa categorical. Ndipo wachitatu - ufulu kanthu kena kusiyapo chifuniro, pansi pa malamulo.