ABP chiwembu. ATS (basi malo athandizira) jenereta

Mu yachibadwa mphamvu mode, mphamvu kampani ndi mphamvu operekedwa akubweretsa malo a ntchito. Pamene ndiwo Umasiya ntchito, mphamvu ya maukonde athandizira wachiwiri kapena standby jenereta ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja kapena wosangalatsa kudyetsedwa kwa katundu, amene ndi chithunzi ATS (basi kutengerapo). ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kusokonekera kwa mphamvu za gululi kwa kubwerera magetsi.

III-Rd gulu la magetsi kudalirika

Monga amadziwika, makampani zofunikira nawo zonse makasitomala awo, kuti ali. E. Anthu anthu (malamulo ndi thupi), amene kulowa zimenezi kwa ya magetsi m'magulu atatu malingana ndi mlingo wa kudalirika kwa kotunga magetsi. Kudalilika wotsikitsitsa mu Gulu lachitatu. makasitomala amenewa mphamvu kupereka mmodzi atatu gawo athandizira voteji 6 kapena 10 kV (nthawizina 400) kapena osakwatiwa-gawo athandizira 230 Eliya wina substation, koma mtengo wa katundu kugwirizana kwa maukonde kwa gulu ili osachepera - chabe kukhazikitsa yosavuta kumva-thiransifoma phukusi thiransifoma substations ndi kugwirizana kuti yapafupi pamwamba mzere HIV.

Kodi ndikufunika III-Rd gulu ABP chiwembu?

PUE umamumvera mphamvu zoterozo ndale, ngati magetsi chitsimikizo kuchira pambuyo n'zimene kwa zosaposa tsiku. Ndipo ngati izo siziri? Ndiye nuzhet sekondale mphamvu okwanira, omwe kawirikawiri mutuluka mafuta kapena dizilo-wagawo jenereta. Mu masiku akale, ogula ndi pamanja kulumikiza akatundu awo kuti iwo ndi anapezerapo iwo mu ntchito. Koma ngati zokha za mankhwala amenewa anayambitsa mphamvu ya kuchita chiyambi popanda munthu.

Ndipo ngati inu mukhoza kuyamba mpaka jenereta dizilo basi, monga n'zotheka ndi kugwirizana kuti katundu ogula. Ndipo anayambitsa chikhulupiriro chamakono dvuhvvodnogo ABP, ndi circuitry amene munsimu, kale kukhala payekha muyezo nyumba magetsi.

II-na- gulu: Kodi ankafunika ABP

Ngati ogula akulamula awiri maukonde athandizira mphamvu, iyo alowa kale mu gulu lotsatira - wachiwiri. Pankhaniyi, mphamvu zambiri amafuna makasitomala kulipira yomanga ziwiri thiransifoma substation. Mu chimake losavuta izo limapangidwa zigawo ziwiri basi (izi ndi monga zotayidwa kapena, chabwino, n'kupanga mkuwa) mkulu voteji ndi lophimba waukulu, aliyense amene Ufumuyo mmodzi wa bushings mkulu-voteji (6 kapena 10 kV) okha. Pakati pa zigawo oyenerera wotchedwa yachigawo lophimba. Ngati ndi lotseguka, mkulu voteji athandizira aliyense kudyetsa thiransifoma chimodzi chokha (bwinobwino ntchito ndi limodzi lokha awiri, lachiwiri mu malo - ndipo likufunika lililonse Mphamvu). Pa magetsi azima mmodzi wa zolowetsa ya magetsi ogula akhoza pamanja chimathandiza gawo lophimba ndi ntchito katundu thiransifoma ya nthawi zonse ntchito ndi zina athandizira mkulu-voteji.

ogula oterowo zoona, safuna pamaso pa ATS. Komabe, m'zaka khumi zapitazi, mphamvu zambiri kupereka iwo kukhazikitsa iwo mu muyezo substations ziwiri thiransifoma kumbali otsika voteji. Chotero chishango ABP ali athandizira awiri kuchokera windings otsika voteji wa tiransifoma zosiyanasiyana (iwo onse ayenera mphamvu, koma yodzaza pa nthawi iliyonse mmodzi yekha wa iwo) ndi linanena bungwe kuti basi otsika voteji amene ogwirizana akatundu onse.

I-St gulu - ATS chofunika

Koma ngati ogula osakhutira, mfundo, nthawi akuchedwa kusinthitsa buku la zolowetsa, ndiye izo ziyenera kwenikweni ntchito ATS ndi kusamukira ku gulu lotsatira la magetsi kudalirika - choyamba. Mu chimake losavuta chithunzi chojambula wa ATS Mwina amapanga zolemba awiri a magawo awiri womwewo wa mkulu-voteji substations, mabasi ndi mphamvu kusinthitsa gawo lophimba (zambiri zingalowe). Ngati kotunga voteji Mwamsanga pa athandizira, ndi disables ndi zodziwikiratu waukulu lophimba ndi zikuphatikizapo yachigawo. Kenako, ophatikizana basi voteji amaperekedwa kwa athandizira chachiwiri. ABP athandizira awiri Pankhaniyi ungadzakhazikitsidwe pa substations otsika-voteji, monga tafotokozazi.

Koma ogula la I-St gulu PUE limatchula otchedwa magulu apadera zolowetsa maukonde awiri si mphamvu zokwanira, koma amafuna wachitatu malo athandizira anachita zambiri ndi jenereta dizilo. Mu nkhani iyi, ATS amafuna pa 3 athandizira. Chiwembu iwo anachita pa voteji otsika.

Kodi ATS wagawo ndi athandizira jenereta

Posachedwapa anaonekera pa msika kwambiri zipangizo kubwerera basi ndi ulamuliro microprocessor Mtsogoleri. wotchuka kwambiri pa nkhani imeneyi amakonda upravlyuschie opha kulandirana kupanga Series Easy Moeller kampani. Kusanthula ndi voteji chizindikiro masensa, ndi microcontroller detects mphamvu kulephera ndipo amayamba ndondomeko kuyambira olimbana jenereta (zambiri synchronous). Mwamsanga pamene iye akufika mu voteji oveteredwa ndi pafupipafupi dongosolo ulamuliro masiwichi kwa katundu kasitomala wake. Kwa kugwirizana dera magetsi ATS ndi udindo akatundu olemera ndi vuto m'malo ovuta, kuyambira kuchedwa nthawi ndi mosalephera, ndi mavuto ena luso choopsa kwa yomweyo mphamvu kubwerera.

Control wa pafupipafupi ndi voteji

Imodzi mwa ntchito yaikulu ya chipangizo ATS ndi kamtima voteji dontho kapena mofulumira lathunthu la mphamvu zazikulu gwero. Childs, onse kuunikira gawo mains mbali ndi undervoltage kulandirana (kulandirana ulamuliro gawo). kulephera kufika anatsimikiza ku dontho la voteji pansi pa osachepera pa chilichonse magawo a. Information pa voteji ndi pafupipafupi imafalikira ku ATS gululi, amene amasonyeza kuti n'zotheka kupitiriza katundu okwanira. The kololeka osachepera voteji ndi pafupipafupi ayenera kuthana pamaso kusintha katundu zoyendetsedwa ndi jenereta kubwerera, mphamvu zimene ayenera kupereka izo.

Mfundo zikuluzikulu nthawi akuchedwa

ABP chiwembu ambiri ali kuthekera yotakata kusintha kuchedwa kwa nthawi ayankhe ake. Iyi ndi ntchito koyenera kuti n'zotheka mpumulo popanda disconnection wa mphamvu yaikulu gwero pa lalifupi kuyan'anila wake. Kwambiri zofala nthawi kuchedwa kunyalanyaza aliyense lalifupi ulendo, kuti chifukwa imalankhula zosafunika galimoto Motors ndi magudumu kusintha katundu pa iwo. Kuchedwa uwu mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera masekondi 0 6, Chachiwiri munthu wamba. Ziyenera kukhala lalifupi koma yokwanira kulumikiza kubwerera mphamvu zoyendetsera katundu ogula. Makampani ambiri masiku ano kugula mphamvu katundu uninterruptible mphamvu mabatire yosungiramo, kupereka mogwirizana otsika-kachedwedwe.

kuchedwa zina

Pambuyo kubwezeretsa kotunga chachikulu, ena amazengereza nthawi pofuna bata okwanira katundu kuletsa izo ku mphamvu kubwerera. Childs, izo ranges ku mphindi ziro kwa makumi atatu. ATS jenereta ayenera basi kuzilambalala nthawi akuchedwa kubweranso kwa limatiphunzitsa, ngati kubwerera sichitha, ndi chachikulu ntchito kachiwiri bwinobwino.

Wachitatu ambiri amazengereza nthawi zikuphatikizapo nthawi injini kuzirala. Mu dongosolo lake pa dizilo-jenereta ulamuliro akulamulira injini yotsitsa mpaka mabasi.

Nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri zofunika kusinthana ndi standby jenereta katundu, kamodzi anafika yoyenera voteji ndi pafupipafupi misinkhu. Komabe, zinthu zina, mapulogalamuwanso mapeto ndikufuna ndondomeko ya kusinthitsa wa katundu osiyana pa jenereta kubwerera. Pamene chofunika, ikuchitika masikimu angapo a ATS jenereta amayamba ndi kuchedwa nthawi payekha, kuti katundu akhoza olumikizidwa kwa jenereta mu dongosolo aliyense ankafuna.

Ankapha athandizira zipangizo yokonzera malo

Mapeto a kalasi ankaona zipangizo ndi kusintha madera magetsi, kusintha iwo kuchokera kwenikweni athandizira standby. Monga tanenera kale, mphamvu substations ABP chiwembu akhoza akuyendera onse pa voteji apamwamba m'munsi. Mbali yoyamba yoyendetsa zinthu zake anakhazikitsa masiwichi mkulu voteji. Ngati wachiwiri, ndi umene kusinthitsa wa katundu pa kusinthitsa jenereta athandizira ndi otsika voteji zipangizo.

Iwo zikhonza kukhala mbali ya chishango zida (gulu) ABP, kapena mwina kunja thereto ndi mbali ya katundu dera magetsi. Mbali yoyamba n'zotheka ntchito actuators maginito - limagwirira ntchito zipangizo redundancy ndi ogula si mafakitale mphamvu ya katundu wolemera mpaka makumi angapo kW. Chifukwa ubongo apamwamba ntchito ATS pa contactors. Galimoto chipangizo chojambula chomwecho mu nthawi zonsezi.

Low-voteji zipangizo kunja athandizira circuitry ndi malo mphamvu dera breakers ndi actuators mu atomu. Katundu NKHANI AVR chipangizo yafupika Pankhaniyi kuti mapangidwe ndi apereke iwo kupatsila pa / kutali chizindikiro.

Chitsanzo wagawo AVR 3 athandizira. Dera ndi ntchito aligorivimu

Ndi cholinga kukhazikitsa yothandizira kotunga katundu ndi voteji kuchokera 0.4 magwero mphamvu kV atatu: awiri atatu gawo mains okwanira ndi atatu gawo dizilo jenereta athandizira. Nthambi Yolamula ofesi ndodo ndi Q1, Q2, ndi Q3 aliyense wa bushings poteteza katundu wa 1 gulu la magetsi kudalirika.

The aligorivimu wa chipika chiri motere:

1. Pa waukulu athandizira voteji kumeneko. Ndiye Q1 ali ndi Q2 ndi Q3 ndi ikanazimitsidwa.

2. Pa waukulu athandizira voteji palibe, koma pa kubwerera izo ziliri. Ndiye Q2 ali ndi Q1 ndi Q3 ndi ikanazimitsidwa.

3. Pa zolowetsa waukulu ndi standby, palibe mavuto. Ndiye Q3 ali ndi Q1 ndi Q2 ali ikanazimitsidwa.